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| 1 | Rhubarb extract partially improves mucosal integrity in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis显示文摘AIM To investigate the effects of orally gavaged aqueous rhubarb extract(RE) on 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in rats. METHODS Female Dark Agouti rats(n = 8/group) were gavaged daily(1 mL) with water, high-dose RE(HDR; 200 mg/kg) or low-dose RE(LDR; 20mg/kg) for eight days. Intestinal mucositis was induced(day 5) with 5-FU(150 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Intestinal tissue samples were collected for myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity and histological examination. Xenopus oocytes expressing aquaporin 4 water channels were prepared to examine the effect of aqueous RE on cell volume, indicating a potential mechanism responsible for modulating net fluid absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS B o d y w e i g h t w a s s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e d i n r a t s administered 5-FU compared to healthy controls(P < 0.01). Rats administered 5-FU significantly increased intestinal MPO levels(≥ 307%; P < 0.001), compared to healthy controls. However, LDR attenuated this effect in 5-FU treated rats, significantly decreasing ileal MPO activity(by 45%; P < 0.05), as compared to 5-FU controls. 5-FU significantly reduced intestinal mucosal thickness(by ≥ 29% P < 0.001) as compared to healthy controls. LDR significantly increased ileal mucosal thickness in 5-FU treated rats(19%; P < 0.05) relative to 5-FU controls. In xenopus oocytes expressing AQP4 water channels, RE selectively blocked water influx into the cell, induced by a decrease in external osmotic pressure. As water efflux was unaltered by the presence of extracellular RE, the directional flow of water across the epithelial barrier, in the presence of extracellular RE, indicated that RE may alleviate water loss across the epithelial barrier and promote intestinal health in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.CONCLUSION In summary, low dose RE improves selected parameters of mucosal integrity and reduces ileal inflammation, manifesting from 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. | Juliana E Bajic Georgina L Eden Lorrinne S Lampton Ker Y Cheah Kerry A Lymn Jinxin V Pei Andrea J Yool Gordon S Howarth | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，37： | 3 |
| 2 | Effects on male rats of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-hexylphthalate administered alone or in combination显示文摘 | Howarth J A Price S C Dobrota M | 2001 | Toxicol Lett2001，121，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Catalytic raeemisation of alcohols:applications to enzymatic resolution reactions 显示文摘 | Dinh P M Howarth J A Williams J M J | 1996 | Tetrahedron Letters1996，37，42： | 1 |
| 4 | Human alterations of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and eonsequences显示文摘 | Vitousek P M Aber J A Howarth R W | 1997 | Ecol Appl1997，，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)显示文摘 | Bentley SD Chater KF Cerdeno-Tarraga AM Challis GL Thomson NR James KD Harris DE Quail MA Kieser H Harper D Bateman A Brown S Chandra G Chen CW Collins M Cronin A Fraser A Goble A Hidalgo J Hornsby T Howarth S Huang CH Kieser T Larke L Murphy L Oliver K O | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Catalytic racemisation of alcohols: applications to enzymatic resolution reactions显示文摘 | DINH P M HOWARTH J A HUDNOTT A R | 1996 | TelrahedronLetters1996，37，： | 1 |
| 7 | Calcium channel blocker drug overdose an Auatralian seriea 显示文摘 | Howarth D M Dawson A H Smith A J | 1994 | Hum Exp Toxicol1994，13，3： | 1 |
| 8 | An enhanced classification approach to change detection in semi-arid enviromnent 显示文摘 | Pilon P G Howarth P J Bullock R A | 1988 | Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing1988，54，： | 1 |
| 9 | Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N, P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: natural and human influences 显示文摘 | Howarth RW Billen G Swaney D Townsend A Jaworski N Lajtha K Downing JA Elmgren R Caraco N Jordan T Berendse F Freney J Kudeyarov V Murdoch P Zhu ZL | 1996 | Biogeochemistry1996，35，： | 1 |
| 10 | Gum elastic bougie-guided placement of the Proseal laryngeal mask显示文摘 | Howarth A Brimacombe J Keller C ea tl | 2002 | Can J Anaesth2002，49，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Ni-trogen and phosphorus budgets of the North Atlantic O-cean and its watershed显示文摘 | Galloway J N Howarth R W Michaels A E | | 0，，35： | 1 |
| 12 | HSP70 sup- presses apoptosis in sympathetic neurons by preventing the ac- tivation of C-Jun显示文摘 | BIENEMANN A S LEE Y B HOWARTH J | 2007 | J Neurochem2007，104，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Allergic rhinitis:past present and the future显示文摘 | SALIB R J DRAKE-LEE A HOWARTH P H | 2003 | Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci2003，28，： | 1 |
| 14 | Reynolds stress observations in conti- nental shelf seas 显示文摘 | Howarth M J Souza A J | 2005 | Deep Sea Res Part Ⅱ2005，25，910： | 1 |
| 15 | The complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of cauliflower mosaic virus by ml3mp7 shot gun sequencing显示文摘 | Gardner RC Howarth A J Hahn P | 1981 | Nucleic Acids Res1981，9，： | 1 |
| 16 | Continuous 14 day infusion of IGF-Ⅱ increases the growth of normal female rats,but exhibits a lower potency than IGF-Ⅰ显示文摘 | Conlon M A Francis G L Tomas F M Wallace J C Howarth G S Ballard F J | 1995 | J Endocrinol1995，144，： | 1 |
| 17 | Ultrafine particles and nitrogen oxides generated by gas and electric cooking 显示文摘 | Dennekamp M Howarth S Dick C A J | 2001 | Occupational & Environmental Medicine2001，58，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)显示文摘 | Bentley SD Chater KF Cerdeno-Tarraga AM Challis GL Thomson NR James KD Harris DE Quail MA Kieser H Harper D Bateman A Brown S Chandra G Chen CW Collins M Cronin A Fraser A Goble A Hidalgo J Hornsby T Howarth S Huang CH Kieser T Larke L Murphy L Oliver K O | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Seawater Sr isotope variations through time: A procedure for constructing a reference curve to date and correlate marine sedimentary rocks 显示文摘 | Smalley P C Higgins A C Howarth R J | 1994 | Geology1994，22，： | 1 |
| 20 | Structural and Mate-rials Properties of a Polysulphide-modified Epoxide Resin显示文摘 | Kemp J T Wilford A Howarth O W | 1992 | Polymer1992，33，9： | 1 |
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