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| 1 | Pathogenesis and management issues for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has, although it is a very common disorder, only relatively recently gained broader interest among physicians and scientists. Fatty liver has been documented in up to 10 to 15 percent of normal individuals and 70 to 80 percent of obese individuals. Although the pathophysiology of NAFLD is still subject to intensive research, several players and mechanisms have been suggested based on the substantial evidence. Excessive hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation resulting from insulin resistance is the first step in the proposed 'two hit' model of the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Oxidative stress resulting from mitochondrial fatty acids oxidation, NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine expression and adipocytokines are all considered to be the potential factors causing second hits which lead to hepatocyte injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Although it was initially believed that NAFLD is a completely benign disorder, histologic follow-up studies have showed that fibrosis progression occurs in about a third of patients. A small number of patients with NAFLD eventually ends up with end-stage liver disease and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Although liver biopsy is currently the only way to confirm the NAFLD diagnosis and distinguish between fatty liver alone and NASH, no guidelines or firm recommendations can still be made as for when and in whom it is necessary. Increased physical activity, gradual weight reduction and in selected cases bariatric surgery remain the mainstay of NAFLD therapy. Studies with pharmacologic agents are showing promising results, but available data are still insufficient to make specific recommendations; their use therefore remains highly individual. | Marko Duvnjak Ivan Leroti Neven Bari Vedran Tomai Lucija Virovi Juki Vedran Velagi | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，34： | 74 |
| 2 | The role of gut microbiota(commensal bacteria)and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer:contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases显示文摘Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the microbiota(microbiome),and,in parallel,functional studies are being performed to analyze the effects of the microbiota on the host.Gnotobiological methods are an indispensable tool for studying the consequences of bacterial colonization.Animals used as models of human diseases can be maintained in sterile conditions(isolators used for germ-free rearing)and specifically colonized with defined microbes(including non-cultivable commensal bacteria).The effects of the germ-free state or the effects of colonization on disease initiation and maintenance can be observed in these models.Using this approach we demonstrated direct involvement of components of the microbiota in chronic intestinal inflammation and development of colonic neoplasia(i.e.,using models of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma).In contrast,a protective effect of microbiota colonization was demonstrated for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice.Interestingly,the development of atherosclerosis in germ-free apolipoprotein E(ApoE)-deficient mice fed by a standard low-cholesterol diet is accelerated compared with conventionally reared animals.Mucosal induction of tolerance to allergen Bet v1 was not influenced by the presence or absence of microbiota.Identification of components of the microbiota and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their action in inducing pathological changes or exerting beneficial,disease-protective activities could aid in our ability to influence the composition of the microbiota and to find bacterial strains and components(e.g.,probiotics and prebiotics)whose administration may aid in disease prevention and treatment. | Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova Renata Stepankova Hana Kozakova Tomas Hudcovic Luca Vannucci Ludmila Tuckova Pavel Rossmann TomasHrncır Miloslav Kverka Zuzana Zakostelska Klara Klimesova Jaroslava Pribylova Jirina Bartova Daniel Sanchez Petra Fundova Dana Borovska Dagmar Sru˚tkova Zdenek Zıdek Martin Schwarzer Pavel Drastich David P Funda | 2011 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2011，8，2： | 47 |
