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| 1 | Artificial Neural Network Methods for the Solution of Second Order Boundary Value Problems显示文摘We present a method for solving partial differential equations using artificial neural networks and an adaptive collocation strategy.In this procedure,a coarse grid of training points is used at the initial training stages,while more points are added at later stages based on the value of the residual at a larger set of evaluation points.This method increases the robustness of the neural network approximation and can result in significant computational savings,particularly when the solution is non-smooth.Numerical results are presented for benchmark problems for scalar-valued PDEs,namely Poisson and Helmholtz equations,as well as for an inverse acoustics problem. | Cosmin Anitescu Elena Atroshchenko Naif Alajlan Timon Rabczuk | 2019 | Computers, Materials & Continua2019，，4： | 72 |
| 2 | 基于GRACE时变重力场的三峡水库补给水系水储量变化显示文摘利用22个月的GRACE时变重力场,反演了三峡水库补给水系的水储量变化,并按月给出了数值结果.与水文学同化模型(CPC)的两组比较说明基于GRACE重力的反演结果是合理的.当高斯平均半径为1000km时,该区总水储量变化的峰谷差为14cm,其年变化振幅为5.8cm,相位为-40.8天,与CPC模型合成重力数据的反演结果进行比较,其总水储量变化均方差为1.3cm,年变化振幅相差0.1cm,相位相差1.0天.为进一步检验GRACE能否监测该区真实水储量变化,还将其反演结果与CPC模型的真实平均结果进行比较,结果发现总体均方差为2.1cm,年变化振幅相差1.7cm,相位相差9.3天.因此,第一种比较过高地估计了GRACE监测该区水储量变化的能力,第二种比较则较真实地反映了实际情况,尽管反演结果与水文学的结果差别较大,但仍然显示GRACE能监测该区每月的水储量变化. | 汪汉胜 王志勇 袁旭东 Wu Patrick @Rangelova Elena Rangelova Elena | 2007 | 地球物理学报2007，50，3： | 48 |
| 3 | Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens:Effects on growth performance,blood traits,gut morphology and histological features显示文摘Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens(Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to4 dietary treatments(8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels(0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter(1–10 d), growing(10–24 d) and finisher(24–35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were performed.Results: The live weight(LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal(maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain(ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal(maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake(DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period(maximum for HI10 group).Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period(maximum for HI15).No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration,which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other groups.Conclusions: Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut morphology, thus suggesting that low levels may be more suitable. However, no significant effects on the haematochemical parameters or histological findings were observed in relation to HI meal utilization. | Sihem Dabbou Francesco Gai Ilaria Biasato Maria Teresa Capucchio Elena Biasibetti Daniela Dezzutto Marco Meneguz Iveta Plachà Laura Gasco Achille Schiavone | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，4： | 34 |
