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| 1 | 野生扬子鳄种群及栖息地现状研究显示文摘1999年 7~ 8月及 2 0 0 0年 8~ 9月 ,利用GPS、激光测距仪等 ,采用夜间灯光照射计数方法 ,对有野生扬子鳄(Alligatorsinensis)存在的安徽省宣州、泾县、广德、郎溪、南陵等 5县市的 2 6个地点进行了调查 ,包括扬子鳄国家级自然保护区的 13个指定保护点。结果发现 :目前野生扬子鳄主要生存在第一类栖息地 (1999年 5 0 .7%、2 0 0 0年40 .0 % ) ,面积为 17.38hm2 ;其他两类栖息地的野生扬子鳄分布比率较小 (各为 1999年 2 4.0 %、2 0 0 0年 30 .9%、1999年 2 5 .3%、2 0 0 0年 2 9.1% ) ,面积分别为 2 2 .0 4hm2 、19.0 3hm2 。两年的平均生态密度分别为 1.2 8条 /hm2和 1.79条 /hm2 ,野生扬子鳄种群数量为 145条。其种群已明显分为至少 18个数量不等且相互隔离的地方种群。建议恢复足够大的栖息地 ,并放饲养鳄于其中以重新建立有效野生种群。 | 丁由中 王小明 何利军 邵民 谢万树 Thorbjarnarson B John Mc Murry T Scott | 2001 | 生物多样性2001，9，2： | 33 |
| 2 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病临床前阶段的定义显示文摘阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会,但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生物标志物、流行病学和神经心理学的证据进行综述并提出建议,以确定能够预测由“正常”认知到轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)及AD痴呆的最佳预测指标。根据目前已有的主要科学证据,我们提出了一个概念性的框架和用于操作的研究标准,以通过纵向临床研究来验证和改进这些模型。这些建议仅用于研究目的,目前不涉及临床应用。我们希望这些建议能提供一个共识,以推进临床前AD的研究,最终推动更早期治疗干预的进展,使得一些疾病减缓药物的疗效发挥最大。 | Sperling RA Aisen PS Beckett LA Bennett DA Craft S Fagan AM Iwatsubo T Jack CR Jr Kaye J Montine TJ Park DC Reiman EM Rowe CC Siemers E Stern Y Yaffe K Carrillo MC Thies B Morrison-Bogorad M Wagster MV Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 郭起浩(译) 黄丽(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 邢怡(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 22 |
| 3 | Genomics identifies medulloblastoma subgroups that are enriched for specific genetic alterations显示文摘 | Thompson MC Fuller C Hogg TL Dalton J Finkelstein D Lau CC Chintagumpala M Adesina A Ashley DM KeUie SJ Taylor MD Curran T Gajjar A Gilbertson RJ | 2006 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2006，4，1： | 17 |
| 4 | Mouse embryos cloned from brain tumors显示文摘Cancer cells escape from growth cont rol by accumulating genetic and epig enetic alterations.In rare instances,epigenetic changes alone are oncogenic.Furthermore,a gents that modify DNA methylation or chromatin structure can restore a normal phenotype to cells harboring oncogenic mutations.How ever,it is unclear to what extent epi genetic reprogramming can reverse o ncogenesis.Using somatic nuclear transfer,we show that medul loblastomas arising in Ptc1+/-mice can direct preimplantation develop ment.Additionally,blastocysts derived from medullobl astoma nuclei form postimplantatio n embryos with typical cell layers.T hus,tumor cells can be epigenetically reprogrammed into n ormal cell types.This approach coul d lead to a general strategy for assessing genetic and epigenetic contributions to tumorigenesis. | Li L Connelly MC Wetmore C Curran T Morgan JI | 2003 | 癌症2003，22，7： | 11 |
| 5 | Nationwide trends and predictors of inpatient mortality in 83884 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt显示文摘AIM: To evaluate and validate the national trends and predictors of in-patient mortality of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) in 15 years.METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample which is a part of Health Cost and Utilization Project, we identified a discharge-weighted national estimate of 83884 TIPS procedures performed in the United States from 1998 to 2012 using international classification of diseases-9 procedural code 39.1. The demographic, hospital and co-morbility data were analyzed using a multivariant analysis. Using multi-nominal logistic regression analysis, we determined predictive factors related to increases in-hospital mortality. Comorbidity measures are in accordance to the Comorbidity Software designed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.RESULTS: Overall, 12.3% of patients died during hospitalization with downward trend in-hospitalmortality with the mean length of stay of 10.8 ± 13.1 d. Notable, African American patients(OR = 1.809 vs Caucasian patients, P < 0.001), transferred patients(OR = 1.347 vs non-transferred, P < 0.001), emergency admissions(OR = 3.032 vs elective cases, P < 0.001), patients in the Northeast region(OR = 1.449 vs West, P < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of inhospital mortality. Number