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| 1 | 婴儿猝死综合征的法医学鉴定显示文摘近20多年来,婴儿猝死综合征(sudden infant death syndrome,SIDS)一直是西方发达国家医学界尤其是法医学和儿科学领域研究的热点。目前,随着对SIDS广泛而深入的研究,对其病因、发病特点、危险因素以及致病机制等都有了更明确的认识。虽说近年来SIDS的发病率已有明显下降,在欧美洲、澳洲等发达国家,SIDS仍然是导致1个月到1岁婴儿死亡的首要原因。在亚洲国家和地区,尤其是发展中国家SIDS的报道很少见。本文通过总结文献并结合美国马里兰州近20年(1990—2006)来对SIDS的调查研究资料,介绍SIDS的发展历史、研究现状和新的发展趋势,并对SIDS法医学鉴定程序及鉴定要素进行讨论。 | 李玲 黄光照 沈忆文 周兰 刘良 David Fowler | 2008 | 法医学杂志2008，24，5： | 6 |
| 2 | 《Science》杂志发表关于计算社会科学的文章:Computational Social Science显示文摘计算科学是一门正在兴起的综合性学科,它依赖于先进的计算机及计算技术对理论科学、大型实验、观测数据、应用科学、国防以及社会科学进行模型化、模拟与仿真、计算等。特别是对极复杂系统进行模型与程序化,然后利用计算机给出严格理论及实验无法达到的过程数据或者直接模拟出整个复杂过程的演变或者预测过程的发展趋势。对基础科学、应用科学、国防科学、社会科学以及工程技术等的发展有着不可估量的科学作用与经济效益。其中,随着信息化和网络化的不断普及与深入,社会动态变化的速度和规模已经提高到一个前所未有的水平,计算科学在社会科学中的深入应用,即计算社会科学也将成为科研信息化发展中一个新的热点。本刊对《Science》2009年2月发表的一篇关于计算社会科学的文章《Computational Social Science》进行了摘编,该文由美国多个大学及研究机构的共15名研究人员共同编写,文章从计算社会科学的数据获取、研究方法及其制约因素,以及人才的培养等几个方面,描述了计算社会科学的发展、讨论了社会科学研究的特点等。其主要目的是想借此文向广大读者介绍计算社会科学这一学科理念,推动这一对于提高社会科学研究水平和规范性的研究方法在国内的发展,并以此进一步繁荣我国社会科学研究工作。 | 张鉴 孔丽华 David Lazer Alex Pentland Lada Adamic Sinan Aral Albert-László Barabási Devon Brewer Nicholas Christakis Noshir Contractor James Fowler Myron Gutmann Tony Jebara Gary King Michael Macy Deb Roy Marshall Van Alstyne | 2010 | 科研信息化技术与应用2010，0，2： | 5 |
| 3 | 探究尸体血样中乙醇、乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷和硫酸乙酯的产生显示文摘目的探索尸体血样保存过程中乙醇的产生情况及乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷(EtG)和硫酸乙酯(EtS)的产生可能。方法对照组为7例阳性静脉血,而实验组则为7例阴性尸体血。每例血样分成3份并保存在室温(18~22℃),4℃及-20℃等3种不同的条件下,在保存天数为0、2、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21等时间点取样。使用顶空气相色谱法(HS-GC)检测乙醇,采用固相萃取提取EtG和EtS,使用高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(LCMS/MS)法检测EtG和EtS。结果保存期间,对照组各血样中的乙醇、EtG和EtS浓度均呈下降趋势;实验组中1、2、4、5、6、7号血样的室温及4℃的样本在保存第2~3天时检出乙醇,而7号-20℃的样本在第6天检出乙醇。其中,6号室温血样的乙醇峰值浓度为64.27mg/100mL。各血样中均未检出EtG,EtS。结论室温及4℃保存的尸体血可产生乙醇且产生速度较快,反复冻融可导致-20℃保存的尸体血产生乙醇,乙醇峰值浓度可超过法定酒驾标准,但实验组血样中均无EtG和EtS产生。因此,尸体血中的EtG,EtS可以作为乙醇生前入体的特异性标志物,区分乙醇生前入体和腐败产生乙醇的依据。实际工作中,乙醇原体检测的酒精认定应注意血样保存和运输条件造成的影响。为了避免假阳性结果,涉及死亡的案件进行酒精认定时有必要辅以EtG和EtS的检测。 | 禹明筠 陈佳晖 杨秀秀 王凌霄 周航 杨睿 李玲 David Richard Fowler 贠克明 尉志文 | 2020 | 中国法医学杂志2020，35，2： | 2 |
| 4 | 美国马里兰州涉及电击枪死亡案例分析显示文摘目的研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点。方法收集2004—2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病理学检验。从一般情况、电击枪类型及接触方式、毒物检测结果、死亡方式、死亡原因等方面进行分析。结果死者多为男性,且多见于精神障碍患者突然急性发作,死前有服用药物或毒品情况,死亡原因系多种因素共同所致。结论涉及电击枪案件死者的死亡原因多为多种因素共同作用所致,死亡机制有待进一步研究,全面的现场调查及规范的尸体解剖程序对于此类案件的法医学鉴定至关重要。 | Mary G.Ripple 张翔 沈忆文 David Fowler 李玲 | 2011 | 法医学杂志2011，27，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Resource availability and plant diversity explain patterns of invasion of an exotic grass显示文摘Aims in this study,we examine two common invasion biology hypotheses-biotic resistance and fluctuating resource availability-to explain the patterns of invasion of an invasive grass,Microstegium vimineum.Methods We used 13-year-old deer exclosures in great smoky mountains National Park,USA,to examine how chronic disturbance by deer browsing affects available resources,plant diversity,and invasion in an understory plant community.using two replicate 1 m2 plots in each deer browsed and unbrowsed area,we recorded each plant species present,the abundance per species,and the fractional per-cent cover of vegetation by the cover classes:herbaceous,woody,and graminoid.For