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| 1 | Split liver transplantation: Current developments显示文摘In 1988, Rudolf Pichlmayr pioneered split liver transplantation(SLT), enabling the transplantation of one donor liver into two recipients-one pediatric and one adult patient. In the same year, Henri Bismuth and colleagues performed the first full right/full left split procedure with two adult recipients. Both splitting techniques were rapidly adopted within the transplant community. However, a SLT is technically demanding, may cause increased perioperative complications, and may potentially transform an excellent deceased donor organ into two marginal quality grafts. Thus, crucial evaluation of donor organs suitable for splitting and careful screening of potential SLT recipients is warranted. Furthermore, the logistic background of the splitting procedure as well as the organ allocation policy must be adapted to further increase the number and the safety of SLT. Under defined circumstances, in selected patients and at experienced transplant centers, SLT outcomes can be similar to those obtained in full organ LT. Thus, SLT is an important tool to reduce the donor organ shortage and waitlist mortality, especially for pediatric patients and small adults. The present review gives an overview of technical aspects, current developments, and clinical outcomes of SLT. | Christina Hackl Katharina M Schmidt Caner Süsal Bernd Dohler Martin Zidek Hans J Schlitt | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，47： | 20 |
| 2 | Colorectal cancer vaccines: Tumor-associated antigens vs neoantigens显示文摘Therapeutic options for the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC) are diverse but still not always satisfying. Recent success of immune checkpoint inhibition treatment for the subgroup of CRC patients suffering from hypermutated tumors suggests a permanent role of immune therapy in the clinical management of CRC. Substantial improvement in treatment outcome could be achieved by development of efficient patient-individual CRC vaccination strategies. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on the two general classes of targets: tumor-associated antigens(TAAs) and tumorspecific antigens. TAAs like carcinoembryonic antigen and melanoma associated antigen are present in and shared by a subgroup of patients and a variety of clinical studies examined the efficacy of different TAA-derived peptide vaccines. Combinations of several TAAs as the next step and the development of personalized TAA-based peptide vaccines are discussed. Improvements of peptidebased vaccines achievable by adjuvants and immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics are highlighted. Finally, we sum up clinical studies using tumor-specific antigens-in CRC almost exclusively neoantigens-which revealed promising results; particularly no severe adverse events were reported so far. Critical progress for clinical outcomes can be expected by individualizing neoantigen-based peptide vaccines and combining them with immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In light of these data and latest developments, truly personalized neoantigen-based peptide vaccines can be expected to fulfill modern precision medicine's requirements and will manifest as treatment pillar for routine clinical management of CRC. | Sandra Wagner Christina S Mullins Michael Linnebacher | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，48： | 10 |
| 3 | Mouse models of colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common diagnosed malignancy among both sexes in the United States as well as in the European Union.While the incidence and mortality rates in western,high developed countries are declining,reflecting the success of screening programs and improved treatment regimen,a rise of the overall global CRC burden can be observed due to lifestyle changes paralleling an increasing human development index.Despite a growing insight into the biology of CRC and many therapeutic improvements in the recent decades,preclinical in vivo models are still indispensable for the development of new treatment approaches.Since the development of carcinogen-induced rodent models for CRC more than 80 years ago,a plethora of animal models has been established to study colon cancer biology.Despite tenuous invasiveness and metastatic behavior,these models are useful for chemoprevention studies and to evaluate colitis-related carcinogenesis.Genetically engineered mouse models(GEMM)mirror the pathogenesis of sporadic as well as inherited CRC