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| 1 | Assessment of metastatic liver disease in patients with primary extrahepatic tumors by contrast-enhanced sonography versus CT and MRI显示文摘瞄准:与已知的额外的肝的原发性瘤对包括 CT, MRI 和临床 / 组织学的数据的联合标准答案在病人在肝转移的察觉用 SonoVue 评估提高对比的 ultrasonography (CEUS ) 。方法:它是一国际多集中学习,并且有 12 个中心和 125 个病人(64 男性, 61 女性,变老 59+/-11 年) 包含,与 102 个病人一起每协议。原发性瘤是在 35% 表面的颜色,在 27% 的胸,在 17% 胰腺并且其它在 21% 。用 SonoVue 的 CEUS 用西门子 Elegra, Philips HDI 5000 和 Acuson 红杉与一种 low-mechanical-index 技术和对比特定的软件被采用;为至少五分钟的连续扫描。结果:有 SonoVue 的 CEUS 显著地增加了检测的焦点的肝损害对 unenhanced sonography 的数字。在 31.4% 病人,更多的损害在对比改进以后被发现。检测的损害的全部的数字与 CEUS (55 ) 是可比较的,三倍阶段的螺线 CT (61 ) 和有一个肝特定的对比代理人(53 ) 的 MRI。变形疾病的察觉的精确性(即至少一变形损害) 比为 unenhanced sonography (81.4%) 为 CEUS (91.2%) 是显著地更高的并且类似于三倍阶段的螺线 CT (89.2%) 的。在其 CEUS 检查否定的 53 个病人,后续考试 3-6 瞬间以后在 50 个病人(94.4%) 证实了变形损害的缺席。结论:CEUS 被证明在在有已知的额外的肝的原发性瘤的病人的肝转移的察觉可靠并且怀疑肝损害。 | Christoph F Dietrich Wolfgang Kratzer Deike Strobel Etienne Danse Robert Fessl Alfred Bunk Udo Vossas Karlheinz Hauenstein Wilhelm Koch Wolfgang Blank Matthijs Oudkerk Dietbert Hahn Christian Greis | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，11： | 39 |
| 2 | New ultrasound techniques for lymph node evaluation显示文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)is the recommended imaging method for lymph node(LN)diseases with the advantages of high resolution,real time evaluation and relative low costs.Current indications of transcutaneous ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound include the detection and characterization of lymph nodes and the guidance for LN biopsy.Recent advances in US technology,such as contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound(CE-EUS),and real time elastography show potential to improve the accuracy of US for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes.In addition,CEUS and CE-EUS have been also used for the guidance of fine needle aspiration and assessment of treatment response.Complementary to size criteria,CEUS could also be used to evaluate response of tumor angiogenesis to anti-angiogenic therapies.In this paper we review current literature regarding evaluation of lymphadenopathy by new and innovative US techniques. | Xin-Wu Cui Christian Jenssen Adrian Saftoiu Andre Ignee Christoph F Dietrich | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，30： | 25 |
| 3 | Dynamic magnetic resonance defecography in 10 asymptomatic volunteers显示文摘AIM: Evaluation of the wide range of normal findings in asymptomatic women undergoing dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) defecography. METHODS: MR defecography of 10 healthy female volunteers (median age: 31 years) without previous pregnancies or history of surgery were evaluated. The rectum was filled with 180 mL gadolinium ultrasound gel mixture. MR defecography was performed in the supine position. The pelvic floor was visualized with a dynamic T2-weighted sagittal plane where all relevant pelvic floor organs were acquired during defecation. The volunteers were instructed to relax and then to perform straining maneuvers to empty the rectum. The pubococcygeal line (PCGL) was used as the line of reference. The movement of pelvic floor organs was measured as the vertical distance to this reference line. Data were recorded in the resting position as well as during the defecation process with maximal straining. Examinations were performed and evaluated by two experienced abdominal radiologists without knowledge of patient history. RESULTS: Average position of the anorectal junction was located at -5.3 mm at rest and -29.9 mm during straining. The anorectal angle widened significantly from 93° at rest to 109° during defecation. A rectocele was diagnosed in eight out of 10 volunteers showing an average diameter of 25.9 mm. The bladder base was located at a position of +23 mm at rest and descended to -8.1 mm during defecation in relation to the PCGL. The bladder base moved below the PCGL in six out of 10 volunteers, which was formally defined as a cystocele. The uterocervical junction was located at an average level of +43.1 mm at rest and at +7.9 mm during straining. The uterocervical junction of three volunteers fell below the PCGL; described formally as uterocervical prolapse. CONCLUSION: Based on the range of standard values in asymptomatic volunteers, MR defecography values for pathological changes have to be re-evaluated. | Andreas G Schreyer Christian Paetzel Alois Fürst Lena M Dendl Elisabeth Hutzel René Müller-Wille Philipp Wiggermann Stephan Schleder Christian Stroszczynski Patrick Hoffstetter | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，46： | 7 |
