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| 1 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial显示文摘 | Matthew T Seymour Sarah R Brown Gary Middleton Timothy Maughan Susan Richman Stephen Gwyther Catherine Lowe Jennifer F Seligmann Jonathan Wadsley Nick Maisey Ian Chau Mark Hill Lesley Dawson Stephen Falk Ann O’Callaghan Kim Benstead Philip Chambers Alfred | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，8： | 6 |
| 3 | Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria are structured by geography in biological soil crusts across North American arid lands显示文摘Introduction:Biological soil crusts(BSCs)can dominate surface cover in dry lands worldwide,playing an integral role in arid land biogeochemistry,particularly in N fertilization through fixation and cycling.Nitrification is a characteristic and universal N transformation in BSCs that becomes important for the export of N beyond the microscopic bounds of the crust itself.The contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)in BSCs has been shown,but the role and extent of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)have not.Methods:We sampled various types of crusts in four desert regions across the western United States and characterized the composition and size of ammonia-oxidizing communities using clone libraries and quantitative PCR targeting the amoA gene,which codes for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme,universally present in ammonia-oxidizing microbes.Results:All archaeal amoA sequences retrieved from BSCs belonged to the Thaumarchaeota(Nitrososphaera associated Group I.1b).Sequences from the Sonoran Desert,Colorado Plateau,and Great Basin were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from those of the Chihuahuan Desert.Based on amoA gene abundances,archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers were ubiquitous in our survey,but the ratios of archaeal to bacterial ammonia oxidizers shifted from bacterially dominated in northern,cooler deserts to archaeally dominated in southern,warmer deserts.Conclusions:Archaea are shown to be potentially important biogeochemical agents of biological soil crust N cycling.Conditions associated with different types of BSCs and biogeographical factors reveal a niche differentiation between AOA and AOB,possibly driven by temperature. | Yevgeniy Marusenko Scott T Bates Ian Anderson Shannon L Johnson Tanya Soule Ferran Garcia-Pichel | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Primary phacoemulsification for uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma 1 1 None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.显示文摘 | Timothy V Roberts Ian C Francis Sam Lertusumitkul Medduma B Kappagoda Minas T Coroneo | 2000 | Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery2000，，7： | 3 |
| 5 | CD133 expression is not restricted to stem cells, and both CD133^sup +^ and CD133^sup -^ metastatic colon cancer cells initiate tumors显示文摘 | Shmelkov Sergey V Butler Jason M Hooper Andrea T Hormigo Adilia Kushner Jared Milde Till Clair Ryan St Baljevic Muhamed White Ian Jin David K Chadburn Amy Murphy Andrew J Valenzuela David M Gale Nicholas W Thurston Gavin Yancopoulos George | 2008 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2008，，： | 2 |
| 6 | 在 7T 的多原子的磁性的回声光谱学的应用显示文摘 AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism.made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS respectively. RESULTS: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these me-tabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P < 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and refeeding. Glycogen levels were sig-nificantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the study. CONCLUSION: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies. | Mary C Stephenson Frances Gunner Antonio Napolitano Paul L Greenhaff Ian A MacDonald Nadeem Saeed William Vennart Susan T Francis Peter G Morris | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，4： | 2 |
| 7 | Enteric coated HPMC capsules designed to achieve intestinal targeting显示文摘 | Ewart T Cole Robert A Scott Alyson L Connor Ian R Wilding Hans-U Petereit Carsten Schminke Thomas Beckert Dominique Cadé | 2002 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2002，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Development of a platform tech-nology to generate long-acting protein therapeutics显示文摘 | Heather P Alice T Ian W | 2012 | EndocriAbstr2012，289，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Allocation of ^15N from nitrate to nicotine: production and turnover of a damage-induced mobile defense显示文摘 | Ian T Baldwin Eric A Schmeh | 1994 | Ecology1994，75，9： | 1 |
| 10 | Herbivoreinduced allene oxide synthase transcripts and jasmonic acid in Nicotiana attenuata显示文摘 | JORG ZIEGLER MARKKU KEINANEN IAN T BALDWIN | 2001 | Phytochemistry2001，58，： | 1 |
| 11 | PAX6 mutations:genotype-phenotype correlations显示文摘 | Ioanna T Ian MSW Isabel MH | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 12 | LDL-receptor mRNA expression in men is downregulated within an hour of an acute fat load and is influenced by genetic polymorphism显示文摘 | Anothai P Roger R T Ian J | 2007 | J Nutr2007，137，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Black carbon-inclusive modeling approaches for estimating lhe aquatic fate of dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans显示文摘 | Armitage J M Cousins Ian T Persson N Johan | 2008 | Environmental Science & Technology2008，42，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of yttrium on the sintering and microstructure of alumina-silicon carbide 'nanocomposites' 显示文摘 | ALEX M C IAN P S RICHARD I T STEVE G R | 2005 | J Am Ceram Soc2005，88，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Polyphenol oxidase in potato显示文摘 | Peter W T Ian B D | 1995 | Plant Physiol1995，，109： | 1 |
| 16 | Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the management of infertility due to obstructive azoospermia 显示文摘 | Ian C Yasser K Marinos T | 1995 | Fertil Steril1995，63，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The anatomy of the grid:Enabling scalable virtual organizations显示文摘 | Ian F Carl K Steven T | 2001 | International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications Fall2001，15，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Ethanol vaponr treat- ment alleviates postharvest decay and maintains fruit quality in Chinese bayberry显示文摘 | ZHANG W S LI X WANG X X WANG G Y ZHENG J T ABERSINGHE Don C FERGUSON Ian B | 2007 | Postharvest Biology and Technology2007，46，2： | 1 |
| 19 | A Successful Long - Term Method of Fat Grafting : Recontouring of a Large Subcutaneous Postradiation Thigh De- fect with Autologous Fat Transplantation 显示文摘 | Ian T Jackson Richard Simman Richard Tho- len Vincent D DiNick | 2001 | Aesthetic Plastic Surgery2001，25，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Minimizing makespan in a blocking flowshop using genetic algorithms 显示文摘 | CARAFFA V IANES S BAGCHI T P | 2001 | International Journal of Production Economics2001，70，2： | 1 |
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