| 1 | ζ-Carotene Isomerase Suppresses Tillering in Rice through the Coordinated Biosynthesis of Strigolactone and Abscisic Acid显示文摘Rice tillering is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield.Here,we identified a high-tillering mutant tillering20(t20),which could be restored to the wild type by treatment with the strigolactone(SL)analog rac-GR24.T20 encodes a chloroplast ζ-carotene isomerase(Z-ISO),which is involved in the biosynthesis of ca-rotenoids and their metabolites,SL and abscisic acid(ABA).The t20 mutant has reduced SL and ABA,raising the question of how SL and ABA biosynthesis is coordinated,and whether they have overlapping functions in tillering.We discovered that rac-GR24 stimulated T20 expression and enhanced all-trans-p-carotene biosynthesis.Importantly,rac-GR24 also stimulated expression of Oryza sativa 9-CIS-EPOXY-CAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 1(OsNCED1)through induction of Oryza sativa HOMEOBOX12(0sHOX12),promoting ABA biosynthesis in shoot base.On the other hand,ABA treatment significantly repressed SL biosynthesis and the ABA biosynthetic mutants displayed elevated SL biosynthesis.ABA treatment reduced the number of basal tillers in both t20 and wild-type plants.Furthermore,while ABA-deficient mu-tants aba1 and aba2 had the same number of basal tillers as wild type,they had more unproductive upper tillers at maturity.This work demonstrates complex interactions in the biosynthesis of carotenoid,SLs and ABA,and reveals a role for ABA in the regulation of rice tillering. | Xue Liu Qingliang Hu Jijun Yan Kai Sun Yan Liang Meiru Jia Xiangbing Meng Shuang Fang Yiqin Wang Yanhui Jing Guifu Liu Dianxing Wu Chengcai Chu Steven M.Smith Jinfang Chu Yonghong Wang Jiayang Li Bing Wang | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，12： | 11 |
| 8 | Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development显示文摘Hydropower production is one of the greatest threats to fluvial ecosystems and freshwater biodiversity.Now that we have entered the Anthropocene,there is an opportunity to reflect on what might constitute a‘sustainable’Anthropocene in the context of hydropower and riverine fish populations.Considering elements of existing practices that promote favorable social-ecological outcomes(i.e.,‘bright spots’)is timely given that there are plans to expand hydropower capacity in previously undammed rivers,intensify dam development in some of the world's largest river systems,and re-license existing facilities.We approach this from a pragmatic perspective:for the foreseeable future,hydropower will likely remain an important source of renewable electricity.To offer support for moving toward a more‘sustainable’Anthropocene,we provide syntheses of best practices during the siting,design,construction,operation,and compensation phases of hydropower development to minimize impacts on inland fish.For each phase,we offer positive examples(or what might be considered‘bright spots’)pertaining to some of the approaches described within our syntheses,acknowledging that these projects may not be viewed as without ecological and(or)societal detriment by all stakeholders.Our findings underscore the importance of protecting critical habitat and free-flowing river reaches through careful site selection and basinscale planning,infrastructure designs that minimize reservoir effects and facilitate safe passage of fish,construction of hydropower plants using best practices that minimize long-term damage,operating guidelines that mimic natural flow conditions,and compensation that is lasting,effective,inclusive,and locally relevant.Learning from these‘bright spots’may require engagement of diverse stakeholders,professionals,and governments at scales that extend well beyond a given site,river,or even basin.Indeed,environmental planning that integrates hydropower development into broader discussions of conserving regional biodiversity and ecosystem services will be of utmost importance. | William M.Twardek Ian G.Cowx Nicolas W.R.Lapointe Craig Paukert T.Douglas Beard Elena M.Bennett David Browne Andrew K.Carlson Keith D.Clarke Zeb Hogan Kai Lorenzen Abigail J.Lynch Peter B.McIntyre Paulo Pompeu Mark Rogers Alexis Sakas William W.Taylor Taylor D.Ward Zeenatul Basher Steven J.Cooke | 2022 | Water Biology and Security2022，1，1： | 0 |
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