| 4 | Isolation and characterisation of human gingival margin-derived STRO-1/MACS^+ and MACS^-cell populations显示文摘Recently,gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells isolated via STRO-1/magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS) showed remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo.As a second-stage investigation,the present study's aim was to perform in vitro characterisation and comparison of the stem/progenitor cell characteristics of sorted STRO-1-positive(MACS^+) and STRO-1-negative(MACS^-) cell populations from the human free gingival margin.Cells were isolated from the free gingiva using a minimally invasive technique and were magnetically sorted using anti-STRO-1 antibodies.Subsequently,the MACS^+ and MACS^- cell fractions were characterized by flow cytometry for expression of CD14,CD34,CD45,CD73,CD90,CD105,CD146/MUC18 and STRO-1.Colony-forming unit(CFU) and multilineage differentiation potential were assayed for both cell fractions.Mineralisation marker expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).MACS^+ and MACS- cell fractions showed plastic adherence.MACS^+ cells,in contrast to MACS- cells,showed all of the predefined mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell characteristics and a significantly higher number of CFUs(P<0.01).More than 95%of MACS^+ cells expressed CD105,CD90 and CD73;lacked the haematopoietic markers CD45,CD34 and CD14,and expressed STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18.MACS- cells showed a different surface marker expression profile,with almost no expression of CD14 or STRO-1,and more than 95%of these cells expressed CD73,CD90 and CD146/MUC18,as well as the haematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 and CD105.MACS^+ cells could be differentiated along osteoblastic,adipocytic and chondroblastic lineages.In contrast,MACS- cells demonstrated slight osteogenic potential.Unstimulated MACS^+ cells showed significantly higher expression of collagen I(P<0.05) and collagen III(P<0.01),whereas MACS^- cells demonstrated higher expression of osteonectin(P<0.05;MannWhitney).The present study is the first to compare gingival MACS^+ and MACS- cell populations demonstrating that MACS^+ cells,in contrast to MACS- cells,harbour stem/progenitor cell characteristics.This study also validates the effectiveness of the STRO-l/MACS^+technique for the isolation of gingival stem/progenitor cells.Human free gingival margin-derived STRO-1/MACS^+ cells are a unique renewable source of multipotent stem/progenitor cells. | Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed Sebastian Paris Christian Graetz Neemat Kassem Mohamed Mekhemar Hendrick Ungefroren Fred Fndrich Christof Drfer | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，2： | 6 |
| 5 | How to perform gastrointestinal ultrasound: anatomy and normal findings显示文摘Gastrointestinal ultrasound is a practical, safe, cheap and reproducible diagnostic tool in inflammatorybowel disease gaining global prominence amongst clinicians. Understanding the embryological processes of the intestinal tract assists in the interpretation of abnormal sonographic findings. In general terms, the examination principally comprises interrogation of the colon, mesentery and small intestine using both lowfrequency and high-frequency probes. Interpretation of findings on GIUS includes assessment of bowel wall thickness, symmetry of this thickness, evidence of transmural changes, assessment of vascularity using Doppler imaging and assessment of other specific features including lymph nodes, mesentery and luminal motility. In addition to B-mode imaging, transperineal ultrasonography, elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography are useful adjuncts. This supplement expands upon these features in more depth. | Nathan S S Atkinson Robert V Bryant Yi Dong Christian Maaser Torsten Kucharzik Giovanni Maconi Anil K Asthana Michael Blaivas Adrian Goudie Odd Helge Gilja Dieter Nuernberg Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich Christoph F Dietrich | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，38： | 5 |
| 6 | Hepatitis B and D Viruses Exploit Sodium Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide for Species-specific Entry into Hepatocytes显示文摘 | Yi Ni Florian A. Lempp Stefan Mehrle Shirin Nkongolo Christina Kaufman Maria F?lth Jan Stindt Christian K?niger Michael Nassal Ralf Kubitz Holger Sültmann Stephan Urban | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，： | 5 |
