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| 1 | 任人唯亲的董事会文化和经理人超额薪酬问题显示文摘本文从任人唯亲的董事会文化视角实证考察了我国上市公司中存在的经理人超额薪酬问题。在控制了导致经理人超额薪酬的潜在制度因素后,本文的研究表明经理人超额薪酬与任人唯亲的董事会文化有关,而通过由股东(控股公司)而不是上市公司发放董事(长)薪酬将有助于打破任人唯亲的董事会文化,减缓经理人超额薪酬问题。本文从而以经理人超额薪酬为例说明我国上市公司董事会监督的有效性不仅仅体现在独立董事的比例、董事会的规模以及经理人是否兼任董事长等公司层面的制度(设计)特征上,而且与董事会的文化特征有关。在我国上市公司治理实践中如何寻找和设计合理的机制来打破任人唯亲等坏的董事会文化的路径依赖,建立和倡导良好的董事会文化由此变得十分重要。 | 郑志刚 孙娟娟 Rui Oliver | 2012 | 经济研究2012，47，12： | 89 |
| 2 | 大熊猫微卫星DNA的筛选及其应用显示文摘经DpnⅡ限制酶消化大熊猫基因组DNA后,选取150-500bp大小的片段构建了DNA文库。用合成的(CA)(15)探针从这一文库中克隆筛选了10个大熊猫特异的微卫星DNA座位。在测定DNA序列的基础上设计并合成了10个座位特异的引物,以PCR技术扩增了7份抽提自组织细胞和6份抽提自毛发的大熊猫DNA样品。发现除座位g(007)外,其余9个座位均呈多态性,而且所有座位均为偶数碱基的长度变异。对有准确谱系记录的家系的研究结果证明,这10个微卫星DNA座位严格按孟德尔方式遗传。因而这些座位能有效地应用于大熊猫的亲子鉴定,从而为建立各地大熊猫谱系和制定有效的繁殖计划提供了一个有效的遗传学手段。根据这10个微卫星座位的分析,我们澄清了两组未知的父系关系。 | 张亚平 王文 宿兵 范志勇 张和民 何廷美 Oliver A.Ryder | 1995 | Zoological Research1995，16，4： | 71 |
| 3 | 微卫星及其应用显示文摘微卫星是广泛分布于真核生物基因组中的短串联重复序列 ( 1~ 5bp) ,具有突变速率快、多态性高等特性。已被广泛应用于生物遗传作图、群体遗传研究、个体间亲缘关系鉴定等方面。简要论述了微卫星的突变、位点的分离、数据的收集、在生物学中的应用及其存在的缺陷。 | 张云武 张亚平 Oliver A.Ryder | 2001 | Zoological Research2001，22，4： | 79 |
| 4 | 评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数显示文摘[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数:缺血性心脏病(IHD)、脑血管疾病(脑卒中)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌(LC)。建立急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染(AAP)、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟(AS)等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应(IER)模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数(PAFs)。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为:IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。 | Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin Gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes Nigel G.Bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.Gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014，31，11： | 80 |
| 5 | Five-year plans, China finance and their consequences显示文摘An important factor influencing corporate finance and economic growth in China lies in its government sponsored industrial policies. Examining China's five-year plans during 1991–2010, we find that state-owned firms in government supported industries enjoy faster growth in initial public offerings and higher offer prices. Further, they enjoy faster growth in loans granted by major national banks. However, this preferential access to capital by state-owned firms appears to be achieved at the expense of non-state-owned firms which are crowded out. Government support induces more investment but also brings more overinvestment, which mainly comes from the non-state sector.Finally, supported industries have higher stock market returns and cash flow growth that dampen when state ownership increases. | Donghua Chen Oliver Zhen Li Fu Xin | 2017 | China Journal of Accounting Research2017，，3： | 76 |
| 6 | Gallbladder carcinoma: prognostic factors and therapeutic options显示文摘The outcome of gallbladder carcinoma is poor,and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. In early-stage disease,a 5-year survival rate up to 75% can be achieved if stage-adjusted therapy is performed. There is wide geographic variability in the frequency of gallbladder carcinoma,which can only be explained by an interaction between genetic factors and their alteration. Gallstones and chronic cholecystitis are important risk factors in the formation of gallbladder malignancies. Factors such as chronic bacterial infection,primary sclerosing cholangitis,an anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary duct,and several types of gallbladder polyps are associated with a higher risk of gallbladder cancer. There is also an interesting correlation between risk factors and the histological type of cancer. However,despite theoretical risk factors,only a third of gallbladder carcinomas are recognized preoperatively. In most patients,the tumor is diagnosed by the pathologist after a routine cholecystectomy for a benign disease and is termed ‘‘incidental or occult gallbladder carcinoma''(IGBC). A cholecystectomy is performed frequently due to the minimal invasiveness of the laparoscopic technique. Therefore,the postoperative diagnosis