| 4 | One hundred and one over-the-scope-clip applications forsevere gastrointestinal bleeding,leaks and fistulas显示文摘AIM: To investigate the efficacy and clinical outcome of patients treated with an over-the-scope-clip(OTSC) system for severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage, perforations and fistulas.METHODS: From 02-2009 to 10-2012, 84 patients were treated with 101 OTSC clips. 41 patients(48.8%) presented with severe upper-gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding, 3(3.6%) patients with lower-GI bleeding, 7 patients(8.3%) underwent perforation closure, 18 patients(21.4%) had prevention of secondary perforation, 12 patients(14.3%) had control of secondary bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and 3 patients(3.6%) had an intervention on a chronic fistula. RESULTS: In 78/84 patients(92.8%), primary treatment with the OTSC was technically successful. Clinical primary success was achieved in 75/84 patients(89.28%). The overall mortality in the study patients was 11/84(13.1%) and was seen in patients with life threatning upper GI hemorrhage. There was no mortality in any other treatment group. In detail OTSC application lead to a clinical success in 35/41(85.36%) patients with upper GI bleeding and in 3/3 patients with lower GI bleeding. Technical success of perforation closure was 100% while clinical success was seen in 4/7 cases(57.14%) due to attendant circumstances unrelated to the OTSC. Technical and clinic success was achieved in 18/18(100%) patients for the prevention of bleeding or perforation after endoscopic mucosal resection and ESD and in 3/3 cases of fistula closure. Two application-related complications were seen(2%).CONCLUSION: This largest single center experience published so far confirms the value of the OTSC for GI emergencies and complications. Further clinical experience will help to identify optimal indications for its targeted and prophylactic use. | Edris Wedi Susana Gonzalez Detlev Menke Elena Kruse Kai Matthes Juergen Hochberger | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，5： | 28 |
| 5 | 栉孔扇贝不同种群杂交效果的研究 Ⅱ.中国种群和俄罗斯种群及其杂种F_1中期生长发育显示文摘在对栉孔扇贝中国养殖种群(CC)、中国野生种群(CW)和俄罗斯种群(RW)及其3种杂交种群早期(2,3,4月龄)生长发育研究的基础上进行了各种群的中期(6,8,10,12月龄)生长发育测定比较研究,结果表明,3个亲本群体各个性状的中期生长性能表现以中国养殖种群最好;3个杂交组合的杂种群体各个性状的中期生长性能均高于纯种亲本种群,杂种优势均较大,其范围在3%~52%,以CC♀×RW♂杂交效果最好;壳长、壳宽、壳高、活体重在4个生长发育指标中期的4个阶段均表现出不同程度的杂种优势,杂种优势在性状间存在明显差别,体重的杂种优势远大于壳宽、壳长和壳高的,变化趋势为体重大于壳宽,壳宽大于壳长,壳长大于壳高;季节性变化因素对栉孔扇贝各个性状的生长速度影响非常大,6~8月龄处于冬季最寒冷的时间(11月份至翌年3月份),扇贝越冬期间仅能维持生命,生长率接近于0,温暖季节如6月龄(11月)以前和8月龄(3月份)以后各性状的生长速度提高幅度很大。 | 刘小林 常亚青 相建海 李富花 刘宪杰 BROVKINA Elena Pavlovna | 2005 | 海洋学报2005，27，2： | 24 |
| 6 | 甘肃北山地区榴辉岩的变质年龄:来自锆石的U-Pb同位素定年证据显示文摘北山造山带地处塔里木-中朝板块与哈萨克斯坦板块的交汇部分,主造山时期被认为是早古生代。榴辉岩产在北山造山带的南带,带中榴辉岩与大量基性超基性洋壳岩石和俯冲碰撞有关的花岗岩等伴生,反映该带有可能代表板块的边界。北山榴辉岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年表明,榴辉岩相的变质年龄为(819±21)Ma,原岩年龄为(1007±20)Ma,表明北山地区存在新元古代一次重要的板块裂解和俯冲碰撞事件。与北山相邻的祁连山南部柴北缘地区近年也报道存在新元古代板块裂解和蛇绿岩洋壳形成事件,表明中国西部存在区域上的新元古代洋盆裂解事件,或称之为罗德尼亚大陆裂解事件。需强调的是,北山榴辉岩相变质事件发生在新元古代,柴北缘榴辉岩的原岩虽为新元古代洋壳岩石,但榴辉岩相变质作用则发生在早古生代,反映北山新元古代俯冲碰撞事件之后的又一次俯冲碰撞事件。 | 杨经绥 吴才来 陈松永 史仁灯 张建新 孟繁聪 左国朝 吴汉泉 Elena Constantinovskaya | 2006 | 中国地质2006，33，2： | 24 |
| 7 | Gastric cancer and the epoch of immunotherapy approaches显示文摘The incidence of gastric cancer(GC) fell dramatically over the last 50 years, but according to IARC-Globocan 2008, it is the third most frequent cause of cancerrelated deaths with a case fatality GC ratio higher than other common malignancies. Surgical resection is the primary curative treatment for GC though the overall 5-year survival rate remains poor(approximately 20%-25%). To improve the outcome of resectable gastric cancer, different treatment strategies have been evaluated such as adjuvant or perioperative chemotherapy. In resected gastric cancer, the addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy does not appear to provide any additional benefit. Moreover, in metastatic patients, chemotherapy is the mainstay of palliative