of diagnoses and number of procedures showed positive correlations with in-hospital death(OR = 1.249 per one increase in number of procedures). Patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure(OR = 8.246), acute kidney failure(OR = 4.359), hepatic encephalopathy(OR = 2.217) and esophageal variceal bleeding(OR = 2.187) were at considerably higher odds of in-hospital death compared with ascites(OR = 0.136, P < 0.001). Comorbidity measures with the highest odds of in-hospital death were fluid and electrolyte disorders(OR = 2.823), coagulopathy(OR = 2.016), and lymphoma(OR = 1.842).CONCLUSION: The overall mortality of the TIPS procedure is steadily decreasing, though the length of stay has remained relatively constant. Specific patient ethnicity, location, transfer status, primary diagnosis and comorbidities correlate with increased odds of TIPS in-hospital death. | Edward Wolfgang Lee Andrew Kuei Sammy Saab Ronald W Busuttil Francisco Durazo Steven-Huy Han Mohamed M El-Kabany Justin P Mc Williams Stephen T Kee | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，25： | 7 |
| 6 | Hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment显示文摘The tumor microenvironment(TME) is complex and constantly evolving. This is due, in part, to the crosstalk between tumor cells and the multiple cell types that comprise the TME, which results in a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and TME cells. This review will focus on two stromal cell types, the cancerassociated adipocyte(CAA) and the cancer-associated fibroblast(CAF). In the clinic, the presence of CAAs and CAFs in the TME translates to poor prognosis in multiple tumor types. CAAs and CAFs have an activated phenotype and produce growth factors, inflammatory factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteases in an accelerated and aberrant fashion. Through this activated state, CAAs and CAFs remodel the TME, thereby driving all aspects of tumor progression, including tumor growth and survival, chemoresistance, tumor vascularization, tumor invasion, and tumor cell metastasis. Similarities in the tumorpromoting functions of CAAs and CAFs suggest that a multipronged therapeutic approach may be necessary to achieve maximal impact on disease. While CAAs and CAFs are thought to arise from tissues adjacent to the tumor, multiple alternative origins for CAAs and CAFs have recently been identified. Recent studies from our lab and others suggest that the hematopoietic stem cell, through the myeloid lineage, may serve as a progenitor for CAAs and CAFs. We hypothesize that the multiple origins of CAAs and CAFs may contribute to the heterogeneity seen in the TME. Thus, a better understanding of the origin of CAAs and CAFs, how this origin impacts their functions in the TME, and thetemporal participation of uniquely originating TME cells may lead to novel or improved anti-tumor therapeutics. | Ying Xiong Lindsay T Mc Donald Dayvia L Russell Ryan R Kelly Katie R Wilson Meenal Mehrotra Adam C Soloff Amanda C LaRue | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，2： | 6 |
| 7 | Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study显示文摘AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.METHODS:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 controls.All participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors.RESULTS:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's oesophagus.Fruit but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. | Lesley A Anderson RG Peter Watson Seamus J Murphy Brian T Johnston Harry Comber Jim Mc Guigan John V Reynolds Liam J Murray | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，10： | 5 |
