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| 1 | Energy balance closure at ChinaFLUX sites显示文摘Network of eddy covariance observation is measuring long-term carbon and water fluxes in contrasting ecosystems and climates. As one important reference of independently evaluating scalar flux estimates from eddy covariance, energy balance closure is used widely in study of carbon and water fluxes. Energy balance closure in ChinaFLUX was evaluated by statistical regression of turbulent energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) against available energy (net radiation, soil heat flux, canopy heat storage) and the energy balance ratio (EBR) and the frequency distribution of relative errors of energy balance (δ). The trends of diurnal and seasonal variation of energy balance in ChinaFLUX were analyzed. The results indicated that the imbalance was prevalent in all observation sites, but there were little differences among sites because of the properties variation of sites. The imbalance was greater during nocturnal periods than daytime and closure was improved with friction velocity intensifying. Generally the results suggested that estimates of the scalar turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat were underestimated and/or that available energy was overestimated. Finally, we discussed certain factors that are contributed to the imbalance of energy, such as systematic errors associated with the sampling mismatch, systematic instrument bias, neglected energy sinks, low and high frequency loss of turbulent fluxes and advection of heat and water vapor. | LI Zhengquan, YU Guirui, WEN Xuefa, ZHANG Leiming, REN Chuanyou & FU Yuling Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Synthesis Research Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 50 |
| 2 | Advances in carbon flux observation and research in Asia显示文摘As an important component of FLUXNET, Asia is increasingly becoming the hotspot in global carbon research for its vast territory, complex climate type and vegetation diversity. The present three regional flux observation networks in Asia (i.e. AsiaFlux, KoFlux and ChinaFLUX)have 54 flux observation sites altogether, covering tropic rainforest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, shrubland, grassland, alpine meadow and cropland ecosystems with a latitudinal distribution from 2°N to 63°N. Long-term and continuous fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere are mainly measured with eddy covariance technique to (1) quantify and compare the carbon, water and energy budgets across diverse ecosystems; (2) quantify the environmental and biotic controlling mechanism on ecosystem carbon, water and energy fluxes; (3) validate the soil-vegetation-atmosphere model; and (4) serve the integrated study of terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycle. Over the last decades, great advancements have been made in the theory and technology of flux measurement, ecosystem flux patterns, simulation and scale conversion by Asian flux community. The establishment of ChinaFLUX has greatly filled the gap of flux observation and research in Eurasia. To further promote the flux measurement and research,accelerate data sharing and improve the data quality, it is necessary to present a methodological system of flux estimation and evaluation over complex terrain and to develop the integrated research that combines the flux measurement, stable isotope measurement, remote sensing observation and GIS technique. It also requires the establishment of the Joint Committee of Asian Flux Network in the Asia-Pacific region in order to promote the cooperation and communication of ideas and data by supporting project scientists, workshops and visiting scientists. | YU Guirui, ZHANG Leiming, SUN Xiaomin, FU Yuling & LI Zhengquan Synthesis Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 16 |
| 3 | Modeling gross primary production of a temperate grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China, using MODIS imagery and climate data显示文摘Carbon fluxes in temperate grassland ecosystems are characterized by large inter-annual variations due to fluctuations in precipitation and land water availability. Since an eddy flux tower has been in operation in the Xilin Gol grassland, which belongs to typical temperate grassland in North China, in this study, observed eddy covariance flux data were used to critically evaluate the biophysical per- formance of different remote sensing vegetation indices in relation to carbon fluxes. Furthermore, vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) was introduced to estimate gross primary production (GPP) of the grassland ecosystem for assessing its dependability. As defined by the input variables of VPM, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradimeter (MODIS) and standard data product MOD09A1 were downloaded for calculating enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI). Measured air temperature (Ta) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data