| 3 | 黄芪总黄酮对动脉粥样硬化早期形成的影响显示文摘目的 探讨黄芪总黄酮(TFA)对高脂饲料诱导家兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)的防护作用。方法 60只新西兰白兔被随机分为5组,分别给正常饲料(对照组,n=10)、高脂饲料(造模组,n=10)、高脂饲料加维生素E 400 IU·d^(-1)(VitE组,n=10)、高脂饲料加TFA 60 mg·d^(-1)(TFA 1组,n=15)和高脂饲料加TFA 120 mg·d^(-1)(TFA 2组,n=15)处理12 wk,动态监测(0、8和12 wk)血脂的变化,实验结束前,所有动物用CO_2处死,分别检测主动脉弓的病理变化和胆固醇的含量。结果 实验数据表明所有接受高脂饲料的动物血浆中的总胆固醇、甘油三脂、主动脉弓的粥样硬化斑块面积、胆固醇含量和动脉壁内膜与中膜平均厚度比值均高于正常饲料组。TFA能降低血浆总胆固醇(P<0.05)、动脉壁中的胆固醇和动脉壁内膜与中膜比率;两种浓度的TFA(60和120 mg·d^(-1))能分别降低43.1%和63.0%的AS斑块面积;维生素E可降低动脉壁中的胆固醇沉积和动脉壁内膜与中膜比率(P<0.05),减低43.7%的AS斑块面积。在本实验中TFA和维生素E对甘油三脂代谢无影响。结论 TFA对高脂饲料诱导家兔AS形成有一定的防护作用。 | 汪德清 丁保国 Tomas G Neil 田亚平 王成彬 Tomlinson Brian | 2003 | 中国药理学通报2003，19，6： | 48 |
| 4 | 新疆雪豹种群密度监测方法探讨显示文摘2004—2010年间,前后累计270多天,新疆雪豹研究小组在新疆北塔山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山、天山东部和托木尔峰地区20多个地点(山谷),对雪豹(Uncia uncia)的痕迹进行了全面调查,共计完成150多条样线,总长度接近190 km,痕迹数平均为1~3个.·km^-1。记录到的痕迹有粪团、嗅痕(气味标记)、足迹链、刨痕(刨坑)、爪痕、卧迹、毛发、尿迹、血迹、剩余食物(动物尸体)和吼声等。通过痕迹学的分析,初步掌握雪豹的领域范围、分布规律和相对密度。之后开展了红外相机拍摄、雪豹食物资源普查、市场毛皮调查、贸易通道调查、杀戮案件搜集、民间问卷调查、非政府组织(NGO)社区服务与牧业冲突调研等工作。同期布设红外相机36台,约2 094个照相日,计50 256 h,回收胶卷71个,回收清晰雪豹照片32张,平均拍摄率或"捕获率"(capture rate)达1.53%。确定在托木尔峰250 km^2范围内有5~8只雪豹活动,密度为2.0~3.2只·(100 km^2)^-1。在比较分析各种监测结果的基础上,讨论了新疆雪豹种群密度不同监测方法的优点与局限性。 | 马鸣 徐峰 Bariushaa Munkhtsog 吴逸群 Tomas McCarthy Kyle McCarthy | 2011 | 生态与农村环境学报2011，27，1： | 32 |
| 5 | The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis显示文摘Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is important in Chinese traditional medicine where preparations of dried roots,'Huang Qin,' are used for liver and lung complaints and as complementary cancer treatments. We report a high-quality reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis where 93% of the 408.14-Mb genome has been assembled into nine pseudochromosomes with a super-N50 of 33.2 Mb. Comparison of this sequence with those of closely related species in the order Lamiales, sesamum indicum and Salvia splendens,revealed that a specialized metabolic pathway for the synthesis of 4'-deoxyflavone bioactives evolved in the genus Scu-tellaria. We found that the gene encoding a specific cinnamate coenzyme A ligase likely obtained its newfunc- tion following recent mutations, and that four genes encoding enzymes in the 4'-deoxyflavone pathway are present as tandem repeats in the genome of S. baicalensis. Further analyses revealed that gene duplications, segmental duplication, gene amplification, and point mutations coupled to gene neo- and subfunctionaliza-tions were involved in the evolution of 4'-deoxyflavone synthesis in the genus Scutellaria. Our study not only provides significant insight into the evolution of specific flavone biosynthetic pathways in the mint family, Lamiaceae, but also will facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants. The reference genome of S. baicalensis is also useful for improving the genome assemblies for other members of the mint family and offers an important foundation for decoding the synthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. | Qing Zhao Jun Yang Meng-Ying Cui Jie Liu Yumin Fang Mengxiao Yan Wenqing Qiu Huiwen Shang Zhicheng Xu Reheman Yidiresi Jing-Ke Weng Tomas Pluskal Marielle Vigouroux Burkhard Steuernagel Yukun Wei Lei Yang Yonghong Hu Xiao-Ya Chen Cathie Martin | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，7： | 23 |