of potentially curable early-stage disease is more frequent. A second radical re-resection to complete a radical cholecystectomy is required for several IGBCs. However,the literature and guidelines used in different countries differ regarding the radicality or T-stage criteria for performing a radical cholecystectomy. The NCCN guidelines and data from the German registry(GR),which records the largest number of incidental gallbladder carcinomas in Europe,indicate that carcinomas infiltrating the muscularis propria or beyond require radical surgery. According to GR data and current literature,a wedge resection with a combined dissection of the lymph nodes of the hepatoduodenal ligament is adequate for T1 b and T2 carcinomas. The reason for a radical cholecystectomy after simple CE in a formally R0 situation is either occult invasion or hepatic spread with unknown lymphogenic dissemination. Unfortunately,there are diverse interpretations and practices regarding stageadjusted therapy for gallbladder carcinoma. The current data suggest that more radical therapy is warranted. | Thorsten Oliver Goetze | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，43： | 43 |
| 7 | SIPD14091900000067显示文摘 | K.A. Olive Particle Data Group | 2014 | Chinese Physics C2014，，9： | 21 |
| 8 | Intraductal endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hilar non-resectable malignant bile duct obstruction显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the safety and technical success of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for palliative treatment of malignant hilar bile duct obstruction. METHODS: In this study, a recently CE and FDA-approved endoscopic RFA catheter was first tested in an ex vivo pig liver model to study the effect of electrosurgical variables on the extent of the area of induced necrosis. Subsequently, a retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients treated with endoscopic RFA for malignant biliary obstruction at our center between February 2012 and April 2013. All patients received an additional plastic stent implantation into the biliary tree following RFA. RESULTS: In the pig model, ablation time of 60-90 seconds using the bipolar soft coagulation mode at 8-10 watts with an effect of 8 was found to be the most feasible setting. Twelve patients(5 females, 7 males; mean age, 70 years) underwent 19 endoscopic RFA(range, 1-5) sessions. Deployment of RFA was successful in all patients. Systemic chemotherapy was administered in four patients. We observed biliary bleeding 4-6 wk after the intervention in three cases and two of these patients died: in one patient, spontaneous hemobilia occurred, whereas bleeding started during stent extraction in the other. In the third patient, bleeding was stopped by insertion of a non-covered self-expanding metal stent. Another three patients developed cholangitis during follow-up. Seven patients died during follow-up and median survival was 6.4 mo(95%CI: 0.05-12.7) from the time of the first RFA. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic RFA is an easy to perform and technically highly successful procedure. However, hemobilia possibly associated with RFA occurred in three of our patients. Therefore, larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of this promising new method. | Andrea Oliver Tal Johannes Vermehren Mireen FriedrichRust Jrg Bojunga Christoph Sarrazin Stefan Zeuzem Jrg Trojan Jrg Gerhard Albert | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，1： | 18 |
| 9 | EGFR and HER2 expression in advanced biliary tract cancer显示文摘AIM:To analyze the pathogenetic role and potential clinical usefulness of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer(BTC). METHODS:EGFR and HER2 expression was studied in biopsy samples from 124 patients(51%women; median age 64.8 years),with advanced BTC diagnosed between 1997 and 2004.Five micrometers sections of paraffin embedded tissue were examined by standard, FDA approved immunohistochemistry.Tumors with scores of 2+or 3+for HER2 expression on immunochemistry were additionally tested for HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridisation(FISH).RESULTS:34/124 patients(27.4%)had