were also included for model simulating. Field CO2 flux data, during the period from May, 2003 to September, 2005, were used to estimate the 'observed' GPP (GPPobs) for validation. The seasonal dynamics of GPP predicted from VPM (GPPVPM) was compared quite well (R2=0.903, N=111, p<0.0001) with the observed GPP. The ag- gregate GPPVPM for the study period was 641.5 g C·m?2, representing a ~6% over-estimation, compared with GPPobs. Additionally, GPP predicted from other two typical production efficiency model (PEM) represents either higher overestimation or lower underestimation to GPPobs. Results of this study demonstrate that VPM has potential for estimating site-level or regional grassland GPP, and might be an effective tool for scaling-up carbon fluxes. | WU WeiXing WANG ShaoQiang XIAO XiangMing YU GuiRui FU YuLing HAO YanBin | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，10： | 13 |
| 4 | Characterizing CO_2 fluxes for growing and non-growing seasons in a shrub ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘To assess carbon budget for shrub ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, CO2flux was measured with an open-path eddy covariance system for an alpine shrub ecosystem during growing and non-growing seasons. CO2 flux dynamics was distinct between the two seasons. During the growing season from May to September, the ecosystem exhibited net CO2uptake from 08:00 to 19:00 (Beijing Standard Time), but net CO2 emission from 19:00 to 08:00.Maximum CO2 uptake appeared around 12:00 with values of 0.71, 1.19, 1.46 and 0.67 g CO2m-2 h-1 for June, July, August and September, respectively. Diurnal fluctuation of CO2 flux showed higher correlation with photosynthetic photon flux density than temperature. The maximum net CO2 influx occurred in August with a value of 247 g CO2 m-2. The total CO2 uptake by the ecosystem was up to 583 g CO2 m-2 for the growing season. During the non-growing season from January to April and from October to December, CO2 flux showed small fluctuation with the largest net CO2 efflux of 0.30 g CO2 m-2 h-1 in April. The diurnal CO2 flux was close to zero during most time of the day, but showed a small net CO2 efflux from 11:00 to 18:00. Diurnal CO2 flux, is significantly correlated to diurnal temperature in the non-growing season. The maximum monthly net CO2 efflux appeared in April, with a value of 105 g CO2 m-2. The total net CO2 efflux for the whole non-growing season was 356 g CO2 m-2. | XU Shixiao, ZHAO Xinquan, FU Yuling, ZHAO Liang, LI Yingnian, CAO Guangmin, GU Song, WANG Qinxue & DU Mingyuan Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100136, China National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan National Institute for Agro-Environmental Science, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 12 |
| 5 | Effect of 1,2,4-triazole on galvanic corrosion between cobalt and copper in CMP based alkaline slurry显示文摘Cobalt has become a new type of barrier material with its unique advantages since the copper-interconnects in the great-large scale integrated circuits(GLSI)into 10 nm and below technical nodes,but cobalt and copper have severe galvanic corrosion during chemical–mechanical flattening.The effect of 1,2,4-triazole on Co/Cu galvanic corrosion in alkaline slurry and the control of rate selectivity of copper and cobalt were investigated in this work.The results of electrochemical experiments and polishing experiments had indicated that a certain concentration of 1,2,4-triazole could form a layer of insoluble and dense passive film on the surface of cobalt and copper,which reduced the corrosion potential difference between cobalt and copper.Meantime,the removal rate of cobalt and copper could be effectively controlled according to demand during the CMP process.When the study optimized slurry was composed of 0.5 wt%colloidal silica,0.1%vol.hydrogen peroxide,0.05 wt%FA/O,345 ppm1,2,4-triazole,cobalt had higher corrosion potential than copper and the galvanic corrosion could be reduced effectively when the corrosion potential difference between them decreased to 1 mV and the galvanic corrosion current density reached 0.02 nMeanwhile,the removal rate of Co was 62.396 nm/min,the removal rate of Cu was 47.328 nm/min,so that the removal rate ratio of cobalt and copper was 1.32:1,which was a good amendment to the dishing pits.The contact potential corrosion of Co/Cu was very weak,which could be better for meeting the requirements of the barrier CMP. | Lei Fu Yuling Liu Chenwei Wang Linan Han | 2018 | Journal of Semiconductors2018，39，4： | 4 |
