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| 1 | 光动力学疗法剂量学的研究进展显示文摘随着光动力学疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)基础研究的不断深入和临床应用的广泛开展,如何精确量化光动力剂量,并根据患者的个体差异进行剂量的实时调整和优化已成为亟待解决的挑战性难题,属PDT研究的前沿热点.综述了现有PDT剂量学研究方法及其相应检测技术的研究进展,其中包括:a.测定光通量密度、光敏剂浓度和氧分压;b.测量光敏剂的光漂白速率和光致产物;c.监测PDT前后组织的光生物学响应;d.检测单态氧在1270nm的近红外发光.同时,还分析了这些PDT剂量学方法的优点和局限性.最后,讨论了PDT剂量学研究中所面临的挑战. | 李步洪 谢树森 HUANG Zheng WILSON Brian C | 2009 | 生物化学与生物物理进展2009，36，6： | 22 |
| 2 | State-of-the-Art management of knee osteoarthritis显示文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common type of arthritis found in the United States' population and is also the most common disease of joints in adults throughout the world with the knee being the most frequently affected of all joints. As the United States' population ages along with the increasing trends in obesity prevalence in other parts of the world, it is expected that the burden of OA on the population, healthcare system, and overall economy will continue to increase in the future without making major improvements in managing knee OA. Numerous therapies aim to reduce symptoms of knee OA and continued research has helped to further understand the complex pathophysiology of its disease mechanism attempting to uncover new potential targets for the treatment of OA. This review article seeks to evaluate the current practices for managing knee OA and discusses emerging therapies on the horizon. These practices include non-pharmacological treatments such as providing patient education and self-management strategies, advising weight loss, strengthening programs, and addressing biomechanical issues with bracing or foot orthoses. Oral analgesics and anti-inflammatories are pharmacologicals that are commonly used and the literature overall supports that some of these medications can be helpful for managing knee OA in the short-term but are less effective for long-term management. Additionally, more prolonged use significantly increases the risk of serious associated side effects that are not too uncommon. Diseasemodifying osteoarthritis drugs are being researched as a treatment modality to potentially halt or slow disease progression but data at this time is limited and continued studies are being conducted to further investigate their effectiveness. Intra-articular injectables are also implemented to manage knee OA ranging from corticosteroids to hyaluronans to more recently plateletrich plasma and even stem cells while several other injection therapies are presently being studied. The goal of developing new treatment strategies for knee OA is to prolong the need for total knee arthroplasty which should be utilized only if other strategies have failed. High tibial osteotomy and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are potential alternatives if only a single compartment is involved with more data supporting unicompartmental knee arthroplasty as a good treatment option in this scenario. Arthroscopy has been commonly used for many years to treat knee OA to address degenerative articular cartilage and menisci, however, several high-quality studies have shown that it is not a very effective treatment for the majority of cases and should generally not be considered when managing knee OA. Improving the management of knee OA requires a multi-faceted treatment approach along with continuing to broaden our understanding of this complex disease so that therapeutic advancements can continue to be developed with the goal of preventing further disease progression and even potentially reversing the degenerative process. | Kenton H Fibel Howard J Hillstrom Brian C Halpern | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，2： | 19 |
