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| 1 | Belowground carbon balance and carbon accumulation rate in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest显示文摘The balance, accumulation rate and temporal dynamics of belowground carbon in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest are obtained in this paper, based on long-term observations to the soil organic matter, input and standing biomass of litter and coarse woody debris, and dissolved organic carbon carried in the hydrological process of subtropical climax forest ecosystem—monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, and its two successional forests of natural restoration—coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and Pinus massoniana forest, as well as data of root biomass obtained once every five years and respiration measurement of soil, litter and coarse woody debris respiration for 1 year. The major results include: the belowground carbon pools of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and Pinus massoniana forest are 23191 ± 2538 g·m?2, 16889 ± 1936 g·m?2 and 12680 ± 1854 g·m?2, respec- tively, in 2002. Mean annual carbon accumulation rates of the three forest types during the 24a from 1978 to 2002 are 383 ± 97 g·m?2·a?1, 193 ± 85 g·m?2·a?1 and 213 ± 86 g·m?2·a?1, respectively. The belowground carbon pools in the three forest types keep increasing during the observation period, suggesting that belowground carbon pools are carbon sinks to the atmosphere. There are seasonal variations, namely, they are strong carbon sources from April to June, weak carbon sources from July to September; while they are strong carbon sinks from October to November, weak carbon sinks from December to March. | ZHOU Guoyi1, ZHOU Cunyu1, LIU Shuguang2, TANG Xuli1, OUYANG Xuejun1, ZHANG Deqiang1, LIU Shizhong1, LIU Juxiu1, YAN Junhua1, ZHOU Chuanyan1, LUO Yan1, GUAN Lili1 & LIU Yan1 1. Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China 2. SAIC, EROS Data Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，3： | 36 |
| 2 | An Internal State Variable Model for the Low Temperature Tempering of Low Alloy Steels显示文摘An internal state variable (ISV) framework is used to predict the rate and degree of strain relaxation associated with the stage I, low temperature tempering of martensite. A single variable tracks the change in volume between the tempered an untempered structures. The rate at which this occurs is taken to be a function of martensite fraction, temperature, degree of tempering, and carbon concentration. Experimental dilatometty data is used to both fit and validate the model. | Mark T. Lusk, Young-Kook Lee, Herng-Jeng Jou, William H. Elliott, Gerard M Ludtka 1.Materials Science Program, Division of Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO. U.S. 80401 2.Questek Innovations LCC, 1801 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL, U.S. 602 | 2000 | Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)2000，5，1： | 5 |
| 3 | EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE CALCULATION GUIDE显示文摘This paper presents a procedure for calculating the effective discharge for rivers with alluvial channels. An alluvial river adjusts the bankfull shape and dimensions of its channel to the wide range of flows that mobilize the boundary sediments. It has been shown that time-averaged river morphology is adjusted to the flow that, over a prolonged period, transports most sediment. This is termed the effective discharge. The effective discharge mayo be calculated provided that the necessary data are available or can be synthesized. The procedure for effective discharge calculation presented here is designed to have general applicability, have the capability to be applied consistently, and represent the effects of physical processes responsible for determining the channel. dimensions. An example of the calculations necessary and applications of the effective discharge concept are presented. | D. S. BIEDENHARN,C. R. THORNE, P.J.SOAR. ,R.D.HEY, and C. C. WATSONS 1 Engineer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA. 2Professor School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. 3 Prof | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，4： | 5 |
| 4 | APPLICABILITY OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT FORMULAS显示文摘The paper provides a comprehensive testing of the applicability of 13 sediment transport formulas under different flow and sediment conditions. The dimensionless parameters used for testing the reliability and sensitivity of formulas are dimensionless particle diameter, relative depth, Froude number, relative shear velocity, dimensionless unit stream power, and sediment concentration. A total of 3,391 sets of laboratory and river data are used in the tests. Engineers may find the test results useful to their selection of formulas under different flow and sediment conditions. | Chih Ted YANG and Caian HUANG Manager, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Technical Service Center, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado 80225. Graduate student, College of Harbour, Waterway and Coastal Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjin | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，3： | 4 |
| 5 | TIME EVOLUTION OF LOCAL SCOUR AT OBSTACLES PROTRUDING FROM CHANNEL SIDE WALLS显示文摘This paper deals with the effects of average flow velocity, obstacle length and sediment size on time evolution of scour depth near thin, vertical obstacles, protruding at right angle from movable bed channel side-walls. These effects are studied in the framework of the 'generalised equations' of Ettema (1980), Franzetti et al. (1982) and Whitehouse (1997). The results show that i) coefficients included in the first two equations depend on flow velocity as well as on obstacle length; ii) those coefficients are independent of bed material size; iii) the coefficients involved in the equation of Whitehouse (1997) are independent of flow velocity, obstacle length and bed material size. A new method for the evaluation of Whitehouse’s time scale was obtained and a new method for the characterisation of equilibrium time was established in the framework of the equation of Franzetti et al. (1982). | J. S. dos SANTOS and A. H. CARDOSO 1 Civil Engineer M. Sc. in Hydraulics and Water Resources, Project Engineer, ExxonMobil Production Company, U.S. East, P.O. Box 61707, New Orleans, Louisiana 70161-1707, U.S.A. E-mail: ahc@civil.ist.utl.pt 2 Associate | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，4： | 3 |
