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| 1 | Heavy Oil and Oil Sands:Global Distribution and Resource Assessment显示文摘Global recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show:(1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy oil basins and 32 oil sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins.(2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs.(3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults.(4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy oil development. | LIU Zuodong WANG Hongjun Graham BLACKBOURN MA Feng HE Zhengjun WEN Zhixing WANG Zhaoming YANG Zi LUAN Tiansi WU Zhenzhen | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，1： | 9 |
| 2 | Hierarchical activation of compartmentalized pools of AMPK depends on severity of nutrient or energy stress显示文摘AMPK, a master regulator of metabolic homeostasis, is activated by both AMP-dependent and AMP-independent mechanisms. The conditions under which these different mechanisms operate, and their biological implications are unclear. Here, we show that, depending on the degree of elevation of cellular AMP, distinct compartmentalized pools of AMPK are activated, phosphorylating different sets of targets. Low glucose activates AMPK exclusively through the AMP-independent, AXIN-based pathway in lysosomes to phosphorylate targets such as ACC1 and SREBP1c, exerting early anti-anabolic and pro-catabolic roles. Moderate increases in AMP expand this to activate cytosolic AMPK also in an AXIN-dependent manner. In contrast, high concentrations of AMP, arising from severe nutrient stress, activate all pools of AMPK independently of AXIN. Surprisingly, mitochondrion-localized AMPK is activated to phosphorylate ACC2 and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) only during severe nutrient stress. Our findings reveal a spatiotemporal basis for hierarchical activation of different pools of AMPK during differing degrees of stress severity. | Yue Zong Chen-Song Zhang Mengqi Li Wen Wang Zhichao Wang Simon A. Hawley Teng Ma Jin-Wei Feng Xiao Tian Qu Qi Yu-Qing Wu Cixiong Zhang Zhiyun Ye Shu-Yong Lin Hai-Long Piao D. Grahame Hardie Sheng-Cai Lin | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，6： | 8 |
| 3 | Superior anti-corrosion and self-healing bi-functional polymer composite coatings with polydopamine modified mesoporous silica/graphene oxide显示文摘In this article,graphene oxide(GO)and benzotriazole-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles(BTA/MSNs)are combined on micro scale through the in situ polymerization of polydopamine(PDA),preparing a selfhealing bi-functional GO(fGO)used as nano-fillers for anti-corrosion enhancement of waterborne epoxy(WEP)coatings.Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)images show that the BTA/MSNs are uniformly distributed on the surface of high aspect ratio GO nanosheets to endow GO nanocontainer characteristics.UV-vis profiles demonstrate that fGO has p H-controlled release function.Modulus at lowest frequency is generally used for comparing the corrosion resistance of organic coatings.Modulus at lowest frequency(1.42×10^(5)Ωcm^(2))after 30 days immersion in 3.5 wt.%Na Cl solution revealed 2 orders of magnitude higher that of blank WEP(1.17×10^(7)Ωcm^(2)).With artificial cracks on its coatings,fGO/WEP had no obvious rust compared with blank WEP after 240 h of immersion.We anticipate that self-healing and physical barrier bi-functional nanocontainers improve the traditional anticorrosion coating efficiency with better,longer-lasting performance for shipping,oil drilling or bridge maintenance. | Yanqi Ma Haowei Huang Hongda Zhou Michael Graham James Smith Xinxin Sheng Ying Chen Li Zhang Xinya Zhang Elena Shchukina Dmitry Shchukin | 2021 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021，，36： | 4 |
| 4 | Developing Wheat for Improved Yield and Adaptation Under a Changing Climate: Optimization of a Few Key Genes显示文摘世界上雨养无灌溉条件下种植的小麦常常受到干旱的影响。针对未来气候的模拟预测显示,除非采用适当的品种,否则温度上升和降雨模式的联合作用将加剧这种干旱情况,并可能造成小麦大幅度减产。由于物候基因的多样性,小麦具有广泛的适应性。小麦物候学提供了一个根据目标环境中可用水改变作物的发育阶段从而提高抗旱性。本文综述了春化(Vrn)、光周期(Ppd)和矮秆(Rht)基因等小麦物候学研究的最新进展。在不同气候条件下Vrn和Ppd基因的等位基因、单倍型和拷贝数有不同的反应,因而不仅可以改变发育阶段,而且可以改良产量。与模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)相比,还有更多尚未发现的小麦物候基因,在目标环境中量化其效应将有助于通过育种提高小麦的耐旱性。因此,通过配置适当的物候基因、Rht基因和其他耐旱性相关的重要生理性状的组合,可以在水资源有限的环境中使产量最大化。 | M.A.N. Nazim Ud Dowl Ian Edwards Graham O'Hara Shahidul Islam Wujun Ma | 2018 | Engineering2018，4，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Age-related divergent re- modeling of the cardiac extracellular matrix in heart failure:collagen accumulation in the young and loss in the aged显示文摘 | Horn MA Graham HK Richards MA | 2012 | J Mol Cell Cardiol2012，53，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Degradation of atrazine by manganese - catalyzed ozonation: Influence of radical scavengers 显示文摘 | MA J GRAHAM N J D | 2000 | Water Research2000，34，15： | 1 |
