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| 1 | 幽门螺杆菌感染处理的当前观念——MaastrichtⅢ共识报告显示文摘名词缩写欧洲幽门螺杆菌研究小组:European Helicobacter Study Group,EHSG胃食管反流病:gastro-esophageal reflux disease。 | P Malfertheiner F Megraud C O'Morain F Bazzoli E El-Omar D Graham R Hunt T Rokkas N Vakil EJ Kuipers 朱琦 | 2007 | 胃肠病学2007，12，3： | 15 |
| 2 | 英国胃肠病学会关于胃癌风险患者的诊断和管理指南显示文摘胃癌预后较差,部分原因在于诊断较晚。胃癌的危险因素包括幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori,HP)感染和胃癌家族史,尤其是遗传性弥漫性胃癌和恶性贫血。胃癌发展的阶段包括慢性胃炎、胃黏膜萎缩(GA)、胃黏膜肠化生(GIM)和异型增生。胃癌早期发现和提高生存率的关键是在内镜检查前以非侵入性方式识别高危人群。然而,尽管生物标志物可能有助于检测慢性萎缩性胃炎,但尚无足够的证据支持其用于人群筛查。高质量内镜检查是胃癌早期发现的重要组成部分,图像增强内镜结合组织病理学活检是GA和GIM最佳的诊断方法,并能准确进行风险分层。按照悉尼标准从胃窦、角切迹、小弯和大弯进行活检,既能明确诊断,也能对胃癌进行风险分层。理想状态应当是在高质量内镜检查中对GA或GIM区域活检。英国属于低危地区,可根据需要接受常规诊断性胃镜检查,但没有足够证据支持筛查,对于广泛GA或GIM的患者,每3年检查内镜。对于胃异型增生和早期癌,只要满足标准,内镜下黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术的治疗有效,成功率高,复发率低。 | Matthew Banks David Graham Marnix Jansen TakujiGotoda Sergio Coda Massimiliano di Pietro NoriyaUedo Pradeep Bhandari D Mark Pritchard Ernst J Kuipers Manuel Rodriguez-Justo Marco R Novelli KrishRagunath Neil Shepherd Mario Dinis-Ribeiro 乌雅罕(译) 张冬雪(译) 牛占岳(校) 刘鑫(校) 丁士刚(译/校) | 2020 | 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志2020，7，2： | 10 |
| 3 | Quality of life:A critical outcome for all surgical treatmentsof gastric cancer显示文摘Surgery represents the main curative therapeutic modality for gastric cancer, and it is occasionally considered for palliation as well as prophylaxis. Most frequently, surgical outcomes are conveyed in terms of oncological outcomes such as recurrence and survival.However, quality of life(Qo L) is also important and should be considered when making treatment decisions- including the extent of and approach to surgery. Measurement of Qo L usually involves the application of questionnaires. While there are multiple Qo L questionnaires validated for use in oncology patients, there are very few that have been validated for use in those with gastric cancer. In this review, we discuss and compare the current status of Qo L questionnaires in gastric cancer. More importantly, the impact of surgery for treatment, palliation and prophylaxis of gastric cancer on Qo L will be described. These data should inform the surgeon on the optimal approach to treating gastric cancer, taking into account oncological outcomes. Knowledge gaps are also identified, providing a roadmap for future studies. | Michael D McCall Peter J Graham Oliver F Bathe | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，3： | 7 |
| 4 | Role of ischaemic preconditioning in liver regeneration following major liver resection and transplantation显示文摘Liver ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the liver from the detrimental effects of ischaemic-reperfusion injury (IRI), which contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality following major liver surgery. Recent studies have focused on the role of IPC in liver regeneration, the precise mechanism of which are not completely understood. This review discusses the current understanding of the mechanism of liver regeneration and the role of IPC in this setting. Relevant articles were reviewed from the published literature using the Medline database. The search was performed using | D Gomez S Homer-Vanniasinkam AM Graham KR Prasad | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，5： | 5 |
| 5 | High prevalence of hepatic steatosis and vascular thrombosis in COVID-19:A systematic review and meta-analysis of autopsy data显示文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disease can frequently affect the liver.Data on hepatic histopathological findings in COVID-19 is scarce.AIM To characterize hepatic pathological findings in patients with COVID-19.METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis registered on PROSPERO(CRD42020192813),following PRISMA guidelines.Eligible trials were those including patients of any age and COVID-19 diagnosis based on a molecular test.Histopathological reports from deceased COVID-19 patients undergoing autopsy or liver biopsy were reviewed.Articles including less than ten patients were excluded.Proportions were pooled using random-effects models.Q statistic and I2 were used to assess heterogeneity and levels of evidence,respectively.RESULTS We identified 18 studies from 7 countries;all were case reports and case series from autopsies.All the patients were over 15 years old,and 67.2%were male.We performed a