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| 1 | Severe acute pancreatitis: Clinical course and management显示文摘Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologically. Risk factors determining independently the outcome of SAP are early multi-organ failure, infection of necrosis and extended necrosis (> 50%). Up to one third of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis develop in the late course infection of necroses. Morbidity of SAP is biphasic, in the first week strongly related to early and persistence of organ or multi-organ dysfunction. Clinical sepsis caused by infected necrosis leading to multi-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) occurs in the later course after the first week. To predict sepsis, MOFS or deaths in the first 48-72 h, the highest predictive accuracy has been objectified for procalcitonin and IL-8; the Sepsis- Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-score predicts the outcome in the first 48 h, and provides a daily assessment of treatment response with a high positive predictive value. Contrast-enhanced CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for necrotizing pancreatitis when performed after the first week of disease. Patients who suffer early organ dysfunctions or at risk of developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Early vigorous intravenous fluid replacement is of foremost importance. The goal is to decrease the hematocrit or restore normal cardiocirculatory functions. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a reduction of local and systemic infection. Patients suffering infected necrosis causing clinical sepsis, pancreatic abscess or surgical acute abdomen are candidates for early intervention. Hospital mortality of SAP after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased in high volume centers to below 20%. | Hans G Beger Bettina M Rau | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，38： | 122 |
| 2 | 专用气候数据空间插值软件ANUSPLIN及其应用显示文摘空间化的气候数据作为环境因子参数是区域气候模型和地学模型的基础,而插值软件是实现气候观测点数据空间化的工具。ANUSPLIN基于薄盘样条函数理论,引入多个影响因子作为协变量进行气象要素空间插值,大大提高插值精度,且能同时进行多个表面的空间插值,对时间序列的气象要素更加适合。 | 刘志红 Tim R. McVicar Van Niel T. G 杨勤科 李锐 | 2008 | 气象2008，34，2： | 180 |
| 3 | CONSORT 2010说明与详述:报告平行对照随机临床试验指南的更新显示文摘大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效果产生评价偏倚有关。这种系统误差对RCT损害严重,而RCT正是以其能减少或避免偏倚而被视为评价干预措施的金标准。为了提高RCT的报告质量,一个由专家和编辑组成的工作组制定了临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明。CONSORT声明于1996年首次发表,并于2001年更新。声明由对照检查清单和流程图组成,供作者在报告RCT时使用。许多核心医学期刊和主要国际性编辑组织都已认可CONSORT声明。该声明促进了对RCT的严格评价和解释。2001年,在对CONSORT进行修订时,人们就已经清楚地认识到,解释和说明制定CONSORT声明的原理,有助于研究人员等撰写或评价临床试验报告。一篇CONSORT说明与详述文章于2001年同2001版CONSORT声明一起发表。2007年1月的专家会议之后,对CONSORT声明作了进一步修订并已发表,即'CONSORT2010声明'。这次更新对原版对照检查清单作了文字上的修改,使其更为明晰,并收入了与一些新近才认识到的主题相关的建议,如选择性报告结局产生的偏倚。说明与详述文件旨在加强人们对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,这次也作了大量修订,对每一项新增或更新的清单条目的含义和增改理由进行了解释,提供了优秀的报告实例,还尽可能地提供了相关的经验性研究的参考文献。文中收入了若干流程图实例。'CONSORT2010声明'、其说明与详述文件,以及相关网站(www.consort-statement.org),对于改进随机临床试验报告必将有所裨益。 | David Moher Sally Hopewell Kenneth F Schulz Victor Montori Peter C Gφtzsche P J Devereaux Diana Elbourne Matthias Egger Douglas G Altman 周庆辉 卞兆祥 刘建平 | 2010 | 中西医结合学报2010，8，8： | 318 |