gallbladder cancer,47(37.9%)had intrahepatic BTC and 43(34.7%)had extrahepatic or perihilar BTC.EGFR expression was examined in a subset of 56 samples. EGFR expression was absent in 22/56 tumors(39.3%). Of the remaining samples expression was scored as 1+in 12(21.5%),2+in 13(23.2%)and 3+in 9(16%), respectively.HER2 expression was as follows:score 0 73/124(58.8%),score 1+27/124(21.8%),score 2+ 21/124(17%)and score 3+4/124(3.2%).HER2 gene amplification was present in 6/124,resulting in an overall amplification rate of 5%. CONCLUSION:Our data suggest that routine testing and therapeutic targeting of HER2 does not seem to be useful in patients with BTC,while targeting EGFR may be promising. | Jan Harder Oliver Waiz Florian Otto Michael Geissler Manfred Olschewski Brigitte Weinhold Hubert E Blum Annette Schmitt-Graeff Oliver G Opitz | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，36： | 18 |
| 10 | Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma following chemoembolization:a western experience显示文摘BACKGROUND: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a recommended first line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serious complications such as neutropenic sepsis and hepatic decompensation are well known, but rupture of HCC following TACE is a rare and potentially fatal complication. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of ruptured HCC following TACE and the associated risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using our liver database with 'chemoembolization', 'ruptured HCC' covering the patients who received chemoembolization from January 1995 to December 2005. There were no exclusions. RESULTS: A total of 294 patients received chemoemboliza- tion in 530 sessions during the 10-year period. Of these, 2 ruptured following treatment (incidence 0.68%). The mean age was 65 years and the interval between the treatment and rupture was 2 and 24 days. The common factors were male sex, large tumor size (range 11-13 cm), and exophytic tumor growth. One patient died 2 days after rupture with hepatic decompensation while the second is alive after a 6-month follow up without tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Ruptured HCC following TACE is a rare but serious complication. Large tumor size, male sex, and exophytic growth of tumor may be predisposing factors for rupture. | Narendra Battula Parthi Srinivasan Mansoor Madanur Srinivas Prabhu Chava Oliver Priest Mohamed Rela Nigel Heaton | 2007 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2007，6，1： | 17 |
| 11 | Meta-analysis of laparoscopic vs open cholecystectomy in elderly patients显示文摘AIM:To investigate the comparative effect of laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in elderly patients.METHODS:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has induced a revolution in the treatment of gallbladder disease.Nevertheless,surgeons have been reluctant to implement the concepts of minimally invasive surgery in older patients.A systematic review of Medline was embarked on,up to June 2013.Studies which provided outcome data on patients aged 65 years or older,subjected to laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy were considered.Mortality,morbidity,cardiac and pulmonary complications were the outcome measures of treatment effect.The methodological quality of selected studies was appraised using valid assessment tools.Τhe random-effects model was applied to synthesize outcome data.RESULTS:Out of a total of 337 records,thirteen articles(2 randomized and 11 observational studies)reporting on the outcome of 101559 patients(48195in the laparoscopic and 53364 in the open treatment group,respectively)were identified.Odds ratios(OR)were constantly in favor of laparoscopic surgery,in terms of mortality(1.0%vs 4.4%,OR=0.24,95%CI:0.17-0.35,P<0.00001),morbidity(11.5%vs 21.3%,OR=0.44,95%CI:0.33-0.59,P<0.00001),cardiac(0.6%vs 1.2%,OR=0.55,95%CI:0.38-0.80,P=0.002)and respiratory complications(2.8%vs 5.0%,OR=0.55,95%CI:0.51-0.60,P<0.00001).Critical analysis of solid study data,demonstrated a trend towards improved outcomes for the laparoscopic concept,when adjusted for age and co-morbid diseases.CONCLUSION:Further high-quality evidence is necessary to draw definite conclusions,although bestavailable evidence supports the selective use of laparoscopy in this patient population. | Stavros A Antoniou George A Antoniou Oliver O Koch Rudolph Pointner Frank A Granderath | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 17 |
