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| 1 | 他汀、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉粥样硬化消退显示文摘背景:他汀类药物可以降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low—density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL—C)水平并减缓冠状动脉粥样硬化的进展。然而,对于他汀类药物所致高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high—density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL—C)变化与疾病进展的关系,目前仍无相关数据描述。目的:了解LDL—C和HDL—C水平变化与动脉粥样硬化的相互关系。设计、地点及患者:对4项前瞻性随机试验(1999~2005年在美国、北美、欧洲和澳大利亚进行)的原始数据进行事后分析。其中1455例经血管造影证实的冠心病患者在接受他汀治疗(18个月或24个月)时进行了系列血管内超声扫描。所有超声分析均在相同的核心实验室中进行。主要观测指标:脂蛋白水平变化与冠状动脉粥样斑块体积的相互关系。结果:他汀治疗期间,LDL—C平均(SD)水平从124.0(38.3)mg,/dL(3.2[0.99]mmol/L)降至87.5(28.8)mg,/dL(2.3[0.75]mmol/L)(下降23.5%;P〈0.001),HDL—C水平从42.5(11.0)mg/dL(1.1[0.28]mmol/L)升至45.1(11.4)mg/dL(1.2[0.29]mmol/L)(上升7.5%;P〈0.001)。LDL—C与HDL—C比值从平均(SD)3.0(1.1)降至2.1(0.9)(下降26.7%;P〈0.001)。这些变化同时伴随平均(SD)百分粥样斑块体积的增加(从39.7%[9.8%]增至40.1%[9.7%])(增加0.5%[3.9%];P=0.001)以及平均(SD)总粥样斑块体积的减小(2.4[23.6]mm^3;P〈0.001)。在单变量分析中,LDL—C、总胆固醇、非HDL胆固醇、载脂蛋白B以及载脂蛋白B与载脂蛋白A-1比值平均水平和治疗引起的变化与动脉粥样硬化进展速率显著相关,而治疗所致HDL—C变化则与动脉粥样斑块体积负相关。在多变量分析中,平均LDL—C水平(β系数,0.11[95%可信区间,0.07~0.15])以及HDL—C升高(β系数,-0.26[95%可信区间,-0.41--0.10])依然为动脉粥样硬化消退的独立预测因子。动脉硬化显著消退(动脉粥样斑块体积减少≥5%)见于治疗期间LDL—C水平低于均值(87.5mg/dL)和HDL—C升高百分比大于均值(7.5%;P〈0.001)的患者。临床事件的发生未见显著差异。结论:在LDL—C显著降低以及HDL上升〉7.5%时,他汀治疗与冠状动脉粥样硬化消退相关。这些结果提示他汀治疗的获益源自致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白的降低以及HDL.C的升高。尽管血脂水平的这些变化与动脉粥样硬化消退相关,但是后者是否可以转化为临床事件的显著减少,并改善临床预后仍有待进一步研究确定。 | Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD E. Murat Tuzcu, MD IIke Sipahi, MD Adam W. Grasso, MD Paul Schoenhagen, MD Tingfei Hu, MS Kathy Wolski, MPH Tim Crowe, BS Milind Y. Desai, MD Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD Samir R. Kapadia, MD Steven E. Nissen, MD 李呈亿(译) | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，3： | 48 |
| 2 | Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies显示文摘当前,全球石块燃料排出物的一个大比例从象发电或工业过程那样的大点来源发源。这个趋势被期望继续直到一年 2030 并且在以外。碳俘获和存储( CCS ),一条直接、有效的碳减小途径,如果,将在从这些来源把排出物简化为未来起一个重要作用大气的二氧化碳(公司2)排出物将被稳定,全球温暖下面限制 2 的阀值?????飫?鎳????鄿????咑?些讬鶝麪鄿顉??????吗鶬???亘???额??鞬??鎬??銮隬?鄿酕????锿????????鐿???嶑?鞪??鷛醳?钅??????鮵??黛?鲘颣??頿顈顉忬?忬?? | Kathryn A. MUMFORD Yue WU Kathryn H. SMITH Geoffrey W. STEVENS | 2015 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2015，9，2： | 16 |
| 3 | The impact of minimally invasive surgeries for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia on male sexual function: a systematic review显示文摘使随机化的控制试用和队研究的系统的评论被进行在男性功能上为征兆的良性的 prostatic 增生(BPH ) 的处理为最低限度地侵略的过程的效果评估数据。寻找的研究是与征兆的 BPH 注册了人的试用与激光手术,经尿道的微波治疗( TUMT ),前列腺(金枪鱼)的经尿道的针脱离,前列腺( TEAP )的经尿道的乙醇脱离和高紧张的频率超声( HIFU )被对待,与前列腺( TURP )或假冒的操作的传统的经尿道的切除术比较。72 研究的一个总数被识别,哪个 33 满足了包括标准。33 研究, 21 涉及了激光手术,六与 TUMT,四与金枪鱼并且二与包含信息考虑的 TEAP 男性功能。没有学习关于为男性功能上的 BPH 的 HIFU 的效果是可得到的。我们的分析证明为 BPH 的最低限度地侵略的手术在男可勃起的功能上 TURP 有可比较的效果到那些。一起,分别地,不到 15.4% 病人或 15.2% 将在激光过程, TUMT 和金枪鱼以后可勃起的功能有减少或增加。是与 TURP 观察了,射精的机能障碍(EjD ) 的高发生在有钬, potassium-titanyl-phosphate 和铥激光治疗的 BPH 的治疗以后是普通的(>33.6%) 。TUMT,金枪鱼和 neodymium:yttrium 铝石榴石为 BPH 的视觉激光脱离或空隙的激光凝结有更少的发生 EjD,而是这些过程为 BPH 治疗被认为更少有效什么时候与 TURP 相比。 | Ryan W. Frieben Hao-Cheng Lin Peter E Hinh Francesco Berardinelli Steven E. Canfield Run Wang | 2010 | Asian Journal of Andrology2010，12，4： | 13 |