therapy with a median overall survival of 8-10 mo and objective response rates of merely 20%-40%. Therefore, the potential for making key beneficial progress is to investigate the GC molecular biology to realize innovative therapeutic strategies, such as specific immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a panoramic view of the different immune-based strategies used for gastric cancer treatment and the results obtained in the most significant clinical trials. In detail, firstly we describe the therapeutic approaches that utilize the monoclonal antibodies while in the second part we analyze the cell-based immunotherapies. | Elena Niccolai Antonio Taddei Domenico Prisco Amedeo Amedei | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，19： | 24 |
| 8 | Clinical features and management of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),which is characterised by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts,is not a rare disease since both prevalence and incidence are increasing during the last years mainly due to the improvement of case finding strategies.The prognosis of the disease has improved due to both the recognition of earlier and indolent cases,and to the wide use of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA).New indicators of prog-nosis are available that will be useful especially for the growing number of patients with less severe disease.Most patients are asymptomatic at presentation.Pruri-tus may represent the most distressing symptom and,when UDCA is ineffective,cholestyramine represents the mainstay of treatment.Complications of long-standing cholestasis may be clinically relevant only in very ad-vanced stages.Available data on the effects of UDCA on clinically relevant end points clearly indicate that the drug is able to slow but not to halt the progression of the disease while,in advanced stages,the only thera-peutic option remains liver transplantation. | Andrea Crosignani Pier Maria Battezzati Pietro Invernizzi Carlo Selmi Elena Prina Mauro Podda | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 23 |
| 9 | Portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: Why a well-known complication is still matter of debate显示文摘Portal vein thrombosis(PVT)represents a well-known complication during the natural course of liver cirrhosis(LC),ranging from asymptomatic cases to lifethreating conditions related to portal hypertension and hepatic decompensation.Portal flow stasis,complex acquired hypercoagulable disorders and exogenous factors leading to endothelial dysfunction have emerged as key factors for PVT development.However,PVT occurrence remains unpredictable and many issues regarding its natural history,prognostic significance and treatment are still elusive.In particular although spontaneous resolution or disease stability occur in most cases of PVT,factors predisposing to disease progression or recurrence after spontaneous recanalization are not clarified as yet.Moreover,PVT impact on LC outcome is still debated,as PVT may represent itself a consequence of liver fibrosis and hepatic dysfunction progression.Anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are considered safe and effective in this setting and are recommended in selected cases,even if the safer therapeutic option and the optimal therapy duration are still unknown.Nevertheless,their impact on mortality rates should be addressed more extensively.In this review we present the most debated questions regarding PVT,whose answers should come from prospective cohort studies and large sample-size randomized trials. | Mariella Faccia Maria Elena Ainora Francesca Romana Ponziani Laura Riccardi Matteo Garcovich Antonio Gasbarrini Maurizio Pompili Maria Assunta Zocco | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 23 |