| 6 | Therapeutic effects of Clostridium butyricum on experimental colitis induced by oxazolone in rats显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a probiotic supplement(Clostridium butyricum,CGMCC0313)in a chemically-induced rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS:An experimental ulcerative colitis model was established by rectal injection of oxazolone into the colon of 40 Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups.The positive control group was sacrificed 3 d after colitis onset.The remaining groups were fed daily with either 2 mL of C.butyricum(2.3×1011 CFU/L), 2 mL of mesalamine(100 g/L),or 1 mL of sodium butyrate(50 mmol/L)for 21 d.The animals’body weight, behavior,and bowel movements were recorded weekly. After sacrifice,visual and microscopic observations of pathological changes of colon tissue were made,body weight and wet colon mass index were measured and recorded,and serum levels of interleukin-23(IL-23) and TNF-αwere measured using ELISA.Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in colon tissue was measured by RT-PCR.Finally,changes in rat intestinal microflora status were measured in all groups. RESULTS:We found that treatment with C.butyricum lowered the serum levels of both IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)with similar or even better efficiency than that of mesalamine or sodium butyrate. The rat intestinal flora appeared to recover more quickly in the group treated with C.butyricum than in the mesalamine and sodium butyrate groups.Finally,we found that the expression level of calcitonin gene related peptide was elevated in colon tissue in the sodium butyrate treated group but not in the C.butyricum or mesalamine treated groups,indicating a sensitization of colon following sodium butyrate treatment.CONCLUSION:In our experimental colitis model, treatment with C.butyricum CGMCC0313,a probiotic supplement,is at least as efficient as treatment with mesalamine. | Hai-Qiang Zhang Tomas T Ding Jun-Sheng Zhao Xin Yang Hai-Xia Zhang Juan-Juan Zhang Yun-Long Cui | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，15： | 19 |
| 7 | Complete Pathway Elucidation and Heterologous Reconstitution of Rhodiola Salidroside Biosynthesis显示文摘Salidroside 是导出酷氨酸的酉分的自然产品在 Rhodiola 类下面在药用的植物发现了的 bioactive。除了他们在传统的药的反疲劳和反血缺氧角色, Rhodiola 全部的摘录和 salidroside 也作为反心血管的疾病和反癌症代理人显示了药用的性质。在 Rhodiola 植物和 salidroside 的全球需求的产生巨浪驱使某种类靠近到扑灭。这里,我们报导为 Rhodiola rosea 利用第一全面 transcriptomics 和 metabolomics 数据集的 Rhodiola salidroside biosynthetic 小径的完整的说明。不同于包含分开的去碳酸基和 deamination 的以前建议的小径从酷氨酸的酶的步到关键中间的 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA ) , Rhodiola 包含 pyridoxal 磷酸盐依赖者 4-HPAA synthase ? 那直接把酷氨酸变换成 4-HPAA。我们推进 ? 编码随后的 4-HPAA reductase 的识别基因 ? 并且 tyrosol :UDP 葡萄糖 8-O-glucosyltransferase,分别地在 Rhodiola 完成 salidroside 生合成。我们证明 salidroside 的那 heterologous 生产能通过 Rhodiola salidroside biosynthetic 基因的转基因的表示在酵母 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 以及植物 Nicotiana benthamiana 被完成。这研究为在 heterologous 主人设计 salidroside 的持续生产提供新工具。 | Michael P. Torrens-Spence Tomas Pluskal Fu-Shuang Li Valentina Carballo Jing-Ke Weng | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，1： | 14 |
| 8 | Higher vitamin D serum concentration increases health related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of vitamin D(VD) concentrations and VD supplementation on health related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) patients. METHODS: A cohort of 220 IBD patients including 141 Crohn's disease(CD) and 79 ulcerative colitis(UC) patients was followed-up at a tertiary IBD center. A subgroup of the cohort(n = 26) took VD supplements for > 3 mo. Health related quality of life was assessed using the short IBD questionnaire(s IBDQ). VD serum concentration and s IBDQ score were assessed between August and October 2012(summer/autumn period) and between February and April 2013(winter/spring period). The mean VD serum concentration and its correlation with disease activity of CD were determined for each season separately. In a subgroup of patients, the effects of VD supplementation on winter VD serum concentration, change in VD serum concentration from summer to