| 4 | Laparoscopic Colectomy for Cancer Is Not Inferior to Open Surgery Based on 5-Year Data From the COST Study Group Trial显示文摘 | James Fleshman Daniel J. Sargent Erin Green Mehran Anvari Steven J. Stryker Robert W. Beart Michael Hellinger Richard Flanagan Walter Peters Heidi Nelson | 2007 | Annals of Surgery2007，，4： | 7 |
| 5 | The use of multiple novel tumor biomarkers for the detection of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a pelvic mass显示文摘 | Richard G. Moore Amy K. Brown M. Craig Miller Steven Skates W. Jeffrey Allard Thorsten Verch Margaret Steinhoff Geralyn Messerlian Paul DiSilvestro C.O. Granai Robert C. Bast | 2007 | Gynecologic Oncology2007，，2： | 7 |
| 6 | 美国国家卒中协会短暂性脑缺血发作处理指南显示文摘目的:短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)是常见和重要的卒中先兆。其处理方法多样,大多数发表的指南在近年来均未被更新。我们试图制定一个全面的、无偏倚的、循证的TIA处理指南。方法:根据一种客观标准(可以预测在该研究领域中执业医师对专家提名的文献测量学方法)挑选出15名专家组成员。通过系统回顾检索到过去发表的指南,由专家对其中的推荐意见的质量进行独立评价。选择出质量最高的推荐意见,然后让专家组采用改良Delphi法通过多次问卷调查的方式进行修订,从而对新的修改达成共识。给专家们提供近期临床研究的系统评价,要求专家根据新的证据判断措辞修改的合理性并且根据证据等级和质量对最终的推荐意见进行评定。不允许专家在预期有可能存在任何利益冲突的专题方面提出推荐意见。结果:通过系统回顾检索到257个指南,其中有13篇文献包括的137条推荐意见符合所有纳入标准。需要6次重复的问卷调查对53条最终推荐意见的措辞达成共识。最终的推荐意见涉及TIA的初步处理、评价、内科治疗、外科治疗和危险因素控制。结论:对TIA患者医疗诊治的最终推荐意见强调了紧急评价和治疗的重要性。这种用于制定本指南的新方法是可行的,考虑到了快速更新并能减少偏倚。 | S. Claiborne Johnston Mai N. Nguyen-Huynh Miriam E. Schwarz Kate Fuller Christina Williams S. Andrew Josephsort Graeme J. Hankey Robert G. Hart Steven R. Levine Jose Biller Robert D. Brown Ralph L. Sacco L. Jaap Kappelle Peter J. Koudstaal Julien Bogousslavsky Louis R. Caplan Jan van Gijn Ale Algra Peter M. Rothwell Harold P. Adams Gregory W. Albers 李海峰(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007，15，3： | 5 |
| 7 | Expression and Chromosomal Mapping of Mouse Gpx2 Gene Encoding the Gastrointestinal Form of Glutathione Peroxidase, GPX-GI显示文摘GPX-GI is a cytosolic tetrameric Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, similar in properties to GPX-1. Unlike the almost ubiquitous GPX-1, GPX-GI is mainly expressed in the epithelium of gastrointestinal tract. GPX-GI contributes to at least fifty percent of GPX activity in rodent small intestmal epithelium. The total GPX activity consists of at least 70% of selenium-dependent GPX activity in this compartment.By analyzing a panel of mouse mterspecies DNA from the Jackson Laboratory’s backcross resource,we mapped Gpx2 gene to mouse chromosome 12 between D12Mit4 and D12Mit5, near the Ccs1 locus which contains a colon cancer susceptibility gene. A pseudogene, Gpx2-ps is mapped to mouse chromosome 7.Comparison of Gpx2 gene expression in three pairs of