| 8 | 蛋白酶和木聚糖酶对育肥猪的生长性能、营养消化率以及粪便气味的影响显示文摘菜籽粕(RSM)和小麦干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)作为副产物可应用到猪的日粮中。然而,与小麦和豆粕型日粮相比,RSM和DDGS中含有较高的非淀粉多糖(NSP),其可限制猪对日粮的有效利用。采用2×2因素试验设计研究生长育肥猪饲粮中添加木聚糖酶(0和200mg·kg-1)和蛋白酶(0和200mg·kg-1)对其生长性能、胴体品质、表观回肠消化率、全消化道养分消化率及粪便气体排放的影响及两种酶之间的相互作用。试验1,对猪的生长性能进行评估。将体重为34.2±2.1kg的育肥猪128头随机分配到4个处理组:以DDGS(300g·kg-1)和RSM(210g·kg-1)的基础日粮;基础日粮中添加蛋白酶200mg·kg-1;基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶200mg·kg-1;基础日粮中添加蛋白酶200mg·kg-1和木聚糖酶200mg·k-1。试验1中,在生长育肥-出栏期间(0~出栏),日粮中添加蛋白酶的试验猪较不添加蛋白酶的试验猪相比具有较低的平均日增重(ADG)(P〈0.001)。生长阶段(0—28d),蛋白酶和木聚糖酶对猪的日均采食量(ADFI,P〈0.01)和体重(BW,P〈0.01)的影响存在相互作用。在育肥阶段(28d~出栏),日粮中添加蛋白酶和木聚糖酶的试验猪与仅添加一种没酶的试验猪相比具有较低的ADFI和BW。然而,蛋白酶和木聚糖酶的相互作用在生长期间(0~28d)内并不显著。试验2,选择体重78±2.3kg公猪24只,将其置于代谢笼中进行代谢试验,试验期间按照试验l中的日粮进行饲喂。木聚糖酶和蛋白酶对总能(GE)中的AID存在相互作用(P〈0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加蛋白酶可以增加GE中的AID,但饲粮中添加两种酶时可降低GE中的AID。饲粮中添加木聚糖酶交不添加木聚糖组相比,猪粪便的臭气排放量降低(598和1306OuE/m3;P〈0.05)。研究表明,蛋白酶可提高GE的AID;木聚糖酶可以减少粪便异味的排放,然而当生长猪育肥以RSM和DDGS为基础饲粮时,两种酶均不能提高其生长性能。 | O'Shea C J Mc Alpine P O Solan P Curran T Varley P F Walsh A M Doherty J V O | 2014 | 饲料博览2014，0，10： | 4 |
| 9 | 活塞环、气缸套拉缸现象的调研、模拟和预防显示文摘活塞环外圆面和气缸套之间的拉缸是一个极难预测、难于重现但会导致发动机性能下降的现象。讨论在现场使用、发动机试验和台架试验后,硬质和软质气缸套与不同活塞环复层之间发生拉缸的冶金学和计量学(事后分析)检查的结果。详细的冶金学分析描述了不同温度和有、无润滑油条件下,各种活塞环复层和铸铁气缸套之间的润滑机理。叙述在上止点处,由于润滑剂缺乏或不足造成拉缸的原因,特别是强载柴油机硬化的铸铁气缸套。用Falex和LS9试验机进行试验室试验时,拉缸原因和随后的严重粘着磨损机理是通过摩擦系数和辐射噪声的测量来评定的。为了模拟现场使用和试验室快速试验后,活塞环和气缸套间相同的拉缸机理,开发了专用的试验研究法和测量技术。提供来自传统的和新型活塞环复层对硬质和软质气缸套,在不同温度、有或无润滑油情况下的摩擦学试验数据。最后介绍一种减少拉缸现象出现的活塞环新型复层。 | Shuster MM Stong T Deis MC 薛景渊 | 2000 | 国外内燃机2000，32，3： | 4 |
| 10 | FINITE ELEMENTS FOR THE LUBRICATED CONTACT BETWEEN SOLIDS IN METAL FORMING REOCESSES显示文摘In this paper, the lubrication problem in nmmerical sindation of forming processes is considered.After enumerationg the difficulties encountered when trying to solve such a problem with the finite element method, a generalization of the formaulation of Liu[4-6] for the thin film hydrodynamic lubrication re- gime is presented. This method is then aplied to a strip rolling simulation,using the Arbitrary La- grangian eulerian (ALE) formalism. | R. Boman and J. - P. Ponthot( LTAS - MC&T - Continuum Mechanics and Thermomechanics, University of Liege, Belgium) | 2000 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2000，13，1： | 3 |
| 11 | Thermal stability of SiC fibers (Nicalon) 显示文摘 | MAH T HECHT N L CULLUM D E Mc | 1984 | J Mater Sci1984，19，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Trauma-induced alterations in macrophage function显示文摘 | Mc Carler M D Mack V E Daly T M | 1998 | Surgery1998，123，： | 2 |
| 13 | Preventive chemotherapy for HIV-associated TB in Uganda: an operational assessment at a voluntary counseling and testing center显示文摘 | Raviglione MC Van Prang E | 1995 | AIDS1995，9，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Genetic risks for children of woman with myotonic dystrophy显示文摘 | Grimm T Harley HG | 1991 | Am J Hum Genet1991，48，： | 1 |
| 15 | Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains:evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance显示文摘 | Holden MT Feil EJ Lindsay JA Peacock SJ Day NP Enright MC Foster TJ Moore CE Hurst L Atkin R Barron A Bason N Bentley SD Chillingworth C Chillingworth T Churcher C Clark L Corton C Cronin A Doggett J Dowd L Feltwell T Hance Z Harris B Hauser H Holroyd S Jagels K James KD Lennard N Line A Mayes R Moule S Mungall K Ormond D Quail MA Rabbinowitsch E Rutherford K Sanders M Sharp S Simmonds M Stevens K Whitehead S Barrell BG Spratt BG Parkhill J | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，26： | 1 |
| 16 | Monocyte-chemotactic activity of defensins from hunan neulrophils显示文摘 | Territo MC Ganz T Seleted ME | 1989 | J Chin lnvesl1989，84，6： | 1 |
| 17 | The roles of Muscarinic re- ceptor subtypes in modulation of nasal ciliary action 显示文摘 | Yang B Mc Caffrey T V | 1996 | Rhinology1996，34，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Application of the modified Greenwood and Williamson contact model for the prediction of thermal contact resistance显示文摘 | Mc Waid T H | 1992 | Wear1992，152，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of adsorbents coated with titanium dioxide on the photocatalytic degradation of propoxur 显示文摘 | Lu MC Chen J N Chang K T etal | 1999 | Chemosphere1999，38，： | 1 |
| 20 | The neuroprotective effects of heat shock protein 27 overexpression in transgenic animals against kainate-induced seizures and hippocampal cell death 显示文摘 | Mohammed T Anna MC Keliu | 2003 | J Biol Chem2003，278，19： | 1 |
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