| 12 | 生成对抗网络理论框架、衍生模型与应用最新进展显示文摘近年来,生成对抗网络发展迅速,尤其在图像处理方面表现突出.由于深度网络的强大和竞争性训练方式,生成对抗网络可以产生高质量的图像.本文论述了生成对抗网络的理论框架及衍生模型,简要介绍了其训练方法,重点介绍了生成对抗网络在图像处理领域的应用,包括图像的合成与分类,图像风格转换,图像超分辨率和其他应用. | 赵增顺 高寒旭 孙骞 滕升华 常发亮 Dapeng Oliver Wu | 2018 | 小型微型计算机系统2018，39，12： | 16 |
| 13 | Interventional radiology in the management of malignant biliary obstruction显示文摘Malignant biliary obstruction is commonly due to pancreatic carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic disease which are often inoperable at presentation and carry a poor prognosis.Percutaneous biliary drainage and stenting provides a safe and effective method of palliation in such patients,thereby improving their quality of life.It may also be an adjunct to surgical management by improving hepatic and,indirectly,renal function before resection of the tumor. | Cherian George Oliver Richard Byass James Edmund Ian Cast | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，3： | 15 |
| 14 | 大熊猫DNA序列变异及其遗传多样性研究显示文摘测定了来自马边、美姑、越西、宝兴、平武、青川、南坪和白水江等地40只大熊猫336~444bp的线粒体tRNA基因和D环区序列.在21个创立者中共检出9种线粒体DNA单倍型.发现大熊猫的遗传分化程度很低,地理群体间无显著的遗传隔离.大熊猫现生群体可能源于晚更新世,并受瓶颈效应的影响.在此之后,其遗传多样性得到了一定程度的恢复. | 张亚平 Oliver A Ryder 范志勇 张和明 何廷美 何光昕 张安居 费立松 钟顺隆 陈红 张成林 杨明海 朱飞兵 彭真信 普天春 陈玉村 姚敏达 郭伟 | 1997 | 中国科学(C辑)1997，27，2： | 14 |
| 15 | Autonomous vehicles: challenges, opportunities, and future implications for transportation policies显示文摘This study investigates the challenges and opportunities pertaining to transportation policies that may arise as a result of emerging autonomous vehicle(AV)technologies. AV technologies can decrease the transportation cost and increase accessibility to low-income households and persons with mobility issues. This emerging technology also has far-reaching applications and implications beyond all current expectations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and explores a broad spectrum of issues from safety to machine ethics. An indispensable part of a prospective AV development is communication over cars and infrastructure(connected vehicles). A major knowledge gap exists in AVtechnology with respect to routing behaviors. Connectedvehicle technology provides a great opportunity to implement an efficient and intelligent routing system. To this end, we propose a conceptual navigation model based on a fleet of AVs that are centrally dispatched over a network seeking system optimization. This study contributes to the literature on two fronts:(i) it attempts to shed light on future opportunities as well as possible hurdles associated with AV technology; and(ii) it conceptualizes a navigation model for the AV which leads to highly efficient traffic circulations. | Saeed Asadi Bagloee Madjid Tavana Mohsen Asadi Tracey Oliver | 2016 | Journal of Modern Transportation2016，24，4： | 14 |
| 16 | Adult iatrogenic ureteral injury and strictureeincidence and treatment strategies显示文摘Iatrogenic ureteral injuries and strictures are relatively common complication of pelvic surgery and radiation treatment.Left untreated they are associated with severe shortand long-term complications such as urinoma,septic state,renal failure,and loss of a renal unit.Treatment depends on timing of diagnosis,as well as extent of injury,and ranges from simple endoscopic management to complex surgical reconstruction under usage of pedicled grafts.While recent advances in ureteral tissue engineering are promising the topic is still underreported.Historically a domain of open surgery,laparoscopic and robotic-assisted approaches have proven their feasibility in small case series,and are increasingly being utilized as means of reconstructive surgery.This review aims to give an outline of incidence and treatment of ureteral injuries and strictures in light of the latest advances. | Philipp Gild Luis AKluth Malte WVetterlein Oliver Engel Felix KHChun Margit Fisch | 2018 | Asian Journal of Urology2018，5，2： | 14 |