C57BL/6Ha and ICR/Ha mice which are respectively resistant and sensitive to dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer, we found a higher Gpx2 mRNA level in C57BL/6Ha colon than ICR/Ha colon. Interestingly, a lower level of GPX activity is found in the resistant strain of mice. Because GPX-1 has three times higher specific activity than GPX GI, our data suggest that the decreased GPX activity may result from a higher level of Gpx2 gene expression in those cells co-express GPx1 | FONG-FONG CHU R. STEVEN ESWORTHY YE SHIH HO MARGIT BERMEISTER KRISTINE SWIDEREK AND ROSEMARY W. ELLIOTT(Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Midical Center, Duarte,CA91010, USA Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics,Mintal Health Research | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 5 |
| 8 | Ternary Ni-Co-Fe oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution catalysts:Intrinsic activity trends,electrical conductivity,and electronic band structure显示文摘Nickel-,cobalt-,and iron-based(oxy)hydroxides comprise the most-commonly studied electrocatalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline solution.A fundamental understanding of composition-structure-activity relationships for mixed-metal Ni-Co and Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides is important to guide the design of advanced OER catalysts.Here we use cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry,inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy,and in situ electrical conductivity measurements to characterize the properties and activity of various compositions of Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides prepared by cathodic co-electrodeposition.Consistent with previous studies,we find Fe is essential for the mixed-metal(oxy)hydroxides to achieve high OER activity.In the rigorous absence of Fe(achieved by using specially cleaned electrolytes),the most-active Ni-Co(oxy)hydroxide composition has an OER turn-over frequency only twice that ofpure Co(oxy)hydroxide,suggesting minimal synergism between the two metals.The addition of Co to Ni-Fe(oxy)hydroxides shifts the onset of electrical conductivity to lower potentials,but has little effect on the intrinsic OER activity,with the most-active Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxide having an OER turn-over frequency only -1.5 times that of the Ni-Fe(oxy)hydroxides.The magnitudes of the electrical conductivities are similar for all the compositions measured.Density-functional-theory-calculated projected density of states show a significant contribution of all chemical elements at the valence band edge of the mixed-metal oxyhydroxide electronic structure,demonstrating significant electronic hybridization between the elements.The calculations suggest the involvement of all the elements in modulating the electronic structure at putative Fe-based active sites that are probably located at edges or defects in the two-dimensional oxyhydroxide sheets. | Michaela Burke Stevens Lisa J. Enman Ester Hamal Korkus Jeremie Zaffran Christina D. M. Trang James Asbury Matthew G. Kast Maytal Caspary Toroker Shannon W. Boettcher | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，9： | 5 |