meta-analysis of 5 studies,including 116 patients.Pooled prevalence estimates of liver histopathological findings were hepatic steatosis 55.1%[95%confidence interval(CI):46.2-63.8],congestion of hepatic sinuses 34.7%(95%CI:7.9-68.4),vascular thrombosis 29.4%(95%CI:0.4-87.2),fibrosis 20.5%(95%CI:0.6-57.9),Kupffer cell hyperplasia 13.5%(95%CI:0.6-54.3),portal inflammation 13.2%(95%CI:0.1-48.8),and lobular inflammation 11.6%(95%CI:0.3-35.7).We also identified the presence of venous outflow obstruction,phlebosclerosis of the portal vein,herniated portal vein,periportal abnormal vessels,hemophagocytosis,and necrosis.CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of hepatic steatosis and vascular thrombosis as major histological liver features.Other frequent findings included portal and lobular inflammation and Kupffer cell hyperplasia or proliferation.Further studies are needed to establish the mechanisms and implications of these findings. | Luis Antonio Díaz Francisco Idalsoaga Macarena Cannistra Roberto Candia Daniel Cabrera Francisco Barrera Alejandro Soza Rondell Graham Arnoldo Riquelme Marco Arrese Michael D Leise Juan Pablo Arab | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，48： | 3 |
| 6 | Clinical profile of diabetes at diagnosis among children and adolescents at an endocrine clinic in Ghana显示文摘AIM To determine the clinical features of diabetes in children and adolescents in Ghana.METHODS Retrospective review of clinical features of all children and adolescents with new-onset diabetes seen at the paediatric endocrinology clinic of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, from February 2012 to Auguest 2016. RESULTS One hundred and six subjects presented with diabetes. Ninety(84.9%) were diagnosed by clinical features and family history as type 1, and 16(15.1%) type 2. For type 1 subjects, age range at diagnosis was 0.9-19.9 year(y), peak age of onset 12-13 year, and 3.3% were < 5 year, 21.1% 5-< 10 year, 45.6% 10-< 15 year and 30.0% 15-< 20 year. Seventy-one point one percent were female. Common clinical features were polyuria(100%), polydipsia(98.9%), and weight loss(82.2%). Mean BMI SD was -0.54, range -3.84 to 2.47. 60.0% presented in diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). Nine had infections at onset(skin, abscess, leg ulcer). Mean± SD HbA 1c at diagnosis was 12.7% ± 1.9%(115±21 mmol/mol). Four have since died: Hypoglycaemia(2), recurrent DKA(1), osteosarcoma(1). Two other type 1 cases died of DKA at presentation in emergency before being seen by the paediatric endocrinologist. Crude mortality rate including these 2 cases was 32.2/1000 patient years. Type 2 cases were 81% female, age of onset 9-19 year. Mean BMI SD was 1.49, range -0.87 to 2.61. Forty-three point eight percent presented in DKA. All type 2 cases had acanthosis nigricans. Overall, 9.8% did not have home refrigeration, most using clay pot evaporative cooling for insulin storage. CONCLUSION Type 1 occurs with a female preponderance and high DKA rates. Type 2 also occurs. Typology based on clinical features is difficult. Community and professional awareness is warranted. | Emmanuel Ameyaw Serwah B Asafo-Agyei Sumithira Thavapalan Angela C Middlehurst Graham D Ogle | 2017 | World Journal of Diabetes2017，8，9： | 2 |
| 7 | Experimental intracerebral mass: time-ralated effects on local cerebral blood flow显示文摘 | Kingman T A Mendelow A D Graham D I | 1987 | J Neurosurg1987，，67： | 2 |
| 8 | A prospective trial of volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy vs conventional intensity modulated radiation therapy in advanced head and neck cancer显示文摘AIM: To prospectively compare volumetric intensitymodulated arc therapy(VMAT) and conventional intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) in coverage of planning target volumes and avoidance of multiple organs at risk(OARs) in patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy for advanced(stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ)squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. METHODS: Computed tomography scans of 20 patients with advanced tumors of the larynx, naso-, oroand hypopharynx were prospectively planned using IMRT(7 field) and VMAT using two arcs. Calculated doses to planning target volume(PTV) and OAR were compared between IMRT and VMAT plans. Dose-volume histograms(DVH) were utilized to obtain calculated doses to PTV and OAR, including parotids, cochlea,spinal