each sample plot,we also estimated overstory canopy cover,soil moisture,total soil carbon and nitrogen,and soil pH as a measure of abiotic differences between plots.Important Findings We found that plant community composition between chronically browsed and unbrowsed plots differed markedly.Plant diversity was 40%lower in browsed than in unbrowsed plots.at our sites,diver-sity explained 48%and woody plant cover 35%of the variation in M.vimineum abundance.in addition,we found 3.3 times less M.vimineum in the unbrowsed plots due to higher woody plant cover and plant diversity than in the browsed plots.a parsimonious explanation of these results indicate that disturbances such as herbivory may elicit multiple conditions,namely releasing available resources such as open space,light,and decreasing plant diversity,which may facilitate the proliferation of an invasive species.Finally,by testing two different hypotheses,this study addresses more recent calls to incorporate multiple hypotheses into research attempting to explain plant invasion. | Sara Kuebbing Mariano A.Rodriguez-Cabal David Fowler Lauren Breza Jennifer A.Schweitzer Joseph K.Bailey | 2013 | Journal of Plant Ecology2013，6，2： | 1 |
| 6 | A 640 × 512 CMOS image sensor with ultrawide dynamic range floating-point pixel-level ADC 显示文摘 | Yang David X D EI Gamal Abbas Fowler Boyd Tian Hui | 1999 | IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits1999，34，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Causes of Early Stent Thrombosis in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Ex Vivo Human Autopsy Study显示文摘 | Masataka Nakano Kazuyuki Yahagi Fumiyuki Otsuka Kenichi Sakakura Aloke V. Finn Robert Kutys Elena Ladich David R. Fowler Michael Joner Renu Virmani | 2014 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2014，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Sacral Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis显示文摘 | Thomas M. Kessler David La Framboise Sven Trelle Clare J. Fowler Gustav Kiss Jürgen Pannek Brigitte Schurch Karl-Dietrich Sievert Daniel S. Engeler | 2010 | European Urology2010，，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Systemic air embolism complicating upper gastrointestinal endoscopy:a case report with post-mortem CT scan findings and review of literature显示文摘Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal and biliary tract is a common procedure and is routinely performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.Perforation,bleeding and infection are some of the more common reported side effects.Air embolism on the other hand,is a rare complication of gastrointestinal endoscopy.We report a 77-year-old African-American female with a history of pancreatic cancer,which was resected with a Whipple procedure.As part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure,an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was planned several months after the surgery.The patient’s heart rate suddenly slowed to 40 bpm during the procedure and she became cyanotic and difficult to oxygenate after the endoscope was introduced and CO2 gas was insufflated.A forensic autopsy was performed with post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)and revealed extensive systemic air embolism.The detailed PMCT and autopsy findings are presented and current literature is reviewed. | Zabiullah