winter, and winter s IBDQ score were analyzed.RESULTS: During the summer/autumn and the winter/spring period, 28% and 42% of IBD patients were VD-deficient(< 20 ng/m L), respectively. In the winter/spring period, there was a significant correlation between s IBDQ score and VD serum concentration in UC patients(r = 0.35, P = 0.02), with a trend towards significance in CD patients(r = 0.17, P = 0.06). In the winter/spring period, VD-insufficient patients(< 30 ng/m L) had a significantly lower mean s IBDQ score than VD-sufficient patients; this was true of both UC(48.3 ± 2.3 vs 56.7 ± 3.4, P = 0.04) and CD(55.7 ± 1.25 vs 60.8 ± 2.14, P = 0.04) patients. In all analyzed scenarios(UC/CD, the summer/autumn period and the winter/spring period), health related quality of life was the highest in patients with VD serum concentrations of 50-59 ng/m L. Supplementation with a median of 800 IU/d VD day did not influence VD serum concentration or the s IBDQ score.CONCLUSION: VD serum concentration correlated with health related quality of life in UC and CD patients during the winter/spring period. | Tibor Hlavaty Anna Krajcovicova Tomas Koller Jozef Toth Monika Nevidanska Martin Huorka Juraj Payer | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，42： | 11 |
| 9 | Is endoscopic ultrasound examination necessary in the management of esophageal cancer?显示文摘Despite substantial efforts at early diagnosis, accurate staging and advanced treatments, esophageal cancer(EC) continues to be an ominous disease worldwide. Risk factors for esophageal carcinomas include obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hard-alcohol use and tobacco smoking. Five-year survival rates have improved from 5% to 20% since the 1970 s, the result of advances in diagnostic staging and treatment. As the most sensitive test for locoregional staging of EC, endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) influences the development of an optimal oncologic treatment plan for a significant minority of patients with early cancers, which appropriately balances the risks and benefits of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. EUS is costly, and may not be available at all centers. Thus, the yield of EUS needs to be thoughtfully considered for each patient. Localized intramucosal cancers occasionally require endoscopic resection(ER) for histologic staging or treatment; EUS evaluation may detect suspicious lymph nodes prior to exposing the patient to the risks of ER. Although positron emission tomography(PET) has been increasingly utilized in staging EC, it may be unnecessary for clinical staging of early, localized EC and carries the risk of false-positive metastasis(over staging). In EC patients with evidence of advanced disease, EUS or PET may be used to define the radiotherapy field. Multimodality staging with EUS, crosssectional imaging and histopathologic analysis of ER, remains the standard-of-care in the evaluation of early esophageal cancers. Herein, published data regarding use of EUS for intramucosal, local, regional and metastatic esophageal cancers are reviewed. An algorithm to illustrate the current use of EUS at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is presented. | Tomas DaVee Jaffer A Ajani Jeffrey H Lee | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，5： | 11 |
| 10 | Colonization of germ-free mice with a mixture of three lactobacillus strains enhances the integrity of gut mucosa and ameliorates allergic sensitization显示文摘临床的试用和动物实验的增加的数字显示出细菌为过敏症预防正在答应工具的那 probiotic。这里,我们在过敏促进感受性上分析了三选择乳杆菌紧张的 immunomodulatory 性质和他们的混合的影响赌 1 用一只 gnotobiotic 老鼠建模的 v。我们显示出那乳杆菌(L.) rhamnosus LOCK0900, L。rhamnosus LOCK0908 和 L。casei LOCK0919 经由像使用费的受体被认出 2 (TLR2 ) 并且核苷酸绑定 oligomerization 包含域的蛋白质 2 (NOD2 ) 受体并且刺激骨头在种类依赖者和紧张依赖者礼貌生产 cytokines 的导出髓的树枝状的房间。殖民无菌(GF ) 有所有三紧张(Lmix ) 的混合物的鼠标由加强 enterocytes 的顶端的 junctional 建筑群并且恢复延续到终端网的微细丝的结构改进了肠的障碍。与 Lmix 开拓殖民地于并且敏化 1 变应原到赌注 v 的老鼠显著地象一个增加的转变生长因素(TGF ) 一样在 sera 和肠的 lavages 显示出变应原特定的 IgE, IgG1 和 IgG2a 和提高的全部的 IgA 水平的底层 -β与敏化的 GF 老鼠相比铺平。