| 3 | Instability after total hip arthroplasty显示文摘Instability following total hip arthroplasty(THA) is an unfortunately frequent and serious problem that requires thorough evaluation and preoperative planning before surgical intervention. Prevention through optimal index surgery is of great importance, as the management of an unstable THA is challenging even for an experienced joints surgeon. However, even after well-planned surgery, a significant incidence of recurrent instability still exists. Non-operative management is often successful if the components are well-fixed and correctly positioned in the absence of neurocognitive disorders. If conservative management fails, surgical options include revision of malpositioned components; exchange of modular components such as the femoral head and acetabular liner; bipolar arthroplasty; tripolar arthroplasty; use of a larger femoral head; use of a constrained liner; soft tissue reinforcement and advancement of the greater trochanter. | Brian C Werner Thomas E Brown | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，8： | 7 |
| 4 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 5 | Maintenance infliximab for Crohn’s disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial显示文摘 | Stephen B Hanauer Brian G Feagan Gary R Lichtenstein Lloyd F Mayer S Schreiber Jean Frederic Colombel Daniel Rachmilewitz Douglas C Wolf Allan Olson Weihang Bao Paul Rutgeerts | 2002 | The Lancet2002，，9317： | 6 |
| 6 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 7 | Murine hepatocellular carcinoma derived stem cells reveal epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity显示文摘AIM To establish a model to enrich and characterize stemlike cells from murine normal liver and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell lines and to further investigate stem-like cell association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT).METHODS In this study,we utilized a stem cell conditioned serumfree medium to enrich stem-like cells from mouse HCC and normal liver cell lines,Hepa 1-6 and AML12,respectively.We isolated the 3-dimensional spheres and assessed their stemness characteristics by evaluating theRNA levels of stemness genes and a cell surface stem cell marker by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR(q RTPCR).Next,we examined the relationship between stem cells and EMT using q RT-PCR.RESULTS Three-dimensional spheres were enriched by culturing murine HCC and normal hepatocyte cell lines in stem cell conditioned serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor and heparin sulfate.The 3-dimensional spheres had enhanced stemness markers such as Klf4 and Bmi1 and hepatic cancer stem cell(CSC) marker Cd44 compared to parental cells grown as adherent cultures.We report that epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1 were downregulated,while mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Fibronectin were upregulated in 3-dimensional spheres.The 3-dimensional spheres also exhibited changes in expression of Snai,Zeb and Twist family of EMT transcription factors.CONCLUSION Our novel method successfully enriched stem-like cells which possessed an EMT phenotype.The isolation and characterization of murine hepatic CSCs could establish a precise target for the development of more effective therapies for HCC. | Aparna Jayachandran Ritu Shrestha Bijay Dhungel I-Tao Huang Marianna Yumi Kawashima Vasconcelos Brian J Morrison Charmaine A Ramlogan-Steel Jason C Steel | 2017 | World Journal of Stem Cells2017，9，9： | 4 |
| 8 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 9 | 长沙市甲基苯丙胺使用情况“应答者驱动抽样”流行病学调查显示文摘目的:了解长沙市甲基苯丙胺使用的流行情况。方法:采用同伴驱动抽样(respondent-driven sampling,RDS),通过自拟问卷对长沙市最近3个月内使用过甲基苯丙胺的成年人进行抽样调查。结果:接受调查的129人以男性、汉族、有伴侣(包括配偶、男女朋友及同居者)、初高中学历、处于就业状态、年收入较高者为主;平均年龄为29.0 a±s7.8 a(最小18 a,最大48 a);102人进行过HIV抗体检测,皆为阴性;有94(72.9%)人曾使用过其他非法成瘾性物质包括k粉、摇头丸、海洛因、大麻、丁丙诺啡、曲马多、美沙酮及安定;尚未发现使用可卡因及快克者。长沙市甲基苯丙胺以冰和麻古两种形式存在并被使用。使用方式全为冰壶抽吸,使用场所均为私人场所(家里、宾馆及出租房)。最近三个月内甲基苯丙胺的平均使用天数为21.4 d±s31.3 d(中位数10 d),冰毒的平均用量为每次0.3 g,麻古3.8片。甲基苯丙胺的可及性很强,大多数人(87/126,69.0%)都能'比较容易或非常容易'地获取。使用甲基苯丙胺常见的原因有:吸毒同伴的存在、追求刺激、以及为了摆脱不良情绪状态等,很少有人用来减肥。使用甲基苯丙胺产生的不良后果主要包括对使用者的饮食、体重、健康、经济、情绪的影响以及家庭关系的伤害。结论:甲基苯丙胺在长沙易于获得、在同伴间广为传播,其使用对使用者本人及其家庭带来了严重的危害;因此相关部门有必要采取截断毒品来源、开展相关的禁毒宣传措施。 | 张官柏 刘铁桥 郝伟 Brian C Kelly 王济川 胡红星 曾敏 柳红 | 2011 | 中国药物依赖性杂志2011，20，4： | 4 |