| 10 | 广州市城区75岁以上老年人痴呆患病率调查显示文摘目的 调查广州城区 75岁以上老年人的痴呆患病情况。 方法 采用 2阶段整群抽样方法。初级抽样单元为街道 ,次级抽样单元为居民小组。第 1阶段采用系统抽样 ,第 2阶段采用简单随机抽样方法。分人群筛选和病例诊断 2个阶段进行调查。筛选阶段采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)及日常活动功能量表 (ADL)等。诊断阶段根据病史、精神科医师访问、神经心理测试、神经系统及一般体检结果作出评定 ,诊断采用DSM Ⅲ R和NINCDS ADRDA的标准。 结果 筛选阶段中MMSE作为筛选工具 ,其敏感度为 74 5 1%、特异度为 74 96 %。 75岁以上老年人痴呆患病率为8 90 % ,男、女患病率分别为 2 91%和 13 11%。Alzheimer病 (AD)患病率为 7 49% ,其中男性和女性分别为 2 0 1%和 11 36 % ,血管性痴呆 (VD)患病率为 1 16 %。 75岁以上老年人中AD占所有痴呆患者的84 2 4% ,VD仅为 13 0 0 %。 75~ 79岁、80~ 84岁到 85岁及以上组 ,随年龄的增加AD的比例明显增加。 结论 广州城区 75岁以上老年人的痴呆患病率低于上海的调查结果 ,但较国内其他研究的结果高。 75岁以上老年人中 ,女性、低教育程度者AD患病率较高 ,AD在痴呆患者中所占的比例明显高于国内外的报道。MMSE作为筛选工具尚有不足之处 ,应结合其他量表如ADL、POD等一? | 赖世隆 温泽淮 梁伟雄 谢红 王奇 Elena Yu William TLiu | 2000 | 中华老年医学杂志2000，19，6： | 21 |
| 11 | 水稻土施硅对土壤-水稻系统中镉的降低效果显示文摘水稻中镉的积累造成人类健康的风险,增加水稻硅素能减轻镉中毒症状,降低稻米镉积累,但是硅对重金属的作用机理尚不清楚。主要研究了在中度和高度镉污染的土壤中,通过施用固态和液态的富硅物质对土壤-水稻系统中镉的吸收和转运的影响,探明决定镉和硅在根与芽的质外体和共质体中的作用机理。试验结果表明:(1)在中度和高度污染的土壤中,镉在土壤-作物系统中的转移和积累情况是不同的,可以通过富硅物质中的单硅酸与镉离子的相互作用,增加镉在硅物质表面的吸附来减少镉在土壤中的流动;(2)富硅物质可以降低水稻根和芽中镉的积累,在高度镉污染的情况下,施用硅可以使镉大量积累在水稻根及其共质体中,并降低根及其共质体中镉的转换和积累;(3)新鲜土壤中水萃取态的单硅酸含量与镉在土壤-作物系统中的流动性、转运以及积累等主要参数密切相关。 | 魏晓 张鹏博 赵丹丹 Elena Bocharnikova Vladimir Matichenkov Demin Dmitry | 2018 | 生态学报2018，38，5： | 21 |
| 12 | Natural history of cytomegalovirus infection in a series of patients diagnosed with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the natural history of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection in a series of 28 ulcerative colitis patients in whom the search for HCMV was positive.METHODS:A series of 85 patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis flare-up were evaluated for a HCMV search by performing a haematoxylin and eosin stain,immunohistochemical assay and nested polymerase chain reaction on rectal biopsies.Among 85 screened patients(19 of whom were steroid resistant/dependant),28 were positive for HCMV;after remission the patients were followed up clinically and histologically.RESULTS:Among the 22 patients with complete followup,in 8(36%) patients HCMV-DNA persisted in the intestinal specimens.Among the HCMV positive patients,4(50%) experienced at least one moderate-severe flare-up of colitis without evidence of peripheral HCMV.Among the 14 HCMV negative patients,3 with pouches developed pouchitis and 5 out of 11(45%) experienced a colitis flare-up.CONCLUSION:Our preliminary results suggest that HCMV may remain in the colon after an acute colitis flareup despite remission;it seems that the virus is not responsible for the disease relapse. | Valeria Criscuoli Maria Rosa Rizzuto Luigi Montalbano Elena Gallo Mario Cottone | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，5： | 20 |