从开拓殖民地于 Lmix 的老鼠的 Splenocytes 和 mesenteric 淋巴节点房间显示出 TGF-β 的重要 upregulation;在以后在有赌注 v 的 vitro 刺激 1。我们的结果证明 Lmix 殖民改进了内脏对赌注 v 的上皮的障碍和减少的过敏促进感受性 1。而且,这些调查结果被传播和能分泌的 IgA 和规章的 cytokine TGF-β 的增加的生产伴随;。因此,三乳杆菌紧张的这混合物在人在增加的内脏渗透和过敏症的发作的预防为使用显示出潜力。 | Hana Kozakova Martin Schwarzer Ludmila Tuckova Dagmar Srutkova Elzbieta Czarnowska Ilona Rosiak Tomas Hudcovic Irma Schabussova Petra Hermanova Zuzana Zakostelska Tamara Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk Anna Koryszewska-Baginska Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova Bozena Cukrowska | 2016 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2016，13，2： | 10 |
| 11 | How significant is the association between metabolic syndrome and prevalence of colorectal neoplasia?显示文摘The incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) and colorectal cancer(CRC) has been rising in developed countries. The association between these two diseases has been widely studied and reported. Less evidence is available about the relationship between MS and CRC precancerous lesions(adenomatous polyps, adenomas). The aim of this paper is to present an overview of our scientific understanding of that topic and its implication in clinical practice. One of the principal goals of current CRC secondary prevention efforts is to detect and remove the precancerous lesions in individuals with an average CRC risk to prevent the development of invasive cancer. MS is not currently considered a high-risk CRC factor and is therefore not included in the guidelines of organized screening programs. However, in light of growing scientific evidence, the approach to patients with MS should be changed. Metabolic risk factors for the development of adenomas and cancers are the same- obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. Therefore, the key issue in the near future is the development of a simple scoring system, easy to use in clinical practice, which would identify individuals with high metabolic risk of colorectal neoplasia and would be used for individual CRC secondary prevention strategies. Currently, such scoring systems have been published based on Asian(Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening Score; APCS) and Polish populations. | Stepan Suchanek Tomas Grega Ondrej Ngo Gabriela Vojtechova Ondrej Majek Petra Minarikova Nagyija Brogyuk Bohus Bunganic Bohumil Seifert Ladislav Dusek Miroslav Zavoral | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，36： | 10 |
| 12 | 转诊类型学和驱动力辨析显示文摘分析和讨论转诊的定义、内涵和相关因素是确定转诊行为的评价指标及确定转诊管理和政策的重要前提。本文把转诊行为根据行为的客体划分为使用者转诊和提供者转诊,并讨论了各种转诊行为的驱动力。任何医疗服务行为及其管理制度均建立在对激励行为的理解上。政府如欲推动双向转诊制度向健康的方向发展,应该对各种转诊行为的驱动力和阻力予以深刻的理解,并采用适宜的政策措施培育适宜转诊的驱动力,减少适宜转诊的阻力。 | 杨辉 Christ Anderson Shane Tomas | 2006 | 中国全科医学2006，9，22： | 10 |
| 13 | PBS3 and EPS1 Complete Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis from Isochorismate in Arabidopsis显示文摘Salicylic acid(SA)is an important phytohormone mediating both local and systemic defense responses in plants.Despite over half a century of research,how plants biosynthesize SA remains unresolved.In Arabidop-sis,a major part of SA is derived from isochorismate,a key intermediate produced by the isochorismate syn-thase,which is reminiscent of SA biosynthesis in bacteria.Whereas bacteria employ an isochorismate pyru-vate lyase(IPL)that catalyzes the turnover of isochorismate to pyruvate and SA,plants do not contain an IPL ortholog and generate SA from isochorismate through an unknown mechanism.Combining genetic and biochemical approaches,we delineated the SA biosynthetic pathway downstream of isochorismate in Ara-bidopsis.We found that PBS3,a GH3 acyl adenylase-family enzyme important for SA accumulation,catalyzes ATP-and Mg2+-dependent conjugation of L-glutamate primarily to the 8-carboxyl of isochorismate and yields the key SA biosynthetic intermediate,isochorismoyl-glutamate A.Moreover,we discovered that EPS1,a BAHD acyltransferase-family protein with a previously