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| 1 | Geometric Mean Decomposition Based Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO显示文摘Hybrid precoding can reduce the number of required radio frequency(RF)chains in millimeter-Wave(mmWave) massive MIMO systems. However, existing hybrid precoding based on singular value decomposition(SVD) requires the complicated bit allocation to match the different signal-to-noise-ratios(SNRs) of different sub-channels. In this paper,we propose a geometric mean decomposition(GMD)-based hybrid precoding to avoid the complicated bit allocation. Specifically,we seek a pair of analog and digital precoders sufficiently close to the unconstrained fully digital GMD precoder. To achieve this, we fix the analog precoder to design the digital precoder, and vice versa. The analog precoder is designed based on the orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP) algorithm, while GMD is used to obtain the digital precoder. Simulations show that the proposed GMD-based hybrid precoding achieves better performance than the conventional SVD-based hybrid precoding with only a slight increase in complexity. | Tian Xie Linglong Dai Xinyu Gao Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir Jianjun Li | 2018 | China Communications2018，15，5： | 17 |
| 2 | 基于多时相MODIS EVI和临近三年地面数据的新疆作物分类(英文)显示文摘在区域或全球尺度,250m分辨率的MODIS EVI常被用于作物分类。而且,基于遥感数据可以快速准确的进行作物分类,并为辅助农业政策的制定,因而得到了广大研究者的关注。研究提出了直接使用多年MODIS 250mEVI和临近年份地面调查数据进行作物分类的方法。首先,通过扩展2011,2012和2013年的野外调查数据获得全疆的典型地块,并从地块中提取MODIS纯像元作为分类样本。接着使用免疫系统网络分类器(ABNet)提取研究取的主要作物,包括棉花、玉米、冬小麦和葡萄等。在三年的数据中,任意两年的地面数据用于训练分类器,用使用训练好的分类器对另一年的数据进行分类。例如,使用2011和2012年的数据训练分类器,并对2013年的数据进行分类。结果表明,每年的分类精度达80%以上,且Kappa系数高于0.7。今后工作中,仍需使用更多的地面数据获得更的更精细的分类结果。 | Shakir Muhammad 牛铮 王力 Abdullah Aalikim 郝鹏宇 王长耀 | 2015 | 光谱学与光谱分析2015，35，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Determination of aflatoxins in animal feeds by HPLC with multifunctional column clean-up显示文摘 | Wejdan Shakir Khayoon Bahruddin Saad Chew Bee Yan Nor Hasani Hashim Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed Ali Muhammad Idiris Salleh Baharuddin Salleh | 2009 | Food Chemistry2009，，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Bifunctional catalysts of Co3O4@GCN tubular nanostructured (TNS) hybrids for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions显示文摘为氧和氢进化反应(OER/HER ) 的催化剂在精力采购例如切开的水的可更新的绿色的心。尽管不可思议的努力被作了为 OER 和她开发有效催化剂,大挑战在 bifunctional 催化剂的发展尚待。这里,我们报导公司 3 在 graphitic 碳氮化物(GCN ) 的管状的 nanostructures 嵌入并且在低温度通过一个灵巧的、大规模化学方法综合了的 O 4 。在公司 3 O 4 和 GCN 为 OER 和她作为 bifunctional 催化剂导致了优秀性能。混血儿的高表面区域,唯一的管状的 nanostructure,和作文为催化作用使所有氧化还原作用地点容易可得到并且提供了更快的离子、电子的传导。公司 3 O 4@GCN 管状的 nanostructured (TNS ) 混血儿展出了最低过电位(0.12 V ) 和优秀当前的密度(在 OER 的 147 妈 / 厘米 2) ,比基准 IrO 2 和 RuO 2, 并且与在碱的媒介的优异耐久性好。而且,公司 3 O 4@GCN TNS 混血儿在她表明了优秀性能与低得多的发作和过电位,并且稳定的当前的密度。这被期望公司 3 在这研究开发的 O 4@GCN TNS 混血儿将是在大规模水切开和燃料房间的高贵金属催化剂的一种吸引人的选择。 | Muhammad Tahir Nasir Mahmood Xiaoxue Zhang Tariq Mahmood Faheem. K. Butt Imran Aslam M.Tanveer Faryal Idrees Syed Khalid Imran Shakir Yiming Yan Jijun Zou Chuanbao Cao Yanglong Hou | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，11： | 2 |
| 5 | Structural, electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Gd-Sn substituted Sr-hexaferrite synthesized by sol–gel combustion method显示文摘 | Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Sajeela Shakoor Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq Muhammad Farooq Warsi Irshad Ali Imran Shakir | 2015 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2015，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Application of Box-Behnken Design for Optimization of Different Pretreatment Conditions for Cellulase Production显示文摘Effects of dilute acid and acid steam pretreatments were inspected for cellulose production of Eucalyptus leaves through Box-Behenken design,a three variable factors for response surface methodology by Bacillus subtilus K^(-1)8.Maximum cellulose production performed in 250 mL erlenmeyer flask with submerged fermentation attained at 50℃,p H 5,140 r·min^(-1) for 24 h.Results showed the efficient cellulose production from acid steam pretreatment(being autoclaved at 15 Psi for 15 min)than acid pretreatment.The optimum condition for maximum carboxymethyl cellulas(CMCase)was 1.811 IU·mL^(-1)·min^(-1)(0.8%acid conc.,10 g biomass loading,6 h reaction time)and filter paper activity(FPase)was 2.255 IU·mL^(-1)·min^(-1)(1%acid conc.,10 g biomass loading,8 h reaction time).Whereas,the acid steam maximum CMCase activity recorded was 2.585 IU·mL^(-1)·min^(-1)(0.8%acid conc.,15 g substrate loading and 8 h reaction time)and the highest FPase activity was 2.055 IU·mL^(-1)·min^(-1)(0.8%conc.,10 g