| 4 | 欧洲新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征防治指南-2010版显示文摘呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)是由于肺表面活性物质(PS)缺乏及肺结构发育不成熟所致,多见于早产儿,自然病程为生后当时或很快发病,并在生后2d内进行性恶化,如不及时治疗,因进行性缺氧和呼吸衰竭而死亡,存活者,在生后2—4d病情开始改善。胎龄越小,RDS发生率越高,2006年EuroNeoStat的数据显示:胎龄23~25周的早产儿RDS发生率为91%, | Sweet DG Carnielli V Greisen G Hallman M Ozek E Plavka R Saugstad OD Simeoni U Speer CP Halliday HL 袁琳(翻译) 陈超(审校) | 2011 | 中华儿科杂志2011，49，1： | 137 |
| 5 | Caspase-3 activation as a bifurcation point between plasticity and cell death显示文摘Death-mediating proteases such as caspases and caspase-3 in particular,have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes,aging and Alzheimer's disease.However,emerging evidence suggests that in addition to their classical role in cell death,caspases play a key role in modulating synaptic function.It is remarkable that active caspases-3,which can trigger widespread damage and degeneration,aggregates in structures as delicate as synapses and persists in neurons without causing acute cell death.Here,we evaluate this dichotomy,and discuss the hypothesis that caspase-3 may be a bifurcation point in cellular signaling,able to orient the neuronal response to stress down either pathological/apoptotic pathways or towards physiological cellular remodeling.We propose that temporal,spatial and other regulators of caspase activity are key determinants of the ultimate effect of caspase-3 activation in neurons.This concept has implications for differential roles of caspase-3 activation across the lifespan.Specifically,we propose that limited caspase-3 activation is critical for synaptic function in the healthy adult brain while chronic activation is involved in degenerative processes in the aging brain. | Shikha Snigdha Erica D Smith G Aleph Prieto Carl W Cotman | 2012 | Neuroscience Bulletin2012，28，1： | 91 |
| 6 | O形密封圈的有限元力学分析显示文摘采用大型有限元分析程序 MARC/ Mentat32 0对 O形密封圈在“安装”状态和密封流体介质作用下的力学性能进行了分析 ,研究了造成密封圈撕裂损坏及材料松弛的当量 Cauchy应力峰值大小及位置随密封流体介质作用的变化情况 ,以及轴和密封接触面间的接触压力及剪应力分布状态。为重要场合下 O形密封圈的正确选用提供了一种方法。 | 陈国定 Haiser H Haas W Lechner G | 2000 | 机械科学与技术2000，19，5： | 115 |
| 7 | 深水砂体成因研究新进展显示文摘在深水重力流研究中,传统浊流理论正受到砂质块体搬运和底流再改造砂体概念的冲击。陆架边缘沉积物滑塌是重力流驱动沉积过程最普遍的诱因,块体搬运过程(包含滑动、滑塌以及碎屑流)由于具有较高沉积物浓度(体积分数为25%~100%),表现为弹性和塑性特征。浊流因具有较低的沉积物浓度(体积分数为1%~23%)表现为黏性流动,不属于块体搬运的范畴。除重力流外,底流也是重要的深海搬运沉积方式。4种最常见的底流分别为:温盐流、风力驱动底流、深海潮汐及斜压流,牵引构造可用来区分这4种底流形成的再改造砂体,其中内波和内潮汐引起的斜压流再改造砂体的特征仍需深入研究。仅通过地震剖面与地质体形态无法识别块体搬运和底流再改造砂体类型,岩心和露头观察是唯一能鉴别其沉积相特征的方法。短期事件,如地震、海啸、热带风暴等,可能只持续几小时或者几天,却是沉积物滑塌的重要触发机制,比长达数千年低水位沉积期更为重要。 | Shanmugam G | 2013 | 石油勘探与开发2013，40，3： | 111 |
| 8 | Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes显示文摘This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to bring breakthroughs seen for other cancer sites. | Andrew McGuigan Paul Kelly Richard C Turkington Claire Jones Helen G Coleman R Stephen McCain | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，43： | 140 |