| 17 | Complementary and alternative medicines in irritable bowel syndrome: An integrative view显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common gastrointestinal disorder with a high incidence in the general population.The diagnosis of IBS is mainly based on exclusion of other intestinal conditions through the absence of inflammatory markers and specific antigens.The current pharmacological treatment approaches available focus on reducing symptom severity while often limiting quality of life because of significant side effects.This has led to an effectiveness gap for IBS patients that seek further relief to increase their quality of life.Complementary and alternative medicines(CAM)have been associated with a higher degree of symptom management and quality of life in IBS patients.Over the past decade,a number of important clinical trials have shown that specific herbal therapies(peppermint oil and Iberogast?),hypnotherapy,cognitive behavior therapy,acupuncture,and yoga present with improved treatment outcomes in IBS patients.We propose an integrative approach to treating the diverse symptoms of IBS by combining the benefits of and need for pharmacotherapy with known CAM therapies to provide IBS patients with the best treatment outcome achievable.Initial steps in this direction are already being considered with an increasing number of practitioners recommending CAM therapies to their patients if pharmacotherapy alone does not alleviate symptoms sufficiently. | Oliver Grundmann Saunjoo L Yoon | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，2： | 13 |
| 18 | 重新平衡中国的增长:一种三管齐下的解决方案显示文摘这篇论文试图刻画对于中国而言正确的宏观经济战略的轮廓。简言之,我们认为解决方案包括降低储蓄特别是私人储蓄,增加服务的供给特别是医疗服务,以及人民币升值。这也正是我们为什么把这一战略称之为“三管齐下的解决方案”的原因,即同时在财政和预算方面采取行动,并且伴之以货币重新定值。美国麻省理工学院经济系访问教授,意大利伯可尼大学(Bocconi University,Milan) | Oliver Blanchard Francesco Giavazzi 张明(翻译) | 2006 | 世界经济2006，29，3： | 13 |
| 19 | Effect of longer battery life on small bowel capsule endoscopy显示文摘AIM:To determine if longer battery life improves capsule endoscopy(CE) completion rates.METHODS:A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary,university-affiliated hospital in Vancouver,Canada.Patients who underwent CE with either PillCamTM SB2 or SB2 U between 01/2010 and 12/2013 were considered for inclusion.SB2 and SB2 U share identical physical dimensions but differ in their battery lives(8 h vs 12 h).Exclusion criteria included history of gastric or small bowel surgery,endoscopic placement of CE,interrupted view of major landmarks due to technical difficulty or significant amount of debris,and repeat CE using same system.Basic demographics,comorbidities,medications,baseline bowel habits,and previous surgeries were reviewed.Timing of major landmarks in CE were recorded,and used to calculate gastric transit time,small bowel transit time,and total recording time.A complete CE study was defined as visualization of cecum.Transit times and completion rates were compared.RESULTS:Four hundred and eight patients,including 208(51.0%) males,were included for analysis.The mean age was 55.5 ± 19.3 years.The most common indication for CE was gastrointestinal bleeding(n =254,62.3%),followed by inflammatory bowel disease(n =86,21.1%).There was no difference in gastric transit times(group difference 0.90,95%CI:0.72-1.13,P =0.352) and small bowel transit times(group difference 1.07,95%CI:0.95-1.19,P =0.261) between SB2 U and SB2,but total recording time was about 14% longer in the SB2 U group(95%CI:10%-18%,P < 0.001) and there was a corresponding trend toward higher completion rate(88.2% vs 93.2%,OR =1.78,95%CI 0.88-3.63,P =0.111).There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of positive findings(OR =0.98,95%CI:0.64-1.51,P =0.918).CONCLUSION:Extending the operating time of CE may be a simple method to improve completion rate although it does not affect the rate of positive findings. | George Ou Neal Shahidi Cherry Galorport Oliver Takach Terry Lee Robert Enns | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，9： | 13 |
| 20 | Steatohepatitis: A tale of two “hits”?显示文摘 | Christopher P. Day Oliver F.W. James | 1998 | Gastroenterology1998，，4： | 12 |
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