biomass,6 h reaction time then autoclaved).Results revealed that acid pretreated Eucalyptus leaves were better lignocellulosic biomass for cellulose production by submerged fermentation. | Sidra Iqbal Muhammad Irfan Fouzia Tabassum Hafiz Abdullah Shakir Javed Iqbal Qazi | 2017 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2017，24，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Structural Features and In Vivo and In Vitro Therapeutic Effects against Helicobacter pylori Induced Gastritis显示文摘 | Muhammad Amin Sadaf Hameed Asghar Ali Farooq Anwar Shaukat Ali Shahid Imran Shakir Aqdas Yaqoob Sara Hasan Safyan Akram Khan Sajjad-ur-Rahman Imre Sovago | 2014 | Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications2014，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Energy Efficiency Trade-off with Spectral Efficiency in MIMO Systems显示文摘5G technology can greatly improve spectral efficiency(SE)and throughput of wireless communications.In this regard,multiple inputmultiple output(MIMO)technology has become the most influential technology using huge antennas and user equipment(UE).However,the use of MIMO in 5G wireless technology will increase circuit power consumption and reduce energy efficiency(EE).In this regard,this article proposes an optimal solution for weighing SE and throughput tradeoff with energy efficiency.The research work is based on theWyner model of uplink(UL)and downlink(DL)transmission under the multi-cell model scenario.The SE-EE trade-off is carried out by optimizing the choice of antenna and UEs,while the approximation method based on the logarithmic function is used for optimization.In this paper,we analyzed the combination of UL and DL power consumption models and precoding schemes for all actual circuit power consumption models to optimize the trade-off between EE and throughput.The simulation results show that the SE-EE trade-off has been significantly improved by developing UL and DL transmission models with the approximation method based on logarithmic functions.It is also recognized that the throughput-EE trade-off can be improved by knowing the total actual power consumed by the entire network. | Rao Muhammad Asif Mustafa Shakir Jamel Nebhen Ateeq Ur Rehman Muhammad Shafiq Jin-Ghoo Choi | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，3： | 0 |
| 9 | Object-based image analysis supported by data mining to discriminate large areas of soybean显示文摘This research aimed to analyze the possibility to estimate and automatically map large areas of soybean cultivation through the use of MODIS(Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)images.Two major techniques were used:GEOgraphic-Object-Based Image Analysis(GEOBIA)and Data Mining(DM).In order to obtain the images,the segmentation algorithm implemented by Definiens Developer was used.A decision tree(DT)was created from a training set previously prepared.Time-series of images from the MODIS sensor aboard the Terra satellite were acquired in order to represent the wide variation of the vegetation pattern along the soybean crop cycle.The time-series data were used only for the CEI index.Furthermore,to compare the results obtained from GEOBIA,the slicing technique was used at the CEI level.After the training,the DT was applied to the vegetation indices generating the thematic map of the spatial distribution of soybean.In accordance with the error matrix and kappa parameter analysis,tests for statistical significance were created.Results indicate that the classification achieved by Kappa coefficients is 0.76.In short,the obtained results proved that combining vegetation indices and time-series data using GEOBIA return promising results for mapping soybean plantation on a regional scale. | Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior Marcos Rafael Nanni José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior Everson Cezar Paulo Eduardo Teodoro Rafael Coll Delgado Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi Muhammad Shakir Marcelo Luiz Chicati | 2019 | International Journal of Digital Earth2019，12，3： | 0 |