depending on the specific molecular pathways activated or inhibited.Although the vast majority of CRC GEMM lack invasiveness,metastasis and tumor heterogeneity,they still have proven useful for examination of the tumor microenvironment as well as systemic immune responses;thus,supporting development of new therapeutic avenues.Induction of metastatic disease by orthotopic injection of CRC cell lines is possible,but the so generated models lack genetic diversity and the number of suited cell lines is very limited.Patient-derived xenografts,in contrast,maintain the pathological and molecular characteristics of the individual patient's CRC after subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice and are therefore most reliable for preclinical drug development–even in comparison to GEMM or cell line-based analyses.However,subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft models are less suitable for studying most aspects of the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumoral immune responses.The authors review the distinct mouse models of CRC with an emphasis on their clinical relevance and shed light on the latest developments in the field of preclinical CRC models. | Florian Bürtin Christina S Mullins Michael Linnebacher | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，13： | 9 |
| 4 | Hepatitis B and D Viruses Exploit Sodium Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide for Species-specific Entry into Hepatocytes显示文摘 | Yi Ni Florian A. Lempp Stefan Mehrle Shirin Nkongolo Christina Kaufman Maria F?lth Jan Stindt Christian K?niger Michael Nassal Ralf Kubitz Holger Sültmann Stephan Urban | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，： | 5 |
| 5 | Human endogenous retroviruses and cancer:Causality and therapeutic possibilities显示文摘A substantial part of the human genome is derived from transposable elements;remnants of ancient retroviral infections.Conservative estimates set the percentage of human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs) in the genome at 8%.For the most part,the interplay between mutations,epigenetic mechanisms and posttranscriptional regulations silence HERVs in somatic cells.We first highlight mechanisms by which activation of members of several HERV families may be associated with tumor development before discussing the arising chances for both diagnosis and therapy.It has been shown that at least in some cases,tumor cells expressing HERV open reading frames(ORFs) thus gain tumor-promoting functions.However,since these proteins are not expressed in healthy tissues,they become prime target structures.Of potential pharmacological interest are the prevention of HERV transposition,the inhibition of HERV-encoded protein expression and the interference with these proteins' activities.Evidence from recent studies unequivocally proves that HERV ORFs represent a very interesting source of novel tumor-specific antigens with even the potential to surpass entity boundaries.The development of new tumor(immune-) therapies is a very active field and true tumor-specific targets are of outstanding interest since they minimize the risk of autoimmunity and could reduce side effects.Finally,we postulate on main future research streams in order to stimulate discussion on this hot topic. | Christina S Mullins Michael Linnebacher | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，42： | 4 |
| 6 | Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNS) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNS changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNS. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation. | Anne M Drewes Eirik Søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，2： | 4 |
| 7 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 8 | Review of allergic contact dermatitis: Scratching the surface显示文摘Contact dermatitis-including allergic contact dermatitis(ACD)-n and results in over four million lost work days per year in the United States alone. ACD is a classic example of a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction, and represents a significant burden on the health system, economy, and patient quality of life. Thorough history taking, clinical examination, histologic evaluation, and patch testing are keys to diagnosing contact dermatitis. Patch testing, especially with comprehensive and customized panels based on the patient's exposure history, is particularly useful in identifying potential allergens inthe case of allergic contact dermatitis. ACD management requires a combination of direct