| 7 | Reducing the effects of the systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass:can single dose steroids blunt systemic inflammatory response syndrome显示文摘 | Sobieski MA 2nd Graham JD Pappas PS | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparision of catheter ablation using radiofrequency versus direct current energy: biophysical, electrophysMogic, and pathologic observation 显示文摘 | Huang SK Graham AR Lee MA | 1991 | AM Coll Cardiol1991，18，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Degradation of atrazine by manganese - catalyzed ozonation: Influence of humic substances 显示文摘 | MA J GRAHAM N J D | 1999 | Water Research1999，33，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Protein kinase C regulation of corneal endothelial cell proliferation and cell cycle显示文摘 | Rawe I Dartt DA | 2000 | Invest-Ophthamol-Vis-Sci2000，41，13： | 1 |
| 11 | The history of commonly used dental elevators显示文摘 | Bussell MA Graham RM | 2008 | Br Dent J2008，205，： | 1 |
| 12 | Manganese-catalysed ozonation for the destruction of atrazine-effect of humic substances显示文摘 | Ma Jun Graham N J D | 1999 | War Res1999，33，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Degradation of atrazine by manganese catalysed ozonation: Influence of humic substances 显示文摘 | Ma J Graham N | 1999 | Wat Res1999，33，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Incidental car- cinoma of the prostate at the time of transurethral resec- tion:Importancc of evaluating every chip显示文摘 | Newman AJ Graham MA Carlton CE | 1982 | J Urol1982，128，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Structured packs for independent learning:acomparison of learning outcome and acceptability with conventional teaching显示文摘 | Graham HJ Seadbrook MA Woodfield SJ | 1999 | Med Educ1999，33，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Structured packs for in- dependent learning: a comparison of learning outcome and accept- ability with conventional teaching显示文摘 | Graham H J Seabrook MA Woodfield SJ | 1999 | Med Educ1999，33，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Developing a genome-wide selection model for genetic improvement of residual feed intake and carcass merit in a beef cattle breeding program显示文摘Residual feed intake (RFI) and carcass merit (CM) are both complex traits emerging as critical targets for beef genetic improvement.RFI and CM traits are difficult and expensive to measure and genetic improvement for these traits through traditional selection methods is not very effective.Therefore,genome-wide selection using DNA markers may be a potential alternative for genetic improvement of these traits.In this study,the efficiency of a genome-wide selection model for genetic improvement of RFI and CM was assessed.The Illumina Bovine50K bead chip was used to genotype 922 beef cattle from the Kinsella Beef Research Ranch of the University of Alberta.A Bayes model and multiple marker regression using a stepwise method were used to conduct the association test.The number of significant SNP markers for carcass weight (CWT),carcass back fat (BF),carcass rib eye area (REA),carcass grade fat (GDF),lean meat yield (LMY),and residual feed intake (RFI) were 75,54,67,57,44 and 50,respectively.Bi-variate analysis of marker scores and phenotypes for all traits were made using DMU Software.The genetic parameter for each trait was estimated.The genetic correlations of marker score and phenotype for CWT,BF,REA,GDF,LMY and RFI were 0.75,0.69,0.87,0.77,0.78,and 0.85,respectively.The average prediction accuracies of phenotypic EBV for the six traits were increased by 0.05,0.16,0.24,0.23,0.17 and 0.19,respectively.The results of this study indicated that the two-trait marker-assisted evaluation model used was a suitable alternative of genetic evaluation for these traits in beef cattle. | ZENG ZhiYao TANG Guo Qing MA JiDeng PLASTOW Graham MOORE Stephen LAI SongJia LI XueWei WANG ZhiQuan | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，21： | 1 |
| 18 | Clinical pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin : a critical review 显示文摘 | Graham MA Lockwood GF Greenslade D | 2000 | Clin Cancer Res2000，6，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Sudden death in hemodialysis Da- tients显示文摘 | Cohle SD Graham MA | 1985 | J Forensic Sei1985，30，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Settling of undissolved zirconium particles in pure magnesium melts显示文摘 | Ma Q Zheng L Graham D | 2001 | Journal of Light Metals2001，1，3： | 1 |
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