| 10 | Growth, yield and fiber quality characteristics of Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars in response to boron nutrition显示文摘Background Boron(B)deficiency is an important factor for poor seed cotton yield and fiber quality.However,it is often missing in the plant nutrition program,particularly in developing countries.The current study investigated B’s effect on growth,yield,and fiber quality of Bt(CIM-663)and non-Bt(Cyto-124)cotton cultivars.The experimental plan consisted of twelve treatments:Control(CK);B at 1 mg·kg^(−1) soil application(SB1);2 mg·kg^(−1) B(SB2);3 mg·kg^(−1) B(SB3);0.2%B foliar spray(FB1);0.4%B foliar spray(FB2);1 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB1+FB1);1 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB1+FB2);2 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB2+FB1);2 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB2+FB2);3 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB3+FB1);3 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB3+FB2).Each treat-ment has three replications,one pot having two plants per replication.Results B nutrition at all levels and methods of application significantly(P≤0.05)affected the growth,physiological,yield,and fiber quality characteristics of both cotton cultivars.However,SB2 either alone or in combination with foliar spray showed superiority over others,particularly in the non-Bt cultivar which responded better to B nutrition.Maxi-mum improvement in monopodial branches(345%),sympodial branches(143%),chlorophyll-a(177%),chlorophyll-b(194%),photosynthesis(169%),and ginning out turn(579%)in the non-Bt cultivar was found with SB2 compared with CK.In Bt cultivar,although no consistent trend was found but integrated use of SB3 with foliar spray performed relatively better for improving cotton growth compared with other treatments.Fiber quality characteristics in both cultivars were improved markedly but variably with different B treatments.Conclusion B nutrition with SB2 either alone or in combination with foliar spray was found optimum for improving cotton’s growth and yield characteristics. | MEHRAN Muhammad ASHRAF Muhammad SHAHZAD Sher Muhammad SHAKIR Muhammad Siddique AZHAR Muhammad Tehseen AHMAD Fiaz ALVI Alamgir | 2023 | Journal of Cotton Research2023，6，1： | 0 |
| 11 | Evolution of Coulomb failure stress in Sulaiman Lobe,Pakistan,and its implications for seismic hazard assessment显示文摘In this research work,we present the evolution of Coulomb failure stress(CFS)in the Sulaiman Lobe and its implications for seismic hazard assessment.The Chaman transform fault,~1,000 km long,is the major active fault that marks the western boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan on the Indian Plate.To date,few studies have been conducted to unveil the interactions among earthquakes and the implications of these interactions for seismic hazard assessment in the region.We thoroughly investigated the published and online catalog to construct a sequence of major earthquakes that occurred in this region during the past.The final earthquake sequence was composed of 15 earthquakes of M_(w)≥6.0,beginning with the 1888 earthquake.We used the stress-triggering theory to numerically simulate the evolution of CFS caused by these earthquakes.The numerical results revealed that 8 out of 15earthquakes were triggered by the preceding earthquakes.The earthquakes in 1908,1910,1935,1966,and 1997 were rather independent earthquakes in this sequence.Although the epicenters of the 1975a and 1975b earthquakes were in the stress shadow zone,the partial rupture segments of both these earthquakes were in high-CFS regions.The CFS induced by the 1935 earthquake was notable,as it later triggered the 2008 doublet.Moreover,our results revealed that the northern segment of the Chaman Fault,the southern segment of the Ghazaband Fault,and the northwestern segment of the Urghargai Fault demonstrated a high change in CFS that could trigger seismicity in these regions.The necessary arrangements must therefore be made to mitigate any possible seismic hazards in the region. | Aiza Amjad Muhammad Shahid Riaz Urooj Shakir Muhammad Younis Khan Muhammad Ali Shah | 2023 | Earth and Planetary Physics2023，7，2： | 0 |
| 12 | Microwave-assisted pre-ionization experiments on GLAST-Ⅲ显示文摘GLAss Spherical Tokamak(GLAST-Ⅲ)is a spherical tokamak with an insulating vacuum vessel that has a unique single-passage capability for incident microwaves.In this work,electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH)-assisted plasma pre-ionization in GLAST-Ⅲis explored for three radio-frequency(RF)polarizations(the O-,X-,and M-modes)at different toroidal-field(TF)strengths and filled gas pressures.The optimum hydrogen pressure is identified for efficient plasma pre-ionization.A comparison of the plasma pre-ionizations initiated by the O-,X-,and M-modes shows prominent differences in the breakdown time,location,and wave absorption.In the case of O-mode polarization,microwave absorption occurs for a relatively shorter duration,resulting in a bell-shaped electron-temperature(Te)temporal profile.Microwave absorption is dominant in the case of the X-mode,leading to a broader Te temporal profile.The M-mode discharge contains features of both the X-and O-modes.Efficient plasma pre-ionization is achieved in the X-mode polarization for the intermediate TF strengths(with a central toroidal magnetic field B0=0.075 T).Traces of the electron-number density show a similar tendency,as revealed by Te.These results suggest that the X-mode is the best candidate for efficient plasma pre-ionization at low filled gas pressures(10-2 Pa)in small tokamaks. | Riaz KHAN Sehrish SHAKIR Ahmad ALI Muhammad Khawar AYUB Moazzam NAZIR Zia UR-REHMAN Abdul QAYYUM Muhammad Athar NAVEED Sarfraz AHMAD Zahoor AHMAD Rafaqat ALI Shahid HUSSAIN | 2021 | Plasma Science and Technology2021，23，8： | 0 |