medical intervention, patient education, and appropriate environmental modification to prevent exposure to offending allergens in the home or workplace. Continuing advances in the study of ACD has led to an increased understanding of the disease processes, new methods for diagnosis, and improved management. This article reviews ACD-aiming to connect recent investigational data with the current clinical understanding of disease pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques, and management strategies. | Gil S Weintraub Isabella Nga Lai Christina N Kim | 2015 | World Journal of Dermatology2015，4，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features显示文摘 | Walter F Stewart Joshua N Liberman Robert S Sandler Michael S Woods Annette Stemhagen Elsbeth Chee Richard B Lipton Christina E Farup | 1999 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology1999，，12： | 2 |
| 10 | Effect of biofeedback accompanying occupational therapy and functional electrical stimulation in hemiplegic patients显示文摘 | Maria Inês Paes Louren??o Linamara Rizzo Battistella Christina May Moran de Brito Gracinda Rodrigues Tsukimoto Margarida Harumi Miyazaki | 2008 | International Journal of Rehabilitation Research2008，，1： | 2 |
| 11 | The safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of HIV infection in adults: the first 4 years显示文摘 | Mark R Nelson Christine Katlama Julio S Montaner David A Cooper Brian Gazzard Bonaventura Clotet Adriano Lazzarin Knud Schewe Joep Lange Christina Wyatt Sue Curtis Shan-Shan Chen Stephen Smith Norbert Bischofberger James F Rooney | 2007 | AIDS2007，，10： | 2 |
| 12 | Therapeutic plasma exchange in liver failure显示文摘The multi-organ failure syndrome associated with acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is thought to be mediated by overwhelming systemic inflammation triggered by both microbial and non-microbial factors.Therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE)has been proven to be an efficacious therapy in autoimmune conditions and altered immunity,with more recent data supporting its use in the management of liver failure.Few therapies have been shown to improve survival in critically ill patients with liver failure who are not expected to survive until liver transplantation(LT),who are ineligible for LT or who have no access to LT.TPE has been shown to reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines,modulate adaptive immunity with the potential to lessen the susceptibility to infections,and reduce the levels of albumin-bound and water-bound toxins in liver failure.In patients with acute liver failure,high volume TPE has been shown to reduce the vasopressor requirement and improve survival,particularly in patients not eligible for LT.Standard volume TPE has also been shown to reduce mortality in certain sub-populations of patients with ACLF.TPE may be most favorably employed as a bridge to LT in patients with ACLF.In this review,we discuss the efficacy and technical considerations of TPE in both acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure. | Abimbola Chris-Olaiya Aanchal Kapoor Kristin S Ricci Christina C Lindenmeyer | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，8： | 2 |
| 13 | Pit-and trench-forming osteoclasts:a distinction that matters显示文摘Osteoclasts(OCs)seeded on bone slices either drill round pits or dig long trenches.Whereas pits correspond to intermittent resorption,trenches correspond to continuous and faster resorption and require a distinct assembly of the resorption apparatus.It is unknown whether the distinction between pits and trenches has any biological relevance.Using OCs prepared from different blood donors,we found that female OCs achieved increased resorption mainly through pit formation,whereas male OCs did so through trench formation.Trench formation went along with high collagenolytic activity and high cathepsin K(CatK)expression,thereby allowing deeper demineralization.A specific CatK inhibitor abrogated the generation of trenches,while still allowing the generation of pits.OCs obtained from bone marrow were more prone to generate trenches than those obtained from blood.Scanning electron microscopy of bone surfaces eroded in vivo showed trenches and pits of similar size as those made by OCs in culture.We conclude that the distinction between trench-and pit-forming OCs is relevant to the differences among OCs from different skeletal sites,different individuals,including gender,and results from differences in colIagenolytic power.This indicates a biological relevance and highlights the importance of discriminating between pits and trenches when assessing resorption. | Ditte MH Merrild Dinisha C Pirapaharan Christina M Andreasen Per Kjxrsgaard-Andersen Anas MJ Mùller Ming Ding Jean-Marie Delaissé Kent Sùe | 2015 | Bone Research2015，3，4： | 2 |