Ali Ferdia Bolster Eric Goldberg David Fowler Ling Li | 2016 | Forensic Sciences Research2016，1，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Colorectal Liver Metastases: State of the Art Imaging显示文摘 | Kathryn Jane Fowler David C. Linehan Christine O. Menias | 2013 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2013，，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Weekly Paclitaxel Infusion as salvage therapy in ovarian cancer显示文摘 | David M Boruta Ⅱ Wesley C Fowler Jr | 2003 | Cancer Investigation2003，21，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Sliding Injuries in College and Professional Baseball—A Prospective Study Comparing Standard and Break-Away Bases显示文摘 | David H. Janda Richard Maguire Derek Mackesy Richard J. Hawkins Peter Fowler Joel Boyd | 1993 | Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine1993，，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Mineralogical and engineering characteristics of dry flue gas desulfurization products显示文摘 | Jerry M. Bigham David A. Kost Richard C. Stehouwer Joel H. Beeghly Randy Fowler Samuel J. Traina William E. Wolfe Warren A. Dick | 2005 | Fuel2005，，14： | 1 |
| 14 | Bond Strength Development with Maturity of High-Early-Strength Bonded Concrete Overlays显示文摘 | M Scott Williamson David W Fowler | 2000 | ACI Materials Journal2000，97，2： | 1 |
| 15 | A modified profile method for determining the vertical fluxes of NO, NO2, ozone, and HNO3 in the atmospheric surface layer显示文摘 | Gerhard Kramm Hans Müller David Fowler Klaus D. H?fken Franz X. Meixner Eberhard Schaller | 1991 | Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry1991，，3： | 1 |
| 16 | A 640×512 CMOS image sensor with ultra-wide dynamic range floating-point pixel-level ADC显示文摘 | David X D Yang Abbas EI Gamal Boyd Fowler | 1999 | IEEE Journal of Solid Circuit1999，34，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Uncertainty in Estimation of Wet Deposition of Sulphur显示文摘 | Rognvald I. Smith David Fowler | 2001 | Water Air and Soil Pollution: Focus (-)2001，，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Measurements of Ozone Deposition to Vegetation Quantifying the Flux, the Stomatal and Non-Stomatal Components显示文摘 | David Fowler Chris Flechard J. Neil Cape Robert L. Storeton-West Mhairi Coyle | 2001 | Water Air and Soil Pollution (-)2001，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Deposition monitoring networks: what monitoring is required to give reasonable estimates of ammonia/ammonium?显示文摘 | Jan Willem Erisman Arjan Hensen Julio Mosquera Mark Sutton David Fowler | 2004 | Environmental Pollution2004，，3： | 1 |
| 20 | LC-MS/MS分析生物检材中的呋喃酚葡萄糖醛酸结合物显示文摘目的建立生物检材中呋喃酚葡萄糖醛酸结合物的LC-MS/MS检测方法。方法血和肝等检材经乙腈沉淀蛋白,采用ZORBAX HILIC Plus(4.6mm×100mm,3.5μm)亲水性色谱柱,以水和含0.1%甲酸的乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,以负离子多反应检测(MRM)模式检测,扫描时间8min。结果血和肝中呋喃酚葡萄糖醛酸结合物的线性范围分别是20ng/ml^5μg/ml和50ng/g^5μg/g,线性关系良好,r^2均大于0.999,血和肝中最低检出限分别为10ng/ml和9.93ng/g,最低定量限分别为15.63ng/ml和16.56ng/g;批内及批间精密度分别在1.53%~5.02%和5.06%~6.85%;相对回收率为86.13%~92.71%和87.01%~94.06%。对一例克百威中毒死亡人体检材进行检测,克百威及呋喃酚的血浓度分别为0.77ug/g和29.65ug/g,呋喃酚葡萄糖醛酸结合物的血浓度为1.059ug/g,肝组织浓度为4.056 ug/g。结论本研究所建方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可满足法医学中对于血中呋喃酚葡萄糖醛酸结合物的检测需求。 | 王颖 赵辛 路玉平 贾娟 马红娟 傅善林 刘耀 丛斌 David Richard Fowler 尉志文 贠克明 | 2020 | 中国法医学杂志2020，35，4： | 1 |
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