| 9 | 2019新型冠状病毒基因组特征和流行病学:病毒起源和受体结合的意义显示文摘研究者对来自9例新型冠状病毒肺炎住院患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液样本和培养的分离株进行了下一代测序。从这些个体中获得了严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)的完整和部分基因组序列。利用Sanger测序连接病毒重叠群以获得全长基因组,cDNA末端快速扩增确定终端区。对这些SARSCoV-2基因组和其他冠状病毒基因组进行了系统进化分析,以确定该病毒的进化史并有助于推断其可能的起源。 | 刘青(译) 刘莉(审校) Lu R Zhao X Li J Niu P Yang B Wu H Wang W Song H Huang B Zhu N Bi Y Ma X Zhan F Wang L Hu T Zhou H Hu Z Zhou W Zhao L Chen J Meng Y Wang J Lin Y Yuan J Xie Z Ma J Liu WJ Wang D Xu W Holmes EC Gao GF Wu G Chen W Shi W Tan W | 2020 | 中华高血压杂志2020，28，3： | 516 |
| 10 | Measurements of dihadron correlations relative to the event plane in Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV显示文摘Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,ie.jet-quenching.Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au collisions.The modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching ef-fect.This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle pr.The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are described.The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow backgrounds.The away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles.The near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately constant.The correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluc-tuations.It is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure.The dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open ques-tion.Even with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure is robust.These results,with extens-ive systematic studies of the dihadron correlations as a function ofФ_(s),trigger and associated particle pT,and the pseudo-rapidity range△_(η),should provide stringent inputs to help understand the underlying physics mechanisms of jet-medium interactions in high energy nuclear collisions. | H.Agakishiev M.M.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed A.V.Alakhverdyants I.Alekseev J.Alford B.D.Anderson C.D.Anson D.Arkhipkin G.S.Averichev J.Balewski D.R.Beavis N.K.Behera R.Bellwied M.J.Betancourt R.R.Betts A.Bhasin A.K.Bhat H.Bichsel J.Bieleik J.Bielcikova B.Biritz L.C.Bland W.Borowski J.Bouchet E.Braidot A.V.Brandin A.Bridgeman S.G.Brovko E.Bruna S.Bueltmann I.Bunzarov T.P.Burton X.Z.Cai H.Caines M.Calderon de la Barca Sanchez D.Cebra R.Cendejas M.C.Cervantes Z.Chajecki P.Chaloupka S.Chattopadhyay H.F.Chen J.H.Chen J.Y.Chen L.Chen J.Cheng M.Cherney A.Chikanian K.E.Choi W.Christie P.Chung M.J.M.Codrington R.Corliss J.G.Cramer H.J.Crawford S.Dash A.Davila Leyva L.C.De Silvat R.R.Debbe T.G.Dedovich A.A.Derevschikov R.Derradi de Souza L.Didenko P.Djawotho S.M.Dogra X.Dong J.L.Drachenberg J.E.Draper J.C.Dunlop L.G Efimov M.Elnim J.Engelage G Eppley M.Estienne L.Eun O.Evdokimov R.Fatemi J.Fedorisin A.Feng R.G.Fersch