| 7 | Blood glucose response after oral intake of lactulose in healthy volunteers:A randomized,controlled,cross-over study显示文摘AIM To investigate possible changes of blood glucose levels after oral intake of lactulose in healthy subjects.METHODS The study was performed as prospective, randomized, two-part study with 4-way cross-over design with n = 12 in each study arm. Capillary blood glucose levels were determined over a time period of 180 min after intake of a single dose of 10 g or 20 g lactulose provided as crystal or liquid formulation. During the manufacturing process of lactulose, impurities with sugars(e.g., lactose, fructose, galactose) occur. Water and 20 g glucose were used as control and reference. Because lactulose is used as a functional food ingredient, it may also be consumed by people with impaired glucose tolerance, including diabetics. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the described carbohydrate impurities may increase blood glucose levels after ingestion. RESULTS The blood glucose concentration-time curves after intake of 10 g lactulose, 20 g lactulose, and water were almost identical. None of the three applications showed any changes in blood glucose levels. After intake of 20 g glucose, blood glucose concentration increased by approximately 3 mmol/L(mean Cmax = 8.3 mmol/L), reaching maximum levels after approximately 30 min and returning to baseline within approximately 90 min, which was significantly different to the corresponding 20 g lactulose formulations(P < 0.0001). Comparing the two lactulose formulations, crystals and liquid, in the dosage of 10 g and 20 g, there was no difference in the blood glucose profile and calculated pharmacokinetic parameters despite the different amounts of carbohydrate impurities(1.5% for crystals and 26.45% for liquid). Anyhow, the absolute amount of single sugars was low with 0.3 g in crystals and 5.29 g in liquid formulation in the 20 g dosages. Lactulose was well tolerated by most volunteers, and only some reported mild to moderate mainly gastrointestinal side effects. CONCLUSION The unchanged blood glucose levels after lactulose intake in healthy subjects suggest its safe use in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. | Jasmin Steudle Christiane Schon Manfred Wargenau Lioba Pauly Susann Schwejda-Güttes Barbara Gaigg Angelika Kuchinka-Koch John F Stover | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2018，9，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Fortuitously discovered liver lesions显示文摘The fortuitously discovered liver lesion is a common problem. Consensus might be expected in terms of its work-up, and yet there is none. This stems in part from the fact that there is no preventive campaign involving the early detection of liver tumors other than for patients with known liver cirrhosis and oncological patients. The work-up (detection and differential diagnosis) of liver tumors comprises theoretical considerations, history, physical examination, laboratory tests, standard ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound techniques, contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imageguided biopsy. CEUS techniques have proved to be the most pertinent method; these techniques became part of the clinical routine about 10 years ago in Europe and Asia and are used for a variety of indications in daily clinical practice. CEUS is in many cases the first and also decisive technical intervention for detecting and characterizing liver tumors. This development is reflected in many CEUS guidelines, e.g. , in the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) guidelines 2004, 2008 and 2012 as well as the recently published World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology-EFSUMB guidelines 2012. This article sets out considerations for making a structured work-up of incidental liver tumors feasible. | Christoph F Dietrich Malay Sharma Robert N Gibson Schreiber-Dietrich Christian Jenssen | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，21： | 3 |
| 9 | Targeting DNA Double-Strand Breaks with TAL Effector Nucleases显示文摘 | Christian Michelle Cermak Tomas Doyle Erin L Schmidt Clarice Zhang Feng Hummel Aaron Bogdanove Adam J Voytas Daniel F | 2010 | Genetics2010，，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Noninvasive detection and evaluation of atherosclerotic coronary plaques with multislice computed tomography 1 1 This study was performed without additional financial support.显示文摘 | Stephen Schroeder Andreas F Kopp Andreas Baumbach Christoph Meisner Axel Kuettner Christian Georg Bernd Ohnesorge Christian Herdeg Claus D Claussen Karl R Karsch | 2001 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2001，，5： | 3 |