| 13 | Phytochrome Signaling in Green Arabidopsis Seedlings: Impact Assessment of a Mutually Negative phyB-PIF Feedback Loop显示文摘reversibly 红的(R)/far-red (FR )-light-responsive phytochrome (phy ) photosensory 系统在第一暴露之上在发芽黑暗的幼苗开始 deetiolation 进程到光,和阴影回避过程在充分,在到 vegetational 的暴露之上的 deetiolated 幼苗遮。到驾驶这些回答的 transcriptional 网络的从激活光的光敏电阻器 conformer (Pfr ) 的细胞内部的发信号小径与 bHLH 抄写因素的一个小亚科包含 Pfr 的直接、物理相互作用,称为的交往 Phy 因素(程序信息文件) ,它导致快速的程序信息文件解朊的降级。另外,有在光成年的幼苗的进一步的复杂性的证据, phyBPIF 相互作用由此相互地导致 phyB 降级,在里面一互相否定,反馈环配置。这里,在光成年的幼苗估计这些对抗活动的相对贡献到网 phenotypic 读出,我们检验了 light-shade-induced 的大小和 pentuple phyBpif1pif3pif4pif5 (phyBpifq ) 的 simulated-shade-induced 回答变异、各种各样的多重 pif 变异的联合。数据( 1 )重申 phyB 是占优势不独占,响应延长连续 R 照耀在 deetiolating 幼苗强加胚轴延伸的抑制的光敏电阻器并且( 2 )出现 PIF 四重唱( PIF1 , PIF3 , PIF4 ,并且 PIF5 )保留并且施加一个双能力在这些条件下面调制胚轴延伸由附随地通过内在的transcriptional规章的活动支持房间延伸,并且通过 feedb 减少phyB禁止的能力在暴露阴影的幼苗, immunoblot 分析证明在 Pfr 层次的强加阴影的减小在许多 PIF3 导致增加,并且变异的分析显示 PIF3 行动,到,与 PIF4 和 PIF5 一起支持胚轴延伸的已知的导致阴影的加速。相反地,尽管四倍的 pifq 异种显示清楚地减少了胚轴延伸与相比响应延长色泽野类型, immunoblot 分析不在变异的幼苗在 phyB 层次检测举起与相比在导致阴影的生长时期的多数期间野类型,并且 phyB 层次要用体力地没越过比较的pif变异的联合与生长显型被相关。这些结果建议 phyB 丰富的程序信息文件反馈调整不在在这些下面的支持程序信息文件的、阴影应答的显型的大小调节的 modulating 起一个主导的作用。在成长在下面的幼苗日报 lightdark 周期,在黑暗经期(End-of-Day-FR (EOD-FR ) 治疗) 的开始的 Pfr 的 FR-pulse-induced 移动相对没有 EOD-FR 治疗导致更长的胚轴并且这效果在 pif 变异的联合被稀释的数据表演测试了。这结果同样显示 PIF 四重唱成员能够内在地在光成年的植物支持胚轴房间延伸,独立于 photoactivated-phyB 丰富的程序信息文件反馈调整的效果。 | Pablo Leivar Elena Monte Megan M. Cohn Peter H. Quail | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，3： | 20 |
| 14 | 西天山造山带构造单元划分及古生代洋陆转换过程显示文摘西天山造山带位于哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块与卡拉库姆—塔里木板块的结合部,是由一系列前寒武纪微陆块、古生代洋壳残片及陆缘弧相互拼贴而成的多聚合带、多成矿带,其独特的造山-成矿过程受到了国内外的广泛关注。本文通过构造单元划分与编图,建立了古生代西天山造山带的构造格架,认为古生代西天山造山带的构造演化依次经历了:罗迪尼亚大陆裂解与北天山早古生代多岛洋盆形成阶段(Z-O_2),北天山早古生代多岛洋盆闭合与南天山洋盆开始形成阶段(O_3-S),南、北天山洋晚古生代洋盆形成与发展阶段(D-C_1),南、北天山晚古生代洋盆全面闭合与天山碰撞造山带形成阶段(C1-C_2)和碰撞后板内演化阶段(C_2-P)。 | 王宗秀 李春麟 Pak Nikolai Ivleva Elena 余心起 周高 肖伟峰 韩淑琴 Halilov Zailabidin Takenov Nurgazy 鄢犀利 | 2017 | 中国地质2017，44，4： | 20 |
| 15 | Role of gastrin-peptides in Barrett's and colorectal carcinogenesis显示文摘Gastrin is the main hormone responsible for the stimulation of gastric acid secretion;in addition,gastrin and its derivatives exert proliferative and antiapoptotic effects on several cell types.Gastrin synthesis and secretion are increased in certain situations,for example,when proton pump inhibitors are used.The impact of sustained hypergastrinemia is currently being investigated.In vitro experiments and animal models have shown that prolonged hypergastrinemia may be related with higher cancer rates;although,this relationship is less clear in human beings.Higher gastrin levels have been shown to cause hyperplasia of several cell types;yet,the risk for developing cancer seems to be the same in normo-and hypergastrinemic patients.Some tumors also produce their own gastrin,which can act in an autocrine manner promoting tumor growth.Certain cancers are extremely dependent on gastrin to proliferate.Initial research focused only on the effects of amidated gastrins,but there has been an interest in intermediates of gastrin in the last few decades.These intermediates aren't biologically inactive;in fact,they may exert greater effects on proliferation and apoptosis than the completely processed forms.In certain gastrin overproduction states,they are the most abundant gastrin peptides secreted.The purpose of this review is to examine the gastrin biosynthesis process and to summarize the results from different studies evaluating the production,levels,and effects of the main forms of gastrin in different overexpression states and their possible relationship with Barrett's and colorectal carcinogenesis. | Eduardo Chueca Angel Lanas Elena Piazuelo | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，45： | 19 |