| 6 | Colour compound lenses for a portable fluorescence microscope显示文摘In this article,we demonstrated a handheld smartphone fluorescence microscope(HSFM)that integrates dualfunctional polymer lenses with a smartphone.The HSFM consists of a smartphone,a field-portable illumination source,and a dual-functional polymer lens that performs both optical imaging and filtering.Therefore,compared with the existing smartphone fluorescence microscope,the HSFM does not need any additional optical filters.Although fluorescence imaging has traditionally played an indispensable role in biomedical and clinical applications due to its high specificity and sensitivity for detecting cells,proteins,DNAs/RNAs,etc.,the bulky elements of conventional fluorescence microscopes make them inconvenient for use in point-of-care diagnosis.The HSFM demonstrated in this article solves this problem by providing a multifunctional,miniature,small-form-factor fluorescence module.This multifunctional fluorescence module can be seamlessly attached to any smartphone camera for both bright-field and fluorescence imaging at cellular-scale resolutions without the use of additional bulky lenses/filters;in fact,the HSFM achieves magnification and light filtration using a single lens.Cell and tissue observation,cell counting,plasmid transfection evaluation,and superoxide production analysis were performed using this device.Notably,this lens system has the unique capability of functioning with numerous smartphones,irrespective of the smartphone model and the camera technology housed within each device.As such,this HSFM has the potential to pave the way for realtime point-of-care diagnosis and opens up countless possibilities for personalized medicine. | Bo Dai Ziao Jiao Lulu Zheng Hunter Bachman Yongfeng Fu Xinjun Wan Yule Zhang Yu Huang Xiaodian Han Chenglong Zhao Tony Jun Huang Songlin Zhuang Dawei Zhang | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Using a global reference sample set and a cropland map for area estimation in China显示文摘A technically transparent and freely available reference sample set for validation of global land cover mapping was recently established to assess the accuracies of land cover maps with multiple resolutions.This sample set can be used to estimate areas because of its equal-area hexagon-based sampling design.The capabilities of these sample set-based area estimates for cropland were investigated in this paper.A 30-m cropland map for China was consolidated using three thematic maps(cropland,forest and wetland maps)to reduce confusion between cropland and forest/wetland.We compared three area estimation methods using the sample set and the 30 m cropland map.The methods investigated were:(1)pixel counting from a complete coverage map,(2)direct estimation from reference samples,and(3)model-assisted estimation combining the map with samples.Our results indicated that all three methods produced generally consistent estimates which agreed with cropland area measured from an independent national land use dataset.Areas estimated from the reference sample set were less biased by comparing with a National Land Use Dataset of China(NLUD-C).This study indicates that the reference sample set can be used as an alternative source to estimate areas over large regions. | YULe LI XueCao LI CongCong ZHAO YuanYuan NIU ZhenGuo HUANG HuaBing WANG Jie CHENG YuQi LU Hui SI YaLi YU ChaoQing FU HaoHuan GONG Peng | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Modeling gross primary productivity for winter wheat-maize double cropping system using MODIS time series and CO2 eddy flux tower data显示文摘 | Yan Huimin Fu Yuling Xiao Xiangming | 2009 | Agriculture ecosystems & environment2009，129，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration is affected by prevailing climatic conditions and soil organic carbon content:a trans-China based case study显示文摘 | ZHENG Zemei YU Guirui FU Yuling | 2009 | Soil Biol Biochem2009，41，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Short and long term risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome 显示文摘 | Cynthia M Yuling Fu Lauer MS | 2006 | Am J Cardiol2006，48，： | 1 |
| 11 | A comparative study on the pollen viability and storage conditions of the nuclear and non - nuclear varieties显示文摘The fresh dried pollen of grape and seedless grape varieties were used as the research material. Each cultivar was stored at room temperature, 5 C, 0 C,-18 C and -40 C respectively. Sucrose 200g / L + boric acid 50mg / L + agar 8g / L as the nutrient substrate, and the comparative study on the germination and culture of the nuclear breed and the seedless cultivar. The results showed that the pollen viability decreased with the increase of storage time at diff erent temperatures. The pollen viability decreased at -18 C and -40 , and the pollen viability decreased at the same temperature The There was a signifi cant diff erence in pollen viability between diff erent cultivars at the beginning of storage, and the pollen viability of the kernel breed was higher than that of the seedless grape. | Shasha Tang Yuling Huang Xiao Fu | 2018 | Trends in Horticulture2018，1，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of vegetation control on e- cosystem water use efficiency within and among four grassland ecosys- tems in China显示文摘 | Hu Zhongmin Yu Guirui Fu Yuling | 2008 | Global Change Biology2008，，14： | 1 |