| 6 | Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: The Rotterdam Study显示文摘 | Francesco U.S. Mattace-Raso Tischa J.M. van der Cammen Albert Hofman Nicole M. van Popele Michiel L. Bos Maarten A.D.H. Schalekamp Roland Asmar Robert S. Reneman Arnold P.G. Hoeks Monique M.B. Breteler Jacqueline C.M. Witteman | 2006 | Circulation2006，，5： | 2 |
| 7 | 贝氏体相变的三面观显示文摘目前,三种不同的贝氏体定义正被广泛采用.第一种是显微组织的定义:贝氏体是非层状共析分解的产物.两种共析相通过扩散形核和长大相互竟争形成.第二是相变动力学定义(ORK):它是用铁碳合金的术语来描述贝氏体,通常用TTT图中两个重迭的C曲线来描述共析温度以下的奥氏体分解.高温C曲线代表珠光体相交,低温C曲线代表贝氏体相变,当等温转变温度接近贝氏体C曲线的上限温度,贝氏体相变越加不完全,最后在上限温度消失.第三种是表面浮突定义:贝氏体是在马氏体区域以上(有时也在以下)形成的片状转变产物,相变不是缓慢进行(由体扩散控制),就是以极快速率进行,在无约束的表面上产生不变平面应变.在本总结中,普遍化的显微组织定义得到历史的发展和相变机制的支持;ORK定义不能完全适用于钢,目前为止还不适用于有色合金,是一种比过去认识到的更复杂和特别的一组相变现象;广为认可的表面浮突定义在科学的证据上还有疑问。 | (The Physical Metallurgy Branch of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory) | 1994 | 材料研究学报1994，8，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Co(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) onto coir pith显示文摘 | Harshala Parab Shreeram Joshi Niyoti Shenoy Arvind Lali U.S. Sarma M. Sudersanan | 2005 | Process Biochemistry2005，，3： | 1 |
| 9 | National Energy Technology Laboratory显示文摘 | U.S. Department of Energy | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Guide-lines for preventing healthcareassociated pneumonia,2003 recommendations of the CDC and the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee显示文摘 | Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention(U.S.) | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 11 | Radiation Processed Amniotic Membranes in the Treatment of Non-Healing Ulcers of Different Etiologies显示文摘 | Rita Singh U.S. Chouhan Sumita Purohit Pallavi Gupta Pawan Kumar Ashok Kumar M.P. Chacharkar Dilip Kachhawa B.C. Ghiya | 2004 | Cell and Tissue Banking2004，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Prediction of hydrological drought durations based on Markov chains: case of the Canadian prairies显示文摘 | T.C. Sharma U.S. Panu | 2012 | Hydrological Sciences Journal2012，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults:recommendation statement显示文摘 | U.S. Preventive Services Task Force | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 14 | Use of lime and cement treated soils as pile supported load transfer platform显示文摘 | U.S. Okyay D. Dias | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Diagnosis and management of dental caries throughout life显示文摘 | National Institutes of Health(U.S.) | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 16 | Application of neural networks in generating processing map for hot working显示文摘 | P.S. Robi U.S. Dixit | 2003 | Journal of Materials Processing Tech2003，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Prediction of hydrological drought durations based on Markov chains: case of the Canadian prairies显示文摘 | T.C. Sharma U.S. Panu | 2012 | Hydrological Sciences Journal2012，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | A study of the chemical composition and transport of marine aerosols over the ocean near China显示文摘In this paper the authors cite the aerosol samples collected with a KA-200 Anderson cascade Impactor and a KB-120 sampler during the first cruise of the Kuroshio investigation operated by the People’s Republic of China and Japan cooperative program, from July 23 to August 21, 1987. The concentration size distributions and composition of marine aerosols over the Kuroshio area are analyzed. Neutron activation analysis is used to determine the elemental composition of the aerosols. The authors also discuss some characteristics of marine aerosols relating to long-range transport of crustal and anthropogenic elements from the continent to the remote ocean. Analytical results indicate that elements Al, Fe, Sc and Sb over this area are obviously influenced by the continent of Asia, and the size distributions are changed after long-range transport. The concentration of large particles increase. The concentrations of the elements C1 and Na are closely related to ocean conditions; the source of the elements Cl | Zhang Ni, Zhou Mingyu, Lu Naiping, F. P. Parungo, Wen Yupu, Yang Shaojing, Yang Yinan and Chen Binru National Research Center for Marine Environmental Forecasts, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, ChinaNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Air Resources Laboratory, Boulder,CO, U.S. A.Academy of Meteorological Sciences, State Meteorological Administration, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of High Energy Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China | 1991 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1991，10，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Buckle morphology of compressed inorganic thin layers on a polymer substrate显示文摘 | A.A. Abdallah D. Kozodaev P.C.P. Bouten J.M.J. den Toonder U.S. Schubert G. de With | 2005 | Thin Solid Films2005，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Arterial stiffness and hypertension in a large population of untreated individuals: the Rotterdam Study显示文摘 | Germaine C. Verwoert Oscar H. Franco Arnold P.G. Hoeks Robert S. Reneman Albert Hofman Cornelia M. v Duijn Eric J.G. Sijbrands Jacqueline C.M. Witteman Francesco U.S. Mattace-Raso | 2014 | Journal of Hypertension2014，，8： | 1 |
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