| 16 | Diverse Roles of ERECTA Family Genes in Plant Development显示文摘Multiple receptor-like kinases(RLKs)enable intercellular communication that coordinates growth and development of plant tissues.ERECTA family receptors(ERfs)are an ancient family of leucine-rich repeat RLKs that in Arabidopsis consists of three genes:ERECTA,ERL1,and ERL2.ERfs sense secreted cysteine-rich peptides from the EPF/EPFL family and transmit the signal through a MAP kinase cascade.This review discusses the functions of ERfs in stomata development,in regulation of longitudinal growth of aboveground organs,during reproductive development,and in the shoot apical meristem.In addition the role of ERECTA in plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors is examined. | Elena D.Shpak | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，12： | 19 |
| 17 | Overcoming endocrine resistance in metastatic breast cancer: Current evidence and future directions显示文摘About 75% of all breast cancers are estrogen receptor(ER)-positive. They generally have a more favorable clinical behavior, prognosis, and pattern of recurrence, and endocrine therapy forms the backbone of treatment. Anti-estrogens(such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant) and aromatase inhibitors(such as anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) can effectively control the disease and induce tumor responses in a large proportion of patients. However, the majority of patients progress during endocrine therapy(acquired resistance) and a proportion of patients may fail to respond to initial therapy(de novo resistance). Endocrine resistance is therefore of clinical concern and there is great interest in strategies that delay or circumvent it. A deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that drive endocrine resistance has recently led to development of new strategies that have the promise to effectivelyovercome it. Many resistance mechanisms have been described, and the crosstalk between ER and growth factor receptor signaling pathways seems to represent one of the most relevant. Compounds that are able to inhibit key elements of these pathways and restore endocrine sensitivity have been studied and more are currently under development. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular pathophysiology of endocrine resistance in breast cancer and its impact on current clinical management. | Andrea Milani Elena Geuna Gloria Mittica Giorgio Valabrega | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 18 |
| 18 | Targeting of the AKT/m-TOR Pathway: Biomarkers of Resistance to Cancer Therapy——AKT/m-TOR Pathway and Resistance to Cancer Therapy显示文摘Resistance to cancer therapy continues to be a major limitation for the successful treatment of cancer. There are many published studies on therapy resistance in breast and prostate cancers; however, there are currently no data on molecular markers associated with resistance. The conflicting data were reported regarding the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components as markers predicting resistance. The AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway is involved in the development of many human cancers; its activation is related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as to therapy resistance. Molecular alterations in the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway provide a platform to identify universal markers associated with the development of resistance to cancer therapy. | Liudmila V SPIRINA Irina V KONDAKOVA Natalia V TARASENKO Elena M SLONIMSKAYA Evgeny A USYNIN Alexey K GORBUNOV Zahar A YURMAZOV Svetlana Yu CHIGEVSKAYA | 2018 | 中国肺癌杂志2018，21，1： | 18 |