| 13 | Differentiating ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Nonischemic Causes of ST Elevation by Analyzing the Presenting Electrocardiogram显示文摘 | Jason B. Jayroe David H. Spodick Kjell Nikus John Madias Miguel Fiol Antoni Bayés De Luna Diego Goldwasser Peter Clemmensen Yuling Fu Anton P. Gorgels Samuel Sclarovsky Paul D. Kligfield Galen S. Wagner Charles Maynard Yochai Birnbaum | 2009 | The American Journal of Cardiology2009，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | International differences in evolution of early discharge after acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Padma Kaul L Kristin Newby Yuling Fu Daniel B Mark Robert M Califf Eric J Topol Phil Aylward Christopher B Granger Frans Van de Werf Paul W Armstrong | 2004 | The Lancet . 2004 (9408)2004，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Electrocardiographic identification of the culprit coronary artery in inferior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Mohammed Almansori Paul W. Armstrong Yuling Fu Padma Kaul | 2010 | Canadian Journal of Cardiology2010，，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Baseline Q-Wave Surpasses Time From Symptom Onset as a Prognostic Marker in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention显示文摘 | Paul W. Armstrong Yuling Fu Cynthia M. Westerhout Michael P. Hudson Kenneth W. Mahaffey Harvey D. White Thomas G. Todaro Peter X. Adams Philip E.G. Aylward Christopher B. Granger | 2009 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2009，，17： | 1 |
| 17 | The forgotten lead: Does aVR ST-deviation add insight into the outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients?显示文摘 | Aws Alherbish Cynthia M. Westerhout Yuling Fu Harvey D. White Christopher B. Granger Galen Wagner Paul W. Armstrong | 2013 | American Heart Journal2013，，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Body weights in Han Chinese populations显示文摘The body weights of 26,954 Han Chinese adults in 67 areas(16,503 in rural areas and 10,451 in urban areas) across China were measured from 2009 to2013.The results showed that in China,the three areas(north China,northeast China,and Jianghuai Plain) were with the greatest body weight.Northwest Han Chinese populations were heavier.Southwestern dialect groups were at the middle level and lighter than northern Han Chinese populations,but were heavier among southern Han Chinese populations.Chinese Han who located in areas of Hangjiahu were the general level,and similar to southwestern dialect groups.The mean values of body weight in Hunan Han and Fujian Han were greater than other Han groups in southern China.Gan dialect groups and Cantonese dialect groups showed the minimum body weightvalue in all Chinese Han groups.Besides,the mean body weight of Hakka was heavier than Gan dialect groups and Cantonese dialect groups which were adjacent to Hakka.Body weight increases with an increase in height,bone diameter,subcutaneous fat on the limbs and trunk,chest circumference,and abdomen circumference.This study revealed that northern Han men were heavier than southern Han men,because the former were taller and had a larger waist circumference as well as thicker subcutaneous fat on their backs.Among women,height,bone diameter of the upper limbs,chest and abdomen circumferences,and subcutaneous fat on the limbs and trunks of northern Han exceeded those of rural southern Han.Consequently,body weight values of northern Han women were higher than those of southern Han women.While a significant difference in these values was found between urban and rural men,no significant difference occurred between urban and rural women.Body weight was associated with age in urban and rural men only in the case of minority groups.However,there was a positive correlation between body weight and age in the majority groups of both urban and rural women.The particular composition of genes involved in body weight traits of Han populations across the country has created a genetic foundation accounting for varying body weights of different Han populations.Environmental factors also play a role.As the Han are widely dispersed,their habitation areas vary according to factors such as topography,temperature,precipitation,humidity,and light.Moreover,labor intensity,food composition,and the intake of various nutrients also differ across Han populations.All of these factors have affected the development of body weight in Han populations living in different locations. | Yonglan Li Lianbin Zheng Huanjiu Xi Keli Yu Shunhua Lu Jinyuan Tian Xue Song Jinping Bao Yuling Li Xinghua Zhang Youfeng Wen Fu Ren | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，35： | 1 |
| 19 | LiF/Co nanocomposite as a new Li storage material显示文摘 | ZHOU Yong-ning LIU Wen-yuan XUE Ming-zhe YULe WU Chang-liang WU Xiao-jing FU Zhen-wen | 2006 | Electrochemical and Solid-state Letters2006，9，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Research and design显示文摘 | Fu Yuling | 2012 | Nanchang Aviation University Journal ofprotocol analysis of network intrusion detection system based on2012，12，： | 1 |
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