P.Filip E.Finch V.Fine Y.Fisyak C.A.Gagliardi D.R.Gangadharan A.Geromitsos F.Geurts P.Ghosh Y.N.Gorbunov A.Gordon O.Grebenyuk D.Grosnick S.M.Guertin A.Gupta W.Guryn B.Haag O.Hajkova A.Hamed L-X.Han J.W.Harris J.P.Hays-Wehle M.Heinz S.Heppelmann A.Hirsch E.Hjort G.W.Hoffmann D.J.Hofiman B.Huang H.Z.Huang T.J.Humanic L.Huo G.Igo P.Jacobs W.W.Jacobs C.Jena F.Jin J.Joseph E.G.Judd S.Kabana K.Kang J.Kapitan K.Kauder H.Ke D.Keane A.Kechechyan D.Kettler D.P.Kikola J.Kiryluk A.Kisiel V.Kizka A.G.Knospe D.D.Koetke T.Kollegger J.Konzer I.Koralt L.Koroleva W.Korsch L.Kotchenda V.Kouchpil P.Kravtsov K.Krueger M.Krus L.Kumar P.Kurnadi M.A.C.Lamont J.M.Landgraf S.LaPointe J.Lauret A.Lebedev R.Lednicky J.H.Lee W.Leight M.J.LeVine C.Lil L.Li N.Li W.Li X.Li X.Li Y.Li Z.M.Li M.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu J.Liu T.Ljubicic W.J.Llope R.S.Longacre W.A.Love Y.Lu E.V.Lukashov X.Luo G.L.Ma Y.G.Mai D.P.Mahapatra R.Majka O.I.Mall L.K.Mangotra R.Manweiler S.Margetis C.Markert H.Masui H.S.Matis Yu.A.Matulenko D.MeDonald T.S.McShane A.Meschanin R.Milner N.G.Minaev S.Mioduszewski A.Mischke M.K.Mitrovski B.Mohanty M.M.Mondal B.Morozov D.A.Morozov M.G.Munhoz M.Naglis B.K.Nandi T.K.Nayak P.K.Netrakanti L.V.Nogach S.B.Nurushev G.Odyniec A.Ogawa Oh Ohlson V.Okorokov E.W.Oldag D.Olsont M.Pachr B.S.Page S.K.Pal Y.Pandit Y.Panebratsev T.Pawlak H.Pei T.Peitzmann C.Perkins W.Peryt S.C.Phatak P.Pile M.Planinic M.A.Ploskon J.Pluta D.Plyku N.Poljak A.M.Poskanzer B.V.K.S.Potukuchi C.B.Powell D.Prindle N.K.Pruthi A.M.Poskanzer B.V.K.S.Potukuchi B.Powell D.Prindle N.K.Pruthi P.R.Pujahar J.Putschke H.Qiu R.Raniwala S.Raniwala R.L.Ray R.Redwine R.Reed H.G.Riter J.B.Roberts O.V.Rogachevskiy J.L.Romero A.Rose L.Ruan J.Rusnak N.R.Sahoo S.Sakai I.Sakrejda T.Sakuma S.Salur J.Sandweiss E.Sangaline A.Sarkar J.Schambach R.P.Scharenberg A.M.Schmah N.Schmitz T.R.Schuster J.Seele J.Seger I.Selyuzhenkov P.Seyboth E.Shahaliev M.Shao M.Sharma S.S.Shi Q.Y.Shou E.P.Sichtermann F.Simon R.N.Singaraju M.J.Skoby N.Smirnov H.M.Spinka B.Srivastava T.D.S.Stanislaus D.Staszak S.G.Steadman J.R.Stevens R.Stock M.Strikhanov B.Stringfellow A.A.P.Suaide M.C.Suarez N.L.Subba M.Sumbera X.M.Sun Y.Sun Z.Sun B.Surrow D.N.Svirida T.J.M.Symons A.Szanto de Toledo J.Takahashi A.H.Tang Z.Tang L.H.Tarini T.Tarnowsky D.Thein J.H.Thomas J.Tian A.R.Timmins D.Tlusty M.Tokarev V.N.Tram S.Trentalange R.E.Tribble Tribedy O.D.Tsai T.Ullrich D.G.Underwood G.Van Buren G.van Nieuwenhuizen J.A.Vanfossen R.Varma G.M.S.Vasconcelos A.N.Vasiliev F.Videbaek Y.P.Viyogi S.Vokal M.Wadat M.Walker F.Wang G.Wang H.Wang J.S.Wang Q.Wang X.L.Wang Y.Wang G.Webb J.C.Webb G.D.Westfall C.Whitten H.Wieman S.W.Wissink R.Witt W.Witzke Y.F.Wu Xiao W.Xie H.Xu N.Xu Q.H.Xu W.Xu Y.Xu Z.Xu L.Xue Y.Yang P.Yepes K.Yip I-K.Yoo M.Zawisza H.Zbroszczyk W.Zhan J.B.Zhang S.Zhang W.M.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Z.P.Zhang J.Zhao C.Zhong W.Zhou X.Zhu Y.H.Zhu R.Zoulkarneev Y.Zoulkarneeva | 2021 | Chinese Physics C2021，45，4： | 351 |
