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| 1 | Treatment of hemorrhoids: A survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand显示文摘BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal disorder.Hemorrhoids can be classified as external or internal,according to their relation to the dentate line.External hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line and are managed conservatively unless the patient cannot keep the perianal region clean,or they cause significant discomfort.Internal hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line and can be managed according to the graded degree of prolapse,as described by Goligher.Generally,low-grade internal hemorrhoids are effectively treated conservatively,by non-operative measures,while high-grade internal hemorrhoids warrant procedural intervention.AIM To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of hemorrhoids and colorectal surgeon consensus in Australia and New Zealand.METHODS An online survey was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand using 17 guideline-based hypothetical clinical scenarios.RESULTS There were 82 respondents(40%)to 17 guideline-based scenarios.Nine(53%)reached consensus,of which only 1(6%)disagreed with the guidelines.This was based on low quality evidence for the management of acutely thrombosed external hemorrhoids.There were 8 scenarios which showed community equipoise(47%)and they were equally divided for agreeing or disagreeing with the guidelines.These topics were based on low and moderate levels of evidence.They included the initial management of grade I internal hemorrhoids,grade III internal hemorrhoids when initial management had failed and the patient had recognised risks factors for septic complications;and finally,the decision-making when considering patient preferences,including a prompt return to work,or minimal post-operative pain.CONCLUSION Although there are areas of consensus in the management of hemorrhoids,there are many areas of community equipoise which would benefit from further research. | George E Fowler Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Christopher John Young | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，22： | 8 |
| 2 | A Brief Report: The Use of High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation for Severe Pulmonary Contusion显示文摘 | Duane J. Funk Eugenio Lujan Eugene W. Moretti John Davies Christopher C. Young Mayur B. Patel Steven N. Vaslef | 2008 | The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care2008，，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Marcia S Brose Christopher M Nutting Barbara Jarzab Rossella Elisei Salvatore Siena Lars Bastholt Christelle de la Fouchardiere Furio Pacini Ralf Paschke Young Kee Shong Steven I Sherman Johannes W A Smit John Chung Christian Kappeler Carol Pe?a István Mo | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Epstein–Barr virus induction of the Hedgehog signalling pathway imposes a stem cell phenotype on human epithelial cells显示文摘 | Rebecca J Port Sonia Pinheiro‐Maia Chunfang Hu John R Arrand Wenbin Wei Lawrence S Young Christopher W Dawson | 2013 | J Pathol2013，，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Paroxysmal Lone Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated With an Abnormal Atrial Substrate显示文摘 | Martin K. Stiles Bobby John Christopher X. Wong Pawel Kuklik Anthony G. Brooks Dennis H. Lau Hany Dimitri Kurt C. Roberts-Thomson Lauren Wilson Paolo De Sciscio Glenn D. Young Prashanthan Sanders | 2009 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2009，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Chemopreventive Potential of Wild Lowbush Blueberry Fruits in Multiple Stages of Carcinogenesis显示文摘 | Tristan F. BurnsKraft Barbara M.Schmidt G.G.Yousef Christopher T.G.Knight MurielCuendet Young‐HwaKang John M.Pezzuto David S.Seigler Mary AnnLila | 2006 | Journal of Food Science2006，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | How to decide on stent insertion or surgery in colorectal obstruction?显示文摘Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in western society and malignant obstruction of the colon accounts for 8%-29% of all large bowel obstructions. Conventional treatment of these patients with malignant obstruction requiring urgent surgery is associated with a greater physiological insult on already nutritionally replete patients. Of late the utility of colonic stents has offered an option in the management of these patients in both the palliative and bridge to surgery setting. This has been the subject of many reviews which highlight its efficacy, particulary in reducing ostomy rates, allowing quicker return to oral diet, minimising extended post-operative recovery as well as some quality of life benefits. The uncertainity in managing patients with malignant colonic obstructions has lead to a more cautious use of stenting technology as community equipoise exists. Decision making analysis has demonstrated that surgeons' favored the use of stents in the palliative setting preferentially when compared to the curative setting where surgery was preferred. We aim to review the literature regarding the use of stent or surgery in colorectal obstruction, and then provide a discourse with regards to the approach in synthesising the data and applying it when deciding the appropriate application of stent or surgery in colorectal obstruction. | assad zahid christopher john young | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Altered distribution of interstitial cells and innervation in the rat urinary bladder following spinal cord injury显示文摘 | Louise Johnston Rebecca M.J. Cunningham John S. Young Christopher H. Fry Gordon McMurray Rachel Eccles Karen D. McCloskey | 2012 | Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine2012，，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program显示文摘 | Anique Ducharme Karl Swedberg Marc A. Pfeffer Alain Cohen-Solal Christopher B. Granger Aldo P. Maggioni Eric L. Michelson John J.V. McMurray Lars Olsson Jean L. Rouleau James B. Young Bertil Olofsson Margareta Puu Salim Yusuf | 2006 | American Heart Journal2006，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Production of spherical pellets by a hot-melt extrusion and spheronization process显示文摘 | Christopher R Young John J Koleng James W McGinity | 2002 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2002，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Colorectal surgeon consensus with diverticulitis clinical practice guidelines显示文摘AIM To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of diverticulitis and colorectal surgeon specialist consensus in Australia and New Zealand.METHODS A survey was distributed to 205 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand, using 22 hypothetical clinical scenarios.RESULTS The response rate was 102(50%). For 19 guidelinebased scenarios, only 11(58%) reached consensus(defined as > 70% majority opinion) and agreed with guidelines; while 3(16%) reached consensus and did not agree with guidelines. The remaining 5(26%) scenarios showed community equipoise(defined as less than/equal to 70% majority opinion). These included diagnostic imaging where CT scan was contraindicated, management options in the failureof conservative therapy for complicated diverticulitis, surgical management of Hinchey grade 3, proximal extent of resection in sigmoid diverticulitis and use of oral mechanical bowel preparation and antibiotics for an elective colectomy. The consensus areas not agreeing with guidelines were management of simple diverticulitis, management following the failure of conservative therapy in uncomplicated diverticulitis and follow-up after an episode of complicated diverticulitis. Fifty-percent of rural/regional based surgeons would perform an urgent sigmoid colectomy in failed conservative therapy of diverticulitis compared to only 8% of surgeons city-based(Fisher's exact test P = 0.016). In right-sided complicated diverticulitis, a greater number of those in practice for more than ten years would perform an ileocecal resection and ileocolic anastomosis(79% vs 41%, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION While there are areas of consensus in diverticulitis management, there are areas of community equipoise for future research, potentially in the form of RCTs. | Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Jonathan Hong Christopher John Young | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2017，9，11： | 0 |
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