| 11 | Serous pancreatic neoplasia, data and review显示文摘AIM To describe the imaging features of serous neoplasms of the pancreas using ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.METHODS This multicenter international collaboration enhances a literature review to date, reporting features of 287 histologically confirmed cases of serous pancreatic cystic neoplasms(SPN). RESULTS Female predominance is seen with most SPN presenting asymptomatically in the 5th through 7th decade. Mean lesion size was 38.7 mm, 98% were single, 44.2% cystic, 46% mixed cystic and solid, and 94% hypoechoic on B-mode ultrasound. Vascular patterns and contrast-enhancement profiles are described as hypervascular and hyperenhancing.CONCLUSION The described ultrasound features can aid differentiation of SPN from other neoplastic lesions under most circumstances. | Christoph F Dietrich Yi Dong Christian Jenssen Valentina Ciaravino Michael Hocke Wen-Ping Wang Eike Burmester Kathleen Moeller Nathan SS Atkinson Paola Capelli Mirko D’Onofrio | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，30： | 3 |
| 12 | Geographic routing in city scenarios显示文摘 | Christian Lochert Martin Mauve Holger Fü?ler Hannes Hartenstein | 2005 | ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review2005，，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Genotype-dependent activation or repression of HBV enhancer Ⅱ by transcription factor COUP-TF1显示文摘AIM: To study the expression of HBV enhancer Ⅱ by transcription factor COUP-TF1. METHODS: In order to study the regulation of HBV variants in the vicinity of the NRRE we cloned luciferase constructs containing the HBV enhancer Ⅱ from variants and from HBV genotypes A and D and cotransfected them together with expression vectors for COUP-TF1 into HepG2 cells. RESULTS: Our fi ndings show that enhancer Ⅱ of HBV genotype A is also repressed by COUP-TF1. In contrast, two different enhancer Ⅱ constructs of HBV genotype D were activated by COUP-TF1. The activation was independent of the NRRE because a natural variant with a deletion of nt 1763-1770 was still activated by COUP- TF1. CONCLUSION: Regulation of transcription of the HBV genome seems to differ among HBV genomes derived from different genotypes. These differences in transcriptional control among HBV genotypes may be the molecular basis for differences in the clinical course among HBV genotypes. | Silke F Fischer Katja Schmidt Nicola Fiedler Dieter Glebe Christian Schüttler Jianguang Sun Wolfram H Gerlich Reinald Repp Stephan Schaefer | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，37： | 2 |
| 14 | Outcomes of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England after the first 1 million tests显示文摘 | Richard F A Logan Julietta Patnick Claire Nickerson Lynn Coleman Matt D Rutter Christian von Wagner | 2012 | Gut2012，，10： | 2 |
| 15 | Influence of heart rate on vessel visibility in noninvasive coronary angiography using new multislice computed tomography显示文摘 | Stephen Schroeder Andreas F Kopp Axel Kuettner Christof Burgstahler Christian Herdeg Martin Heuschmid Andreas Baumbach Claus D Claussen Karl R Karsch Ludger Seipel | 2002 | Clinical Imaging2002，，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Removal of divalent metal cations and their mixture from aqueous streams using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration显示文摘 | SCAMEBORN J F CHRISTIAN S D EI-SAYED D A | 1994 | Separate Science Technology1994，29，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Benzophenone glycosides from Gnidia involucrata显示文摘 | JULIEN F CHRISTIAN T SEVSEN S | 2000 | Phytochemistry2000，54，： | 1 |
| 18 | Sevoflurane provides Greather protection of the myocardium than propofol in undergoing off pump coronary artery by pass surgery显示文摘 | Conzen PF Susane F Christian D | 2003 | AnesthesioIogy2003，99，： | 1 |
| 19 | Biological treatment of ammoniumrich wastewater by partial nitrification and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)in a pilot plant显示文摘 | Christian F Marc B Philipp H | 2002 | Journal of Biotechnology2002，99，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitrification and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in a pilot plant显示文摘 | CHRISTIAN F MARC B PHILIPP H | 2002 | Journal of Biotechnology2002，99，： | 1 |
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