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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Refining pathological evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus显示文摘AIM:To assess tumour regression grade(TRG)and lymph node downstaging to help define patients who benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS:Two hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction treated with surgery alone or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery between 2005and 2011 at a single institution were reviewed.Triplet neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of platinum,fluoropyrimidine and anthracycline was considered for operable patients(World Health Organization performance status≤2)with clinical stage T2-4 N0-1.Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)was assessed using TRG,as described by Mandard et al.In addition lymph node downstaging was also assessed.Lymph node downstaging was defined by cN1 at diagnosis:assessed radiologically(computed tomography,positron emission tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography),then pathologically recorded as N0 after surgery;ypN0 if NAC given prior to surgery,or pN0if surgery alone.Patients were followed up for 5 years post surgery.Recurrence was defined radiologically,with or without pathological confirmation.An association was examined between t TRG and lymph node downstaging with disease free survival(DFS)and a comprehensive range of clinicopathological characteristics.RESULTS:Two hundred and eighteen patients underwent esophageal resection during the study interval with a mean follow up of 3 years(median follow up:2.552,95%CI:2.022-3.081).There was a 1.8%(n=4)inpatient mortality rate.One hundred and thirty-six(62.4%)patients received NAC,with 74.3%(n=101)of patients demonstrating some signs of pathological tumour regression(TRG 1-4)and 5.9%(n=8)having a complete pathological response.Forty four point one percent(n=60)had downstaging of their nodal disease(cN1 to ypN0),compared to only 15.9%(n=13)that underwent surgery alone(pre-operatively overstaged:cN1 to pN0),(P<0.0001).Response to NAC was associated with significantly increased DFS(mean DFS;TRG 1-2:5.1years,95%CI:4.6-5.6 vs TRG 3-5:2.8 years,95%CI:2.2-3.3,P<0.0001).Nodal down-staging conferred a significant DFS advantage for those patients with a poor primary tumour response to NAC(median DFS;TRG 3-5 and nodal down-staging:5.533 years,95%CI:3.558-7.531 vs TRG 3-5 and no nodal down-staging:1.114 years,95%CI:0.961-1.267,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Response to NAC in the primary tumour and in the lymph nodes are both independently associated with improved DFS. | Fergus Noble Luke Nolan Adrian C Bateman James P Byrne Jamie J Kelly Ian S Bailey Donna M Sharland Charlotte N Rees Timothy J Iveson Tim J Underwood Andrew R Bateman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 4 |
| 3 | Effect of graft source on unrelated donor haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute leukaemia: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Mary Eapen Vanderson Rocha Guillermo Sanz Andromachi Scaradavou Mei-Jie Zhang William Arcese Anne Sirvent Richard E Champlin Nelson Chao Adrian P Gee Luis Isola Mary J Laughlin David I Marks Samir Nabhan Annalisa Ruggeri Robert Soiffer Mary M Horowitz Eli | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，7： | 2 |
| 4 | Biodegradation and bioconversion of cellulose wastes using bacterial and fungal cells immobilized in radiopolymerized hydrogels显示文摘 | Peter M Zarnea G Adrian P | 1999 | Re2 sources Conservation and Recycling1999，27，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Biodegradation and bioconversion of cellulose wastes using bacterial and fungal cells immobilized in radiopolymerized hydrogels 显示文摘 | Peter M Zarnea G Adrian P | 1999 | Resources Conservation and Recycling1999，27，5： | 1 |
| 6 | CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in lymphoma patients显示文摘 | Savoldo Barbara Ramos Carlos Almeida Liu Enli Mims Martha P Keating Michael J Carrum George Kamble Rammurti T Bollard Catherine M Gee Adrian P Mei Zhuyong Liu Hao Grilley Bambi Rooney Cliona M Heslop Helen E Brenner Malcolm K Dotti Gianpie | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Resources conservation and recycling biodegradatiun and bioconversion of cellulose wastes using bacterial and fungal 显示文摘 | Peter M G Zarmea P Adrian | 1999 | Cells Immobilized in Radiopolymerized Hydrogels1999，27，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Islet amyloid polypeptide in patients with pancreatic cancer and diabetes显示文摘 | POUR P M WESTERMARK P ADRIAN TE | 1994 | N Engl J Med1994，330，5： | 1 |
| 9 | HPLC analysis of grapevine phytoalexins coupling photodiode array detection and fluorometry显示文摘 | JEANDET P BREUIL A C ADRIAN M WESTON L A DEBORD S MEUNIER P MAUME G BESSIS R | 1997 | Analytical Chemistry1997，69，24： | 1 |
| 10 | Transdermal delivery of highly lipophilic drugs:In vitro fluxes of antiestrogens,permeation enhancers,and solvents from liquid formulations显示文摘 | ADRIAN P F ROMAN S HANS W M | 2002 | Pharm Res2002，19，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Comparison of magnetic parameters of urban atmospheric particulate matter with pollution and meteorologicaldata显示文摘 | Adrian R M Jtirgen M Nikolai P | 2001 | Atmospheric Environment2001，35，26： | 1 |
| 12 | Biodegradation and bioconversion of cellulose wastes using bacterial and fungal cells immobilized in radiopolymerized hydrogels显示文摘 | Peter M Zarnea G Adrian P | 1999 | Resources Conservation and Recyling1999，27，5： | 1 |
| 13 | analysis of grapevine phytoalexins coupling photodiode array detection and fluorometry显示文摘 | Breuil AC Adrian M | 1997 | Analy Chem1997，69，24： | 1 |
| 14 | Phytoalexins from the Vitaceae:biosynthesis,phytoalexin gene expression in transgenic plants,antifungal activity and metabolism显示文摘 | JEANDET P DOUILLET-BREUIL A C BESSIS R DEBORD S SBAGHI M ADRIAN M | 2002 | J Agric Food Chem2002，50，： | 1 |
| 15 | Does allowing the sale of winein Quebec grocery stores increase consumption显示文摘 | ADRIAN M JEANDET P BESSIS R | 1996 | Agric Food Chem1996，44，： | 1 |
| 16 | Stilbene content ofmature Vitis vinifera berries in response to UV-C elicitation 显示文摘 | Adrian M Jeandet P Douillet-Breuil AC | 2000 | Argic Food Chem2000，48，： | 1 |
| 17 | A preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic relationships of australasian wolf spider genera (Araneae, Lycosidae)显示文摘 | Cor J V Anthony D M Adrian M P | 2002 | J Arachnol2002，30，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Epitaxial CeO2 buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O7-δ films on sapphire 显示文摘 | MAUL M SCHULTE B HAUSSLER P FRANK G STEINBORN T FUESS H ADRIAN H | 1993 | J Appl Phys1993，74，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Plant regeneration from seedling explants of Eucalyptus grandis of Europhylla 显示文摘 | Luis P B C Adriane C M G Silvia B R C | 1999 | Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture1999，56，： | 1 |
| 20 | Flavonoid profiles of New Zealand Libocedrus and related genera 显示文摘 | Kenneth R M Adrian F Brian P J M | 1990 | Phytochemistry1990，29，2： | 1 |
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