| 9 | Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Need for Standardization and Methods for Optimal Clinical Trial Design显示文摘 | Matthew H. G. Katz Robert Marsh Joseph M. Herman Qian Shi Eric Collison Alan P. Venook Hedy L. Kindler Steven R. Alberts Philip Philip Andrew M. Lowy Peter W. T. Pisters Mitchell C. Posner Jordan D. Berlin Syed A. Ahmad | 2013 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2013，，8： | 4 |
| 10 | TG13 flowchart for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis显示文摘 | Fumihiko Miura Tadahiro Takada Steven M. Strasberg Joseph S. Solomkin Henry A. Pitt Dirk J. Gouma O. James Garden Markus W. Büchler Masahiro Yoshida Toshihiko Mayumi Kohji Okamoto Harumi Gomi Shinya Kusachi Seiki Kiriyama Masamichi Yokoe Yasutoshi Kimura | 2013 | Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences2013，，1： | 4 |
| 11 | A Versatile Phenotyping System and Analytics Platform Reveals Diverse Temporal Responses to Water Availability in Setaria显示文摘Phenotyping 在使用大规模 genomic 数据理解并且改善农业庄稼成为了限制率的步。这里,为控制环境植物生长的系铃羊 Phenotyping 站台和 automatedmultimodal phenotyping 被描述。系统为 1140 植物有能力,它每天通过车站过去记录荧光,在红外线附近、可见的图象。植物计算机视觉(PlantCV ) 作为公开源码被开发,硬件为量的图象分析的与平台无关的软件。在一个 4 星期的实验,野 Setaria viridisand 驯养了 Setaria italica 有根本上不同的时间的回答浇可获得性。当两根线在有限的水条件下面生产了生物资源的类似的层次时, Setaria viridis 在水下面维持了一样的水使用效率饱满条件,当 Setaria italica 变了到不太有效的生长时。总的来说,系铃羊 Phenotyping 平台和 PlantCV 软件在高度,生物资源,水使用效率,颜色,植物建筑学,和织物水上检测了 genotypeand 环境的重要效果地位特点。在实验的功课期间获得的所有 ∼79000 图象是公开可得到的。 | Noah Fahlgren Maximilian Feldman Malia A. Gehan Melinda S. Wilson Christine Shyu Douglas W. Bryant Steven T. Hill Colton J. McEntee ankalpi N. Warnasooriya Indrajit Kumar Tracy Ficor Stephanie Turnipseed Kerrigan B. Gilbert Thomas P. Brutnell James C. Carrington Todd C. Mockler Ivan Baxter | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，10： | 4 |
| 12 | Methane Emissions from Grazing Holstein-Friesian Heifers at Different Ages Estimated Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride Tracer Technique显示文摘动物和日粮因素对牛肠道甲烷排放量影响的相关研究已经很普遍,但是关于放牧青年奶牛的甲烷排放量的可参考数据较少。本研究评估了荷斯坦奶牛在多年生黑麦草草地放牧时的生理状态对甲烷排放量的影响,分别进行了以下两个试验:试验1从2011年5月开始,为期11个星期,试验2从2011年8月开始,为期10个星期。在每个试验中,将荷斯坦奶牛分成三个处理组(每组12头),分别由小牛犊、一岁的母牛犊和妊娠母牛组成(平均年龄分别为8.5、14.5和20.5月龄)。在每个试验的最后一个星期利用六氟化硫示踪技术预估每头牛的甲烷排放量。干物质摄入量由代谢能需要量除以牧草中的代谢能含量计算而得。正如预期一样,活体重随年龄的增加而增加(P<0.001),然而试验1中三个分组的体增重没有差异,试验2中的体增重随着年龄增加有不同程度的减少(P<0.001)。在试验1中,妊娠母牛高于小牛犊的甲烷排放量(P<0.001),而一岁母牛犊的甲烷排放量最高(g·d^(-1))。当用单位活体重、干物质摄入量和总能摄入量表示甲烷排放量时,一岁母牛犊比小牛犊和妊娠母牛的排放速率更高(P<0.001)。在试验2中,甲烷排放量(g·d^(-1))随着年龄增加呈线性上升(P<0.001),但是这种差异在一岁母牛犊和妊娠母牛中并不显著。妊娠母牛的甲烷/活体重的比值低于另外两组(P<0.001),小牛犊的总能摄入量中甲烷能量输出的比值低于一岁母牛犊和妊娠母牛(P<0.05)。根据所有数据建立甲烷排放量的预测方程。所有关系均为显著(P<0.001),R2值的分布范围为0.630~0.682。这些模型表明:每增加1 kg活体重,甲烷排放量增加0.252 g·d^(-1);每增加1 kg·d^(-1)干物质摄入量,甲烷排放量增加14.9 g·d^(-1);每增加1 MJ·d^(-1)总能摄入量,甲烷能量输出增加0.046 MJ·d^(-1)。当实际甲烷排放量不可测时,这些结果为我们提供了预估放牧母牛甲烷排放量的另一种方法。 | Steven J. Morrisonn Judith McBride Alan W. Gordon Alastair R. G. Wylie Tianhai Yan | 2017 | Engineering2017，3，5： | 4 |