| 13 | Energy efficient indoor localisation for narrowband internet of things显示文摘There are an increasing number of Narrow Band IoT devices being manufactured as the technology behind them develops quickly.The high co‐channel interference and signal attenuation seen in edge Narrow Band IoT devices make it challenging to guarantee the service quality of these devices.To maximise the data rate fairness of Narrow Band IoT devices,a multi‐dimensional indoor localisation model is devised,consisting of transmission power,data scheduling,and time slot scheduling,based on a network model that employs non‐orthogonal multiple access via a relay.Based on this network model,the optimisation goal of Narrow Band IoT device data rate ratio fairness is first established by the authors,while taking into account the Narrow Band IoT network:The multidimensional indoor localisation optimisation model of equipment tends to minimize data rate,energy constraints and EH relay energy and data buffer constraints,data scheduling and time slot scheduling.As a result,each Narrow Band IoT device's data rate needs are met while the network's overall performance is optimised.We investigate the model's potential for convex optimisation and offer an algorithm for optimising the distribution of multiple resources using the KKT criterion.The current work primarily considers the NOMA Narrow Band IoT network under a single EH relay.However,the growth of Narrow Band IoT devices also leads to a rise in co‐channel interference,which impacts NOMA's performance enhancement.Through simulation,the proposed approach is successfully shown.These improvements have boosted the network's energy efficiency by 44.1%,data rate proportional fairness by 11.9%,and spectrum efficiency by 55.4%. | Ismail Keshta Mukesh Soni Mohammed Wasim Bhatt Azeem Irshad Ali Rizwan Shakir Khan Renato RMaaliw III Arsalan Muhammad Soomar Mohammad Shabaz | 2023 | CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology2023，8，4： | 0 |
| 14 | Abundance,spatial distribution,and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention ponds显示文摘Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape. | Muhammad Masood Ashiq Farhad Jazaei Kati Bell Ahmed Shakir Ali Ali Alireza Bakhshaee Peyman Babakhani | 2023 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2023，17，10： | 0 |
| 15 | 改进VMD-QR-ELM混合模型在径流预报中的应用显示文摘以黄河流域石嘴山水文站2002—2019年径流数据为研究对象,根据其数据分布特征构建基于并行VMD-QR-ELM模型的径流预测方法。实验结果表明,基于并行VMD-QR-ELM的径流预测方法相比于传统极限学习模型(ELM),精准度提高73.28%,可信度提高38.78%,相对于串行模型其效率提高87.5%。 | 刘扬 王立虎 杜帅兵 赵丽 Muhammad Abdullah Shakir | 2022 | 水文2022，42，6： | 0 |
| 16 | Interference Mitigation in D2D Communication Underlying Cellular Networks:Towards Green Energy显示文摘Device to Device(D2D)communication is emerging as a new participant promising technology in 5G cellular networks to promote green energy networks.D2D communication can improve communication delays,spectral efficiency,system capacity,data off-loading,and many other fruitful scenarios where D2D can be implemented.Nevertheless,induction of D2D communication in reuse mode with the conventional cellular network can cause severe interference issues,which can significantly degrade network performance.To reap all the benefits of induction of D2D communication with conventional cellular communication,it is imperative to minimize interference’s detrimental effects.Efficient power control can minimize the negative effects of interference and get benefits promised by D2D communication.In this work,we propose two power control schemes,Power Control Scheme 1(PCS 1)and Power Control Scheme 2(PCS 2),to minimize the interference and provide performance analysis.Simulation results observe improvements with PCS 1 and PCS 2 as compared to without using any power control scheme in terms of data rate in both uplink and downlink communication modes of Cellular User Equipment(CUE). | Rana Zeeshan Ahamad Abdul Rehman Javed Shakir Mehmood Mohammad Zubair Khan Abdulfattah Noorwali Muhammad Rizwan | 2021 | Computers, Materials & Continua2021，，7： | 0 |
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