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| 1 | Ultrasonography in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis: New aspects显示文摘The course and outcome is poor for most patients with pancreatic diseases.Advances in pancreatic imaging are important in the detection of pancreatic diseases at early stages.Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool has made,virtually speaking a technical revolution in medical imaging in the new millennium.It has not only become the preferred method for first line imaging,but also,increasingly to clarify the interpretation of other imaging modalities to obtain efficient clinical decision.We review ultrasonography modalities,focusing on advanced pancreatic imaging and its potential to substantially improve diagnosis of pancreatic diseases at earlier stages.In the first section,we describe scanning techniques and examination protocols.Their consequences for image quality and the ability to obtain complete and detailed visualization of the pancreas are discussed.In the second section we outline ultrasonographic characteristics of pancreatic diseases with emphasis on chronic pancreatitis.Finally,new developments in ultrasonography of the pancreas such as contrast enhanced ultrasound and elastography are enlightened. | Georg Dimcevski Friedemann G Erchinger Roald Havre Odd Helge Gilja | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 12 |
| 2 | Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNS) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNS changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNS. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation. | Anne M Drewes Eirik Søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Is the pain in chronic pancreatitis of neuropathic origin? Support from EEG studies during experimental pain显示文摘AIM: To prove the hypothesis that patients with chronic pancreatitis would show increased theta activity during painful visceral stimulation. METHODS: Eight patients and 12 healthy controls underwent an experiment where the esophagus was electrically stimulated at the pain threshold using a nasal endoscope. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 64 surface electrodes and 'topographic matching pursuit' was used to extract the EEG information in the early brain activation after stimulation. RESULTS: A major difference between controls and patients were seen in delta and theta bands, whereas there were only minor differences in other frequency bands. In the theta band, the patients showed higher activity than controls persisting throughout the 450 ms of analysis with synchronous brain activation betweenthe channels. The main theta components oscillated with 4.4 Hz in the patients and 5.5 Hz in the controls. The energy in the delta (0.5-3.5 Hz) band was higher in the controls, whereas the patients only showed scattered activity in this band. CONCLUSION: The differences in the theta band indicate that neuropathic pain mechanisms are involved in chronic pancreatitis. This has important implications for the understanding and treatment of pain in these patients, which should be directed against drugs with effects on neuropathic pain disorders. | AsbjФrn M Drewes Maciej Gratkowski Saber AK Sami Georg Dimcevski Peter Funch-Jensen Lars Arendt-Nielsen | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，25： | 4 |
| 4 | <ce:link locator='fx1'/> Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: The Role of Reorganization in the Central Nervous System显示文摘 | Georg Dimcevski Saber A.K. Sami Peter Funch–Jensen Domenica Le Pera Massimiliano Valeriani Lars Arendt–Nielsen Asbj?rn M. Drewes | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，4： | 1 |
| 5 | <ce:link locator='fx1'/> Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: The Role of Reorganization in the Central Nervous System显示文摘 | Georg Dimcevski Saber A.K. Sami Peter Funch–Jensen Domenica Le Pera Massimiliano Valeriani Lars Arendt–Nielsen Asbj?rn M. Drewes | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Multi-modal induction and assessment of allodynia and hyperalgesia in the human oesophagus显示文摘 | Asbj?rn Mohr Drewes Klaus-Peter Schipper Georg Dimcevski Poul Petersen Ole K?seler Andersen Hans Gregersen Lars Arendt-Nielsen | 2003 | European Journal of Pain2003，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Differential effect of opioids in patients with chronic pancreatitis: An experimental pain study显示文摘 | Camilla Staahl Georg Dimcevski S?ren Due Andersen Niels Thorsgaard Lona L. Christrup Lars Arendt-Nielsen Asbj?rn Mohr Drewes | 2007 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2007，，3： | 1 |
| 8 | <ce:link locator='fx1'/> Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: The Role of Reorganization in the Central Nervous System显示文摘 | Georg Dimcevski Saber A.K. Sami Peter Funch–Jensen Domenica Le Pera Massimiliano Valeriani Lars Arendt–Nielsen Asbj?rn M. Drewes | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，4： | 1 |
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