implicated role in SA accumulation upon pathogen attack,harbors a noncanonical active site and an unprecedented isochorismoyl-glutamate A pyruvoyl-glutamate lyase activity that produces SA from the isochorismoyl-glutamate A substrate.Together,PBS3 and EPS1 form a two-step metabolic pathway to produce SA from isochorismate in Arabidopsis,which is distinct from how SA is biosynthesized in bacteria.This study closes a major knowledge gap in plant SA meta-bolism and would help develop new strategies for engineering disease resistance in crop plants. | Michael P.Torrens-Spence Anastassia Bobokalonova Valentina Carballo Christopher MGlinkerman Toma(s)Pluskal Amber Shen Jing-Ke Weng | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，12： | 10 |
| 14 | Blood pressure and stature in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative persons显示文摘To evaluate vital signs and body indices in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)positive and negative persons.A total of 22 centres entered the study.They were spread over the whole country,corresponding well to the geographical distribution of the Czech population.A total of 1818 subjects(aged 5-98 years)took part in the study,randomly selected out of 38147 subjects.H.pylori infection was investigated by means of a 13Curea breath test.Data on height,weight,systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were collected at the clinics of general practitioners.The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection was 30.4%(402/1321)in adults(≥18 year-old)and 5.2%(26/497)in children and adolescents(≤17 year-old).Once adjusted for age and gender,only a difference in body mass index remained statistically significant with H.pylori positive adults showing an increase of 0.6 kg/m2 in body mass index.Once adjusted for age and gender,we found a difference in height between H.pylori positive and H.pylori negative children and adolescents.On further adjustment for place of residence,this difference became statistically significant,with H.pylori positive children and adolescents being on average 3.5 cm shorter.H.pylori positive adults were significantly older compared to H.pylori negative subjects.Once adjusted for age and gender,H.pylori infection had no impact on body weight,body mass index and vital signs either in adults or children and adolescents.Chronic H.pylori infection appeared to be associated with short stature in children.H.pylori infection did not influence blood pressure,body weight and body mass index either in adults or children and adolescents. | Marcela Kopacova Ilona Koupil Bohumil Seifert Miluska Skodova Fendrichova Jana Spirkova Viktor Vorisek Stanislav Rejchrt Tomas Douda Ilja Tacheci Jan Bures | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，19： | 9 |
| 15 | 农田及生态补偿区甲虫群落结构的差异显示文摘为了调查冬麦田和不同年龄生态补偿区甲虫群落结构和物种多样性,从2003年7到10月和2004年5到6月在瑞士农业区周围不同景观中进行了实地调查,并采用对应及典范对应分析方法,对冬麦田和1~4a不同年龄阶段的野花地中的甲虫群落结构及物种多样性进行了比较系统的研究.结果,共捕甲虫6009只,分别属于150种,25科,其中,麦田共计38种445个体,1~4a不同年龄的野花地中分别计46种,2760个体,81种,1325个体,73种,668个体,75种,811个体.根据食性,植食性种类有98种(65.33%),5189个体(86.35%)、肉食性种类有40种(26.67%),240个体(3.99%)、食菌性种类有10种(6.67%),578个体(9.62%)、食腐性种类有2种(1.33%),2个体(0.03%).冬麦田中栖息的甲虫种类及其物种丰富度和多度与1~4a不同年龄阶段的野花地有明显差异.这主要由于冬麦田中植物种类多样性低和植被结构简单而导致的.在不同演替阶段野花地中甲虫群落物种的丰富度一般在1~3a型野花地之间有差异.1年型野花地具有比较典型的甲虫群落结构,不同演替阶段的野花地对甲虫群落的定居,扩散及其演替过程中具有非常重要的作用.对甲虫提供丰富的食物资源和栖息,繁殖场所.因此,人为在农业区建立生态补偿区,有利于提高无脊椎动物和昆虫多样性,对物种保护方面具有重要意义. | 艾尼瓦尔.吐米尔 马合木提.哈力克 Tomas FRANK | 2005 | 生态学报2005，25，9： | 9 |
| 16 | 基于声谱图纹理特征的蛋鸡发声分类识别显示文摘为有效地辨别蛋鸡不同类型声音,了解蛋鸡的健康状况以及个体需求,提高生产效率的同时改善蛋鸡福利化养殖,提出一种基于声谱图纹理特征的蛋鸡发声分类识别方法。以海兰褐蛋鸡的声音为研究对象,将图像处理和声音处理技术相结合,由一维声音信号转换为二维图像信号,二维声谱图中的纹理特征呈现了蛋鸡声音的更多细节信息。最后,利用2DGabor滤波器提取蛋鸡发声声谱图中的声纹信息,并采用人工神经网络模型进行训练和分类识别。试验结果表明,本文方法平均灵敏度和平均精确度不低于92.0%,风机噪声识别灵敏度达99.3%,鸣叫声识别灵敏度最低,为76.0%。 | 杜晓冬 滕光辉 TOMAS Norton 王朝元 刘慕霖 | 2019 | 农业机械学报2019，50，9： | 9 |