| 11 | Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis:An update显示文摘There have been considerable recent advances towards a better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying liver fibrogenesis.Recent data indicate that the termination of fibrogenic processes and the restoration of deficient fibrolytic pathways may allow the reversal of advanced fibrosis and even cirrhosis.Therefore,efforts have been made to better clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in liver fibrosis.Activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)remains a central event in fibrosis,complemented by other sources of matrix-producing cells,including portal fibroblasts,fibrocytes and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts.These cells converge in a complex interaction with neighboring cells to provoke scarring in response to persistent injury.Defining the interaction of different cell types,revealing the effects of cytokines on these cells and characterizing the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in activated HSCs will enable the discovery of new therapeutic targets.Moreover,the characterization of different pathways associated with different etiologies aid in the development of disease-specific therapies.This article outlines recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis that may be translated into future therapies.The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis associated with alcoholic liver disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis are also discussed to emphasize the various mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis. | Gülsüm ?zlem Elpek | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 82 |
| 12 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus and CA 19-9 levels显示文摘AIM:To prospectively investigate serum CA 19-9 levels in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with age-and gender-matched control subjects. METHODS:We recorded duration of diabetes and examined fasting glucose levels,HbA1c levels and serum CA 19-9 levels in 76 type 2 diabetic patients and 76 controls.Abdominal CT was performed in order to eliminate abdominal malignancy in the diabetic and control groups. RESULTS:The average CA 19-9 level was 46.0±22.4 U/mL for diabetic patients whereas it was 9.97±7.1 U/mL for the control group(P<0.001).Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between diabetes and CA 19-9 independent from age,gender,glucose level and HbA1c level(t=8.8,P<001).Two of the diabetic patients were excluded from the study because of abdominal malignancy shown by CT at the initial evaluation.For all patients,abdominal CT showed no pancreatic abnormalities. CONCLUSION:CA 19-9 is a tumor-associated antigen, which is elevated in pancreatic,upper gastrointestinal tract,ovarian hepatocellular,and colorectal cancers,as well as in inflammatory conditions of the hepatobiliary system,biliary obstruction and in thyroid