cord, brainstem, anterior tongue, pituitary and brachial plexus. DVH's for all structures were compared between IMRT and VMAT plans. In addition the planswere compared for dose conformity and homogeneity. The final treatment plan was chosen by the treating radiation oncologist. RESULTS: VMAT was chosen as the ultimate plan in 18 of 20 patients(90%) because the plans were thought to be otherwise clinically equivalent. The IMRT plan was chosen in 2 of 20 patients because the VMAT plan produced concentric irradiation of the cord which was not overcome even with an avoidance structure. For all patients, VMAT plans had a lower number of average monitor units on average(MU = 542.85) than IMRT plans(MU = 1612.58)(P < 0.001). Using the conformity index(CI), defined as the 95% isodose volume divided by the PTV, the IMRT plan was more conformal with a lower conformity index(CI = 1.61) than the VMAT plan(CI = 2.00)(P = 0.003). Dose homogeneity, as measured by average standard deviation of dose distribution over the PTV, was not different with VMAT(1.45 Gy) or IMRT(1.73 Gy)(P = 0.069). There were no differences in sparing organs at risk.CONCLUSION: In this prospective study, VMAT plans were chosen over IMRT 90% of the time. Compared to IMRT, VMAT plans used only one third of the MUs, had shorter treatment times, and similar sparing of OAR. Overall, VMAT provided similar dose homogeneity but less conformity in PTV irradiation compared to IMRT. This difference in conformity was not clinically significant. | Simon D Fung-Kee-Fung Rachel Hackett Lee Hales Graham Warren Anurag K Singh | 2012 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2012，3，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Hot stuff: thyroid hormones and AMPK显示文摘 | D Grahame Hardie | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，12： | 2 |
| 10 | β内酰胺类抗生素与对非典型病原体有效的抗生素在非重症社区获得性肺炎中的疗效比较:汇总分析显示文摘目的对于社区获得性肺炎,将β内酰胺类抗生素与对非典型病原体有效的抗生素进行全面系统的疗效比较。资料来源Medline、Embase、Cochrane登记注册的对照试验、国际性会议的会议纪录、药品注册机构以及制药公司。评价方法通过总结双盲、随机、对照、单一给药疗法试验,对β内酰胺类抗生素与对非典型病原体有效的抗生素在成人社区获得性肺炎的疗效方面进行比较。主要结局指标是未达到临床治愈或好转。结果18项临床试验共纳入6749例受试者,其中大多数患者有轻至中度社区获得性肺炎。对各种原因引起的社区获得性肺炎治疗失败的相对危险度进行分析,结果显示对非典型病原体有效的抗生素并不优于β内酰胺类抗生素(0.97,95%可信区间0.87~1.07)。对于有特异性非典型病原体感染诊断的患者进行亚组分析,我们发现应用对非典型病原体有效的抗生素治疗军团菌属感染的肺炎患者,其治疗无效率明显的低一些(0.40,0.19~0.85)。而在肺炎支原体(0.60,0.31~1.17)和肺炎衣原体(2.32,0.67~8.03)感染的肺炎患者中二者的疗效相似。结论应用对非典型病原体有效的抗生素治疗由各种原因引起的非重症社区获得性肺炎,而使临床疗效得到提高的证据是不足的。尽管此类抗生素在对稍后介绍的军团菌感染相关性肺炎的治疗方面显示出明显的优势,但已纳入研究范围内的肺炎病例很少是由这种病原体引起的。β内酰胺类制剂应该继续作为成人非重症社ResInfe区获得性肺炎治疗的首选抗生素。 | Graham D Mills Michael R Oehley Bruce Arrol 刘艳(译) 代华平(校) | 2005 | 英国医学杂志中文版2005，8，4： | 2 |
| 11 | Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial显示文摘 | A David Mendelow Barbara A Gregson Helen M Fernandes Gordon D Murray Graham M Teasdale D Terence Hope Abbas Karimi M Donald M Shaw David H Barer | 2005 | 2005 (9457)2005，，9457： | 2 |
| 12 | Experimental intracerebral mass: description of model,intracranial pressure changes and neuropathology显示文摘 | Kingma T A Mendelow A D Graham D I | 1998 | J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1998，47，： | 2 |
| 13 | Mantle Plume helium in submarine basalts from the Galapagos platform 显示文摘 | Graham D W | 1994 | Science1994，262，： | 2 |
| 14 | Lead and helium isotope evidence from oceanic basalts from a common deep source of mantle plumes显示文摘 | Hanan B B Graham D M | 1996 | Science1996，272，： | 2 |
| 15 | Time -offlight secondary ion mass spectrometry: techniques and applications for the characterization of biomaterial surfaces 显示文摘 | Belu A M Graham D J Castne D G | 2003 | Biomaterials2003，24，： | 1 |
| 16 | Collusive behavior at singleobject second-prlce and English auetlons显示文摘 | Graham D Marshall R | 1987 | Journal of Political Economy1987，95，： | 1 |
| 17 | Breeding for micronutrients in staple food from a human nutrition perspective 显示文摘 | Welch R M Graham R D | 2004 | Journal of Experimental Botany2004，55，： | 1 |
| 18 | Adjustment Approach for Fuzzy Logic Model Based Selection of Non-overlapping Machining Data in the Turning Operation显示文摘 | K Hashmi I D Graham B Mills M S J Hashmi | 2003 | Journal of Materials Processing Technology2003，142，： | 1 |
| 19 | Breeding for traceminerals in wheat 显示文摘 | Monasterio I Graham R D | 2000 | Food Nutr2000，21，： | 1 |
| 20 | The Cause of Decreased Pan Evaporation over the Past 50 Years显示文摘 | Michael L Roderick Graham D Farquhar | 2002 | Science2002，298，： | 1 |
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