| 17 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 18 | Defensin expression in chronic pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis coli显示文摘瞄准:当在在为家庭腺瘤息肉病关口 i (FAP ) 的 proctocolectomy 以后的病人是稀罕的时, Pouchitis 在小袋外科以后在开始的 10 年期间与 ulcerative 在多达 50% 病人在 ileoanal 小袋发展症候群。Defensins 是天生的免疫系统的主要部件并且在胃肠的微生物引起的动态平衡起一个重要作用。小袋 defensin 和 cytokine 表示与小袋发炎的状态被相关在 pouchitis 学习他们的角色。方法:有 ulcerative 和 FAP 症候群的病人在外科以后与小袋被成层进组,小袋没有或与 pouchitis。从从健康的肠或从有 ulcerative 的病人的正常终端回肠的终端回肠的活体检视用作控制。从小袋和控制的 mRNA 为 defensin 和 cytokine 表示被分析。结果:defensins 的表示在外科以后立即在所有小袋被增加,与控制的回肠相比。开始,在 ulcerative 的小袋比 FAP 小袋揭示了更高的 defensin 表示。Defensin 表示在两个耐心的组衰退了并且与 ulcerative 在病人在 pouchitis 稍微再增加了。没有 pouchitis 的 FAP 小袋有 beta-defensin hBD-1 的强壮的表示,当所有另外的 defensins 在底层留下了时。在 ulcerative 小袋的 Cytokine 表示高,当 FAP 小袋仅仅在外科以后显示出中等提高的 cytokines 时。结论:pouchitis 的开发除了 cytokines 的高表示在 ulcerative 与减少的 defensin 表示相关。在 FAP 小袋的 pouchitis 的低发生与低 cytokine 层次联合与 hBD-1 beta-defensin 的增加的表示相关。 | Karlheinz Kiehne Gabriele Brunke Franziska Wegner Tomas Banasiewicz Ulrich R F lsch Karl-Heinz Herzig | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，7： | 8 |
| 19 | Nitrous oxide fluxes from upland soils in central Hokkaido,Japan显示文摘Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from soils were measured using the closed chamber method during the snow-free seasons (middle April to early November),for three years,in a total of 11 upland crop fields in central Hokkaido,Japan.The annual mean N2O fluxes ranged from 2.95 to 164.17 μgN/(m2·h),with the lowest observed in a grassland and the highest in an onion field.The instantaneous N2O fluxes showed a large temporal variation with peak emissions generally occurring following fertilization and heavy rainfall events around harvesting in autumn.No clear common factor regulating instantaneous N2O fluxes was found at any of the study sites.Instead,instantaneous N2O fluxes at different sites were affected by different soil variables.The cumulative N2O emissions during the study period within each year varied from 0.15 to 7.05 kgN/hm2 for different sites,which accounted for 0.33% to 5.09% of the applied fertilizer N.No obvious relationship was observed between cumulative N2O emission and applied fertilizer N rate (P > 0.4).However,the cumulative N2O emission was significantly correlated with gross mineralized N as estimated by CO2 emissions from bare soils divided by C/N ratios of each soil,and with soil mineral N pool (i.e.,the sum of gross mineralized N and fertilizer N) (P < 0.001). | Sonoko D.KIMURA Yo TOMA Ryusuke HATANO | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，11： | 8 |
| 20 | The computational fluid dynamic modeling of downwash flow field for a six-rotor UAV显示文摘The downwash flow field of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), formed by propellers during operation, has a significant influence on the deposition, drift and distribution of droplets as well as the spray width of the UAV for plant protection. To study the general characteristics of the distribution of the downwash airflow and simulate the static wind field of multi-rotor UAVs in hovering state, a 3 D full-size physical model of JF01-10 six-rotor plant protection UAV was constructed using Solid Works. The entire flow field surrounding the UAV and the rotation flow fields around the six rotors were established in UG software. The physical model and flow fields were meshed using unstructured tetrahedral elements in ANSYS software.Finally, the downwash flow field of UAV was simulated.With an increased hovering height, the ground effect was reduced and the minimum current velocity increased initially and then decreased. In addition, the spatial proportion of the turbulence occupied decreased. Furthermore, the appropriate operational hovering height for the JF01-10 is considered to be 3 m. These results can be applied to six-rotor plant protection UAVs employed in pesticide spraying and spray width detection. | Yongjun ZHENG Shenghui YANG Xingxing LIU Jie WANG Tomas NORTON Jian CHEN Yu TAN | 2018 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2018，5，2： | 8 |
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