diseases. Diabetes has been claimed to be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer,which is increasing its incidence and has one of the lowest survival rates of all cancers.CA 19-9 is used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer but is also a marker of pancreatic tissue damage that might be caused by diabetes.We propose that a higher cut- off value of CA 19-9 should be used in diabetics to differentiate benign and malignant pancreatic disease, and subtle elevations of CA 19-9 in diabetics should be considered as the indication of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. | Oya Uygur-Bayramicli Resat Dabak Ekrem Orbay Can Dolapclo■lu Mehmet Sargin Gamze Kilico■lu Yüksel Güleryüzlü Alpaslan Mayada■li | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，40： | 63 |
| 13 | 国际骨关节炎研究学会髋与膝骨关节炎治疗指南——第二部分:基于循证和专家共识之治疗指南显示文摘目的基于循证医学及专家共识,制定出以患者为本、可持续更新的髋与膝骨关节炎(OA)简明治疗指南,旨在帮助世界范围内的医生和专职医护专业人员进行普遍应用及专科治疗。方法来自相关领域的16位专家(涵盖两大洲6个国家)组成该治疗指南研究小组,系统回顾1945年至2006年1月出版的髋和膝OA治疗指南,采用指南研究与评价评审表(AGREE)法进行严格评估,并基于这些指南的共识,制定一套核心性治疗常规。2002年前的循证依据获取自欧洲抗风湿病联盟(EULAR)的系统性回顾,2002年后的循证依据更新自MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、AMED、Cochrane Library、HTA数据库。对循证依据的质量进行评估,并尽可能对效能(ES)、需要治疗的病例数、相对风险、优势比和生活质量调整寿命年(QALY)费用等方面进行相应评分。依据Delphi法和推荐强度(SOR)产生具有共识性的治疗议案,用视觉模拟评分确定其中的治疗方法。结果共检索出23个符合纳入标准的髋和膝OA治疗指南(6个主要基于专家意见,5个主要基于循证依据,12个两者兼具),涉及51种不同疗法,但只有20种是广泛推广应用的。这些疗法缓解疼痛之ES各不相同,总体上药物治疗(ES:0.25,95%CI:0.16、0.34)与非药物治疗(ES:0.39,95%CI:0.31、0.47)之间的差异,无统计学意义。经过国际骨关节炎研究学会(OARSI)成员对治疗指南草案的反馈和6轮Delphi法反馈后,得出25个有详细论述的治疗方法。对髋和膝OA患者的最佳治疗方法是联合应用非药物治疗和药物治疗。推荐应用的指南中包括12种非药物治疗方法(宣教和自我管理,定期电话联系,转诊给理疗师治疗,有氧运动,肌肉锻炼和水疗,减轻体重,行走时持支具,带护膝,垫鞋垫,热疗,经皮神经电刺激、针灸)、8种药物疗法(缓解症状的对乙酰氨基酚,口服环氧化酶-2选择性抑制剂和非选择性抑制剂非类固醇类消炎镇痛药,外用非类固醇类消炎镇痛药和辣椒素,关节内注射皮质类固醇和透明质酸,氨基葡萄糖和硫酸软骨素;可能起结构修复效果的硫酸氨基葡萄糖,硫酸软骨素和双醋瑞因;治疗顽固性疼痛的阿片类镇痛药)和5种手术模式(全髋和全膝关节置换术,单髁膝关节置换术,截骨术和保留股骨头的外科手术,膝关节炎关节镜清洗和清创术,关节替换失败后补救措施——关节融合术)。同时提示以上各推荐疗法的SOR和95%CI。结论经严格评价现有OA治疗指南,系统回顾循证依据及国际多学科专家的共识,制定出本推荐应用的治疗指南(内有25种治疗方法的详细介绍)。根据每一疗法的适用性和SOR,本治疗指南可适用于不同国家或地区。一旦有新的循证依据出现,本指南会进行系统性回顾并适时作出修定。 | ZhangW Moskowitz RW Nuki G 曹月龙(节译) 高宁阳(节译) 庞坚(节译) 王翔(节译) 徐宇(节译) 段铁骊(节译) 赵咏芳(节译) 詹红生(节译) 石印玉(节译) | 2009 | 国际骨科学杂志2009，30，4： | 75 |
| 14 | 基于计算试验设计与代理模型的飞行器近似优化策略探讨显示文摘现代飞行器设计优化中广泛应用高精度分析模型以提高设计可信度与综合性能,但是也带来了计算复杂性问题。为了有效缓解计算耗时的问题,基于计算试验设计与代理模型的飞行器近似优化策略成为研究热点。近似优化策略通过构造合理的近似模型引导优化过程快速收敛到最优解,从而达到降低计算成本,缩短设计周期的目的。根据广泛的文献调研,对飞行器近似优化策略的发展现状进行详细探讨。给出近似优化策略的定义、求解流程、特点以及关键技术。对计算试验设计方法、代理模型方法、精度校验与代理模型选择方法等技术进行综述。围绕静态与自适应两类近似优化策略,重点讨论典型的代理模型管理与更新策略与收敛准则。针对飞行器多学科设计优化问题,探讨近似优化策略与分解策略在求解效率与收敛性方面的技术特点。通过数值算例对各项关键技术的特点进行较详尽的对比分析与总结,并依托飞行器设计优化工程实例对近似优化策略的综合性能进行探讨,指出不同近似优化策略的适用范围。研究结果表明,飞行器近似优化策略在优化效率、全局收敛性以及鲁棒性等方面体现出较显著的优势,具有良好的工程应用前景。指出飞行器近似优化策略的未来研究方向。 | 龙腾 刘建 WANG G Gary 刘莉 史人赫 郭晓松 | 2016 | 机械工程学报2016，52，14： | 69 |