| 10 | Strategies to improve fiber utilization in swine显示文摘Application of feed processing methods and use of exogenous feed additives in an effort to improve nutrient digestibility of plant-based feed ingredients for swine has been studied for decades. The following review will discuss several of these topics, including: fiber characterization, impact of dietary fiber on gastrointestinal physiology, energy, and nutrient digestibility, mechanical processing of feed on fiber and energy digestibility, and the use of exogenous enzymes in diets fed to growing pigs. Taken together, the diversity and concentration of chemical characteristics that exists among plant-based feed ingredients, as well as interactions among constituents within feed ingredients and diets, suggests that improvements in nutrient digestibility and pig performance from mechanical processing or adding exogenous enzymes to diets fed to swine depends on a better understanding of these characteristics, but also relating enzyme activity to targeted substrates. It may be that an enzyme must not only match a target substrate(s), but there may also need to be a 0 cocktail 0 of enzymes to effectively breakdown the complex matrixes of fibrous carbohydrates, such that the negative impact of these compounds on nutrient digestibility or voluntary feed intake are alleviated. With the inverse relationship between fiber content and energy digestibility being well described for several feed ingredients, it is only logical that development of processing techniques or enzymes that degrade fiber, and thereby improve energy digestibility or voluntary feed intake, will be both metabolically and economically beneficial to pork production. | Brian J Kerr Gerald C Shurson | 2013 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2013，4，2： | 3 |
| 11 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9493)2005，，： | 3 |
| 12 | Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance显示文摘Feed fats and oils provide significant amounts of energy to swine diets, but there is large variation in composition,quality, feeding value, and price among sources. Common measures of lipid quality include moisture, insolubles,and unsaponifiables(MIU), titer, and free fatty acid content, but provide limited information regarding their feeding value. Lipid peroxidation is an important quality factor related to animal growth performance and health, but maximum tolerable limits in various lipids have not been established. Several indicative assays can be used to detect the presence of various peroxidation compounds, but due to the complexity and numerous compounds produced and degraded during peroxidation process, no single method can adequately determine the extent of peroxidation. Until further information is available, using a combination of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), and anisidine value appear to provide a reasonable assessment of the extent of peroxidation in a lipid at a reasonable cost. However, fatty acid composition of the lipid being evaluated should be considered when selecting specific assays. Predictive tests can also be used to estimate the stability or susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and include active oxygen method, oil stability index, and oxygen bomb method. A review of 16 published studies with pigs has shown an average decrease of 11.4% in growth rate, 8.8% feed intake fed isocaloric diets containing peroxidized lipids compared to diets containing unperoxidized lipids of the same source.Furthermore, serum vitamin E content was generally reduced and serum TBARS content was increased when peroxidized lipids were fed in these studies, suggesting that feeding peroxidized lipids negatively affects metabolic oxidative status of pigs. However, it is unclear if antioxidants are useful additions to lipids to maintain optimal nutritional value, or if their addition to swine diets is beneficial in overcoming a metabolic oxidative challenge. | Gerald C Shurson Brian J Kerr Andrea R Hanson | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，3： | 3 |