| 14 | Influence of age in estimating maximal oxygen uptake显示文摘ObjectiveTo 在最大的氧举起的估计( EE )的错误上估计年龄的影响( VO 2最大)用性别和在自从估计,测试的周期测力计锻练特定方程的人口, VO 2最大与实质的 EE 被联系,经常超过20%, 18~91 年,可能,由于机械 efficiency.Methods1850 的内在的可变性,成年人(68%人)经历了最大的周期测力计测试的心肺的锻练。心和肺的健康(CRF ) 相对性别和年龄被估计[更年轻(18 ~ 35 年) ,中年(36 ~ 60 年) 并且更旧(>60 年)] 。VO 2 最大[mL·(kg· min )−1] 被对煤气的交换的评价直接测量并且估计了使用性别和人口特定方程。VO 2 最大和相关 EE 在三年龄特定、性特定的 groups.ResultsDirectly 测量的 VO 2 男人和女人的最大是 29.5 ±10.5 mL·(kg· min )−1 和 24.2 ±9.0 mL·(kg· min )−1(P <0.01 ) 。EE [mL·(kg· min ) 为男人和女人的 −1] 和百分比错误(% E ) 有类似的价值, 0.5 ±3.2 和 0.4 ±2.9 mL·(kg· min )−1, 和 − 0.8 ±13.1% 并且 − 1.7 ±15.4%(P >0.05 ) 分别地。分别地,为每个年龄组的 EE 和 % E 为男人:更年轻的 = 1.9 ±4.1 mL·(kg· min )−1 和 3.8 ±10.5% ,中年的 = 0.6 ±3.1 mL·(kg· min )−1 和 0.4 ±10.3% ,更旧的 =− 0.2 ±2.7 mL·(kg· min )−1 和 − 4.2 ±16.6%(P <0.01 ) ;并且为女人:更年轻的 = 1.2 ±3.1 mL·(kg· min )−1 和 2.7 ±10.0% ,中年的 = 0.7 ±2.8 mL·(kg· min )−1 和 0.5 ±11.1% ,更旧的 =-0.8 ±2.3 mL·(kg· min )−1 和 − 9.5 ±22.4%(P <0.01 ).ConclusionVO 2 最大在更年轻的年龄组被低估并且在老年组被过高估计。年龄显著地影响 VO 2 在男人和女人的最大并且当 CRF 用人口被估计时,应该被认为特定方程,而非直接测量了。 | Christina G de Souza Silva Barry A Franklin Daniel E Forman Claudio Gil S Araujo | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Macrophage Infection via Selective Capture of HIV-1-Infected CD4 + T Cells显示文摘 | Amy E. Baxter Rebecca A. Russell Christopher J.A. Duncan Michael D. Moore Christian B. Willberg Jose L. Pablos Andrés Finzi Daniel E. Kaufmann Christina Ochsenbauer John C. Kappes Fedde Groot Quentin J. Sattentau | 2014 | Cell Host & Microbe2014，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Low-grade central osteosarcoma of distal femur, resembling fibrous dysplasia显示文摘We report a case of a 32 year-old male, admitted for a lytic lesion of the distal femur. One month after the first X-ray, clinical and imaging deterioration was evident. Open biopsy revealed fibrous dysplasia. Three months later, the lytic lesion had spread to the whole distal third of the femur reaching the articular cartilage. The malignant clinical and imaging features necessitated excision of the lesion and reconstruction with a custom-made total knee arthroplasty. Intraoperatively, no obvious soft tissue infiltration was evident. Nevertheless, an excision of the distal 15.5 cm of the femur including 3.0 cm of the surrounding muscles was finally performed. The histological examination of the excised specimen revealed central low-grade osteosarcoma. Based on the morphological features of the excised tumor, allied to the clinical findings, the diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma was finally made although characters of a fibrous dysplasia were apparent. Central low-grade osteosarcoma is a rare, well-differentiated sub-type of osteosarcoma, with clinical, imaging, and histological features similar to benign tumours. Thus, initial misdiagnosis is usual with the condition commonly mistaken for fibrous dysplasia. Central low-grade osteosarcoma is usually treated with surgery alone, with rare cases of distal metastases. However, regional recurrence is quite frequent after close margin excision. | Haris S Vasiliadis Christina Arnaoutoglou Sotiris Plakoutsis Michalis Doukas Anna Batistatou Theodoros A Xenakis | 2013 | World Journal of Orthopedics2013，4，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Are urban green spaces optimally distributed to act as places for social integration? Results of a geographical information system (GIS) approach for urban forestry research显示文摘 | Christina G C Klaus S | 2004 | Forest Policy and Economics2004，6，： | 1 |
| 18 | The Actin cross-linking domain of the Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin directly catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of actin显示文摘 | Christina L Cordero Dmitry S | 2006 | Biological Chemistry2006，281，32： | 1 |
| 19 | Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor c expression in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix 显示文摘 | Zoltan Combos Xiaowei Xu Christina S Chu | 2005 | Clin Cancer Res2005，23，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Exploratory studies on the in vitro release and bioavailability of dextropropoxyphene from lipophilic and hydrophilic suppositories显示文摘 | KIRSTI G CHRISTINA G STIG S | 1994 | Int J Pharm1994，102，： | 1 |
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