| 19 | Effect of resistance training on non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease a randomized-clinical trial显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of resistance training(RT)on non alcoholic liver disease(NAFLD)patients.METHODS:A randomized clinical trial enrolling NAFLD patients without secondary liver disease(e.g.,without hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus or excessive alcohol consumption).Patients were randomly allocated either to RT,three times weekly,for 3 mo or a control arm consisting of home stretching.The RT included leg press,chest press,seated rowing,latissimus pull down etc.with 8-12 repetitions,3 sets for each exercise,for a total duration of 40 min.Hepatic ultrasound,fasting blood tests,anthropometrics and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed.At baseline and follow-up,patients filled out a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire reporting their habitual nutritional intake.Steatosis was quantified by the hepatorenal-ultrasound index(HRI)representing the ratio between the brightness level of the liver and the right kidney.The HRI has been previously demonstrated to be highly reproducible and was validated against liver biopsy and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.RESULTS:Eighty two patients with primary NAFLD were randomized to receive 3 mo of either RT or stretching.After dropout or exclusion from analysis because of protocol violation(weight change>3 kg),thirty three patients in the RT arm and 31 in the stretching arm completed the study per protocol.All baseline characteristics were similar for the two treatment groups with respect to demographics,anthropometrics and body composition,blood tests and liver steatosis on imaging.HRI score was reduced significantly in the RT arm as compared to the stretching arm(-0.25±0.37 vs-0.05±0.28,P=0.017).The RT arm had a significantly higher reduction in total,trunk and android fat with increase in lean body mass.There was no correlation between the reduction in HRI in the RT arm and weight change during the study,but it was positively correlated with the change in trunk fat(r=0.37,P=0.048).The RT arm had a significant reduction in serum ferritin and total cholesterol.There was no significant difference between arms in dietary changes and these did not correlate with HRI change.CONCLUSION:Three months RT improves hepatic fat content accompanied by favorable changes in body composition and ferritin.RT may serve as a complement to treatment of NAFLD. | Shira Zelber-Sagi Assaf Buch Hanny Yeshua Nahum Vaisman Muriel Webb Gil Harari Ofer Kis Naomi Fliss-Isakov Elena Izkhakov Zamir Halpern Erwin Santo Ran Oren Oren Shibolet | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，15： | 17 |
| 20 | 干辣椒风味物质气相色谱及质谱方法的研究显示文摘用嗅觉测量法-气相色谱联用(GC-O),火焰离子检测器-气相色谱联用(GC-FID),质谱-气相色谱联用(GC-MS)三种气相色谱检测方法和常压化学离子化飞行时间质谱(APCI-TOFMS),质子传递反应质谱(PTR-MS)两种直接质谱检测方法来比较测定干辣椒中的挥发性香味成分。干辣椒的挥发性香味成分的大体描述最后由感官评定来确定。三种较显著的风味分别是:辣椒味、煮熟蔬菜味和青草味。用气质联用顶空分析法共有63种挥发性香味成分被分离出来。而嗅觉测量法-气相色谱联用(GC-O)认为其中的11种成分决定了辣椒的香味活跃程度。在所有的方法中普遍认为:3-甲基正丁醛是最活跃的香味成份,其次是2-甲基正丁醛。确定挥发性香味成分的多少主要是受测定方法的影响。色谱方法之间有很强的相关性(ρ=0.946)。直接质谱法相关性不显著(ρ=0.613)。经过不同方法的分析,我们发现,用GC-MS,GC-FID和PTR-MS三种方法检测出的挥发性香味成分并没有显著的不同,显著性的差异主要存在于PCI-TOFMS法和其工艺的不同(P<0.01).(Int J Mass Spectrom223-224(2003)55-65) | Saskia van Ruth Elena Boscaini Dagmar Mayr Jonathan Pugh Maarten Posthumus 刘蓉 刘志敏 | 2007 | 辣椒杂志2007，，1： | 15 |
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