| 15 | Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) as a biomarker for acute myocardial injury and long-term post-ischemic prognosis显示文摘尖锐心肌的梗塞(AMI ) 是一个威胁生活的事件。甚至与及时处理,尖锐 ischemic 心肌的损害和随后的局部缺血灌注损害(IRI ) 能仍然是困难的问题处理。除了放射学并且另外的辅助考试,适用的心脏的 biomarkers 的实验室测试为这混乱监视的早诊断和结束也是必要的。心类型丰满的酸绑定蛋白质(H-FABP ) 主要在 cardiomyocytes 内存在,最近为心肌的损害作为潜在地有希望的 biomarker 出现了。在这评论,我们在对心肌的损害和 IRI 的评价讨论 H-FABP 的敏感和特性,特别在早阶段,和它与另外的通常使用的心脏的 biomarkers 比较的长期的预示的价值,包括肌球素( Mb ),心脏的 troponin 我( cTnI ),肌酸 kinase MB ( CK-MB ),C反应的蛋白质( CRP ),肝糖 phosphorylase isoenzyme BB ( GPBB ),和高敏感的心脏的 troponin T ( hs-cTnT )。有另外的 biomarkers 的 H-FABP 的联合申请的潜力和值也被讨论。最后, H-FABP 的前景被总结;几个技术问题被讨论在临床的实践便于 H-FABP 的更宽的申请。 | Xiao-dong YE Yi HE Sheng WANG Gordon T WONG Michael G IRWIN Zhengyuan XIA | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，7： | 72 |
| 16 | Pathophysiological 角色和在糖尿病的 nephropathy 的发炎的治疗学的含意显示文摘 Diabetes mellitus and its complications are becoming one of the most important health problems in the world. Diabetic nephropathy is now the main cause of end-stage renal disease. The mechanisms leading tothe development and progression of renal injury are not well known. Therefore, it is very important to f ind new pathogenic pathways to provide opportunities for early diagnosis and targets for novel treatments. At the present time, we know that activation of innate immunity with development of a chronic low grade inflammatory response is a recognized factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown the participation of different inflammatory molecules and pathways in the pathophysiology of this complication. | Desirée Luis-Rodríguez Alberto Martínez-Castelao José Luis Górriz Fernando de lvaro Juan F Navarro-González | 2012 | World Journal of Diabetes2012，3，1： | 55 |
| 17 | 改良的ABTS^+法及其在优化抗氧化活性物质提取中的应用显示文摘目的 对测定抗氧化活性的ABTS+ 法进行改良 ,以提高分析速度、降低分析成本 ,并将该方法用于水果中抗氧化活性物质提取条件的优化。方法 在酶标板上以Trolox为标准对照 ,测定抗氧化物质对预先制备的自由基ABTS+ 的清除能力。用不同浓度的乙醇和重亚硫酸钠为提取液 ,在不同的温度和溶剂 水果比条件下 ,提取水果blackcurrant中的抗氧化活性物质 ,寻找从单位重量水果中提取抗氧化活性水平较高的条件。结果 该方法的测量误差小于 0 2 ,测得的 14种标准样品的抗氧化活性与文献报道基本一致。用乙醇从水果blackcurrant中提取抗氧化活性物质的条件为 :在 17℃上下、每克水果用 2 0毫升、6 7%左右浓度的乙醇进行提取。而用重亚硫酸钠从水果blackcurrant中提取抗氧化活性物质的条件为 :在 30℃上下、每克水果用2 0毫升、30 0mg L左右浓度的重亚硫酸钠进行提取。结论 改良的ABTS+ 法测定物质的抗氧化活性 ,方法简便可行 ,可用于优化抗氧化活性物质的提取 。 | 韩光亮 李翠梅 Eduardo Cacace G Mazza 杨晓光 | 2004 | 卫生研究2004，33，5： | 53 |
| 18 | 丹麦舍饲散养自然通风奶牛舍的空气环境分析显示文摘近年来,奶牛全舍饲散养工艺技术被欧美等国家越来越普遍地使用。全舍饲工艺中的舍内空气质量对奶牛的健康和生产性能影响很大,为较深入了解该工艺中热环境与其它有害气体的相应关系,通过对丹麦7个有代表性奶牛场进行温度、含湿量及几种主要有害气体的现场测试,对该工艺下舍内空气环境条件进行分析研究。结果表明:丹麦气候条件下全舍饲的自然通风牛舍,其舍内热湿状况受舍外温湿度及牛体本身的影响,在0~25℃范围内,舍温一般比舍外高1~3℃,舍外温度每升高1℃,舍内温度上升0.8℃,含湿量约增加1000mg/m3;舍内各环境因素之间具有显著的相关性,温度、含湿量的高低对NH3、CO2、CH4浓度均有影响;白天,由于自然通风量较大,这3种气体的平均浓度比夜间低20%左右。而N2O在整个测量过程中并未发现显著变化。 | 李保明 施正香 G Zhang 王朝元 H. B. Rom S. Morsing J. S. Strom | 2004 | 农业工程学报2004，20，5： | 51 |
| 19 | 爆破荷载的数值模拟与应用显示文摘本文从模拟爆孔周边裂缝发展对爆孔压力的影响入手,提出了一种新的爆破荷载模型,减少了计算爆破荷载对实测数据的依赖,使传统的基于实测手段的半经验化爆破模型向理性化方向前进了一步。 | 李宁 Swobo,G | 1994 | 岩石力学与工程学报1994，13，4： | 52 |
| 20 | 消化性溃疡的现代治疗显示文摘消化性溃疡的现代治疗BrunnerG消化性溃疡是常见病,随着溃疡病发病机制研究的不断深入,新的溃疡治疗药不断涌现,尤其是质子泵抑制剂奥美拉唑(洛赛克)的临床应用,使极大多数溃疡都能在短期内愈合。以下综合介绍消化性溃疡现代治疗中的某些进展和现状。消化性... | Brun.,G 吴云林 | 1996 | 中华消化杂志1996，16，5： | 60 |
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