| 13 | Advances in cellulose ester performance and application显示文摘 | Kevin J Edgar Charles M Buchanan John S Debenham Paul A Rundquist Brian D Seiler Michael C Shelton Debra Tindall | 2001 | Progress in Polymer Science2001，，9： | 2 |
| 14 | Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis显示文摘 | Kurt Degenhardt Robin Mathew Brian Beaudoin Kevin Bray Diana Anderson Guanghua Chen Chandreyee Mukherjee Yufang Shi Céline Gélinas Yongjun Fan Deirdre A. Nelson Shengkan Jin Eileen White | 2006 | Cancer Cell2006，，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Axitinib treatment in patients with cytokine-refractory metastatic renal-cell cancer: a phase II study显示文摘 | Olivier Rixe Ronald M Bukowski M Dror Michaelson George Wilding Gary R Hudes Oliver Bolte Robert J Motzer Paul Bycott Katherine F Liau James Freddo Peter C Trask Sinil Kim Brian I Rini | 2007 | Lancet Oncology2007，，： | 2 |
| 16 | A robust soc-MOF platform exhibiting high gravimetric uptake and volumetric deliverable capacity for on-board methane storage显示文摘Emerging as an outperformed class of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),square-octahedron(soc)topology MOFs(soc-MOFs)feature superior properties of high porosity,large gas storage capacity,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.We report here an iron based soc-MOF,denoted as Fe-pbpta(H4pbpta=4,4',4'',4'''-(1,4-phenylenbis(pyridine-4,2-6-triyl))-tetrabenzoic acid)possessing a very high Brunauer,Emmett and Teller(BET)surface area of 4,937 m2/g and a large pore volume of 2.15 cm3/g.The MOF demonstrates by far the highest gravimetric uptake of 369 cm3(STP)/g under the DOE operational storage conditions(35 bar and 298 K)and a high volumetric deliverable capacity of 192 cc/cc at 298 K and 65 bar.Furthermore,Fe-pbpta exhibits high thermal and aqueous stability making it a promising candidate for on-board methane storage. | Gaurav Verma Sanjay Kumar Harsh Vardhan Junyu Ren Zheng Niu Tony Pham Lukasz Wojtas Sydney Butikofer Jose C Echeverria Garcia Yu-Sheng Chen Brian Space and Shengqian Ma | 2021 | Nano Research2021，14，2： | 2 |
| 17 | Predictors of progression in Barrett’s esophagus II: baseline 17p (p53) loss of heterozygosity identifies a patient subset at increased risk for neoplastic progression显示文摘 | Brian J Reid Laura J Prevo Patricia C Galipeau Carissa A Sanchez Gary Longton Douglas S Levine Patricia L Blount Peter S Rabinovitch | 2001 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2001，，10： | 2 |
| 18 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet2005，，9493： | 2 |
| 19 | 成本-效果分析中药物成本测量的良好研究规范:Medicare和Medicaid计划以及其他美国政府支持者角度——ISPOR药物成本工作组报告之四显示文摘目的:公共项目为美国的药物支出提供了大部分的财政支持。截至目前,仍然没有相关指南来估算由美国公共项目资助的药物的成本。本研究的目的是为估算由美国公共项目支持的药物的成本提供标准,以便将其用于药物经济学评价。方法:本报告由国际药物经济学与结果研究协会(ISPOR)的专项计划——成本-效果分析中药物成本测量的良好研究规范工作组中的美国政府角度即美国医疗保险计划(Medicare)和医疗补助计划(Medicaid)以及其他美国政府支付者角度的专门小组撰写。该小组的任务是对研究者在估算由美国公共项目资助药物的成本时所遇到的方法学及实际问题进行评价,以便提出适用于更透明、更准确和更具一致性的成本计算的标准。结果:该小组提出了以下建议:(1)研究者必须考虑会对由公共项目所支付的药物成本产生影响的管理要求;(2)药物成本必须反映真实的购置成本,包括所有的回扣和折扣;(3)必须确保成本投入的相关透明度;(4)推荐包括公共项目的视角;(5)需要特别关注高成本药物,尤其当某一特殊疾病所用药物占卫生保健支出很大比例时;(6)由于公共项目之间的差异,必须对实际购置成本、实际依从性以及仿制药的可获得性进行敏感性分析。此外还对Medicare和Medicaid提出了特别建议。结论:随着对美国公共项目覆盖政策而进行的药物经济学评价越来越多,必须保证药物成本估算的准确性和一致性。以上建议的执行将允许研究者在药物经济学评价当中使用准确、无偏倚的成本估算。 | C Daniel Mullins Brian Seal Enrique Seoane-Vazquez 郑亚明 宗欣 吴晶 | 2011 | 中国药物经济学2011，，5： | 2 |
| 20 | Strontium isotopes as trancers of ecosystem processes:theory and methods显示文摘 | Rosemary C C Brian W S Oliver A C | 1998 | Geoderma1998，82，： | 1 |
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