| 13 | Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Patterns of Spread, the Importance of Hepatic Resection for Curative Operation, and a Presurgical Clinical Staging System显示文摘 | Edmund C. Burke William R. Jarnagin Steven N. Hochwald Peter W. T. Pisters Yuman Fong Leslie H. Blumgart | 1998 | Annals of Surgery1998，，3： | 3 |
| 14 | Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm显示文摘 | Qiaozhen Mu Maosheng Zhao Steven W. Running | 2011 | Remote Sensing of Environment2011，，8： | 3 |
| 15 | A novel multiple marker bioassay utilizing HE4 and CA125 for the prediction of ovarian cancer in patients with a pelvic mass显示文摘 | Richard G. Moore D. Scott McMeekin Amy K. Brown Paul DiSilvestro M. Craig Miller W. Jeffrey Allard Walter Gajewski Robert Kurman Robert C. Bast Steven J. Skates | 2008 | Gynecologic Oncology2008，，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Notch mediates TGFα-induced changes in epithelial differentiation during pancreatic tumorigenesis显示文摘 | Yoshiharu Miyamoto Anirban Maitra Bidyut Ghosh Ulrich Zechner Pedram Argani Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue Virote Sriuranpong Tatsuya Iso Ingrid M. Meszoely Michael S. Wolfe Ralph H. Hruban Douglas W. Ball Roland M. Schmid Steven D. Leach | 2003 | Cancer Cell2003，，6： | 3 |
| 17 | Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholangitis: Tokyo Guidelines显示文摘 | Keita Wada Tadahiro Takada Yoshifumi Kawarada Yuji Nimura Fumihiko Miura Masahiro Yoshida Toshihiko Mayumi Steven Strasberg Henry A. Pitt Thomas R. Gadacz Markus W. Büchler Jacques Belghiti Eduardo de Santibanes Dirk J. Gouma Horst Neuhaus Christos Derven | 2007 | Journal of Hepato - Biliary - Pancreatic Surgery2007，，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data显示文摘 | Qiaozhen Mu Faith Ann Heinsch Maosheng Zhao Steven W. Running | 2007 | Remote Sensing of Environment2007，，4： | 2 |
| 19 | A Simple, Cost-effective Method of Preventing Laryngoscope Handle Contamination显示文摘 | Michael J. Tobin G. W. Stevenson Steven C. Hall | 1995 | Anesthesiology1995，，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Model for end-stage liver disease and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score as predictors of pretransplantation disease severity, posttransplantation outcome, and resource utilization in United Network for Organ Sharing status 2A patients显示文摘 | Robert S. Brown K.Shiva Kumar Mark W. Russo Milan Kinkhabwala Dianne L. Rudow Patricia Harren Steven Lobritto Jean C. Emond | 2002 | Liver Transplantation2002，，3： | 2 |
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