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| 1 | Optimization of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04 using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology显示文摘Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04,isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules.The most important factors influencing phenol degradation (p<0.05),as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables,were yeast extract,phenol,inoculum size,and temperature.Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors.Central composite design (CCD) and response surface analysis were adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values that would generate maximum phenol degradation.The analysis results indicated that interactions between yeast extract and temperature,phenol and temperature,inoculum size and temperature affected the response variable (phenol degradation) significantly.The predicted results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol (99.10%) could be obtained under the optimum conditions of yeast extract 0.41 g/L,phenol 1.03 g/L,inoculum size 1.43% (V/V) and temperature 30.04°C.These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments.The excellent correlation between predicted and experimental values confirmed the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy.This study indicated the excellent ability of C.tropicalis Z-04 in degrading high-strength phenol.Optimal conditions obtained in this experiment laid a solid foundation for further use of this microorganism in the treatment of highstrength phenol effluents. | Jiangya Zhou Xiaojuan Yu Cong Ding Zhiping Wang Qianqian Zhou Hao Pao Weimin Ca | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，1： | 48 |
| 2 | East Asian monsoon change for the 21st century: Results of CMIP3 and CMIP5 models显示文摘Forty-two climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 3 and 5 were first evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate the present climatology of the East Asian winter (December-February) and summer (June-August) monsoons. The East Asian winter and summer monsoon changes over the 21st century were then projected using the results of 31 and 29 reliable climate models under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) mid-range A1B scenario or the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) mid-low-range RCP4.5 scenario, respectively. Results showed that the East Asian winter monsoon changes little over time as a whole relative to the reference period 1980-1999. Regionally, it weakens (strengthens) north (south) of about 25°N in East Asia, which results from atmospheric circulation changes over the western North Pacific and Northeast Asia owing to the weakening and northward shift of the Aleutian Low, and from decreased north- west-southeast thermal and sea level pressure differences across Northeast Asia. In summer, monsoon strengthens slightly in East China over the 21st century as a consequence of an increased land-sea thermal contrast between the East Asian continent and the adjacent western North Pacific and South China Sea. | JIANG DaBang TIAN ZhiPing | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，12： | 35 |
| 3 | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated base-editing system efficiently generates gain-of-function mutations in Arabidopsis显示文摘Dear Editor,The CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9)system is revolutionizing genome editing due to its high efficiency,low cost,design simplicity and versatility.However,introduction of a point mutation at a desired position remains a great challenge in plant genome engineering.Currently,point mutation in plants was achieved by incorporating | Yiyu Chen Zhiping Wang Hanwen Ni Yong Xu Qijun Chen Linjian Jiang | 2017 | Science China(Life Sciences)2017，60，5： | 40 |
| 4 | Research on solar aided coal-fired power generation system and performance analysis显示文摘Integrating solar power utilization systems with coal-fired power units, the solar aided coal-fired power generation (SACPG) shows a significant prospect for the large-scale utilization of solar energy and energy saving of thermal power units. The methods and mechanism of system integration were studied. The parabolic trough solar collectors were used to collect solar energy and the integration scheme of SACPG system was determined considering the matching of working fluid flows and energy flows. The thermodynamic characteristics of solar thermal power generation and their effects on the performance of thermal power units were studied, and based on this the integration and optimization model of system structure and parameters were built up. The integration rules and coupling mecha- nism of SACPG systems were summarized in accordance with simulation results. The economic analysis of this SACPG system showed that the solar LEC of a typical SACPG system, considering CO2 avoidance, is 0.098 $/kW·h, lower than that of SEGS, 0.14 $/kW·h. | YANG YongPing CUI YingHong HOU HongJuan GUO XiYan YANG ZhiPing WANG NinLing | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，8： | 30 |
| 5 | Differences between CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models in Simulating Climate over China and the East Asian Monsoon显示文摘We compare the ability of coupled global climate models from the phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6,respectively)in simulating the temperature and precipitation climatology and interannual variability over China for the period 1961–2005 and the climatological East Asian monsoon for the period 1979–2005.All 92 models are able to simulate the geographical distribution of the above variables reasonably well.Compared with earlier CMIP5 models,current CMIP6 models have nationally weaker cold biases,a similar nationwide overestimation of precipitation and a weaker underestimation of the southeast–northwest precipitation gradient,a comparable overestimation of the spatial variability of the interannual variability,and a similar underestimation of the strength of winter monsoon over northern Asia.Pairwise comparison indicates that models have improved from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for climatological temperature and precipitation and winter monsoon but display little improvement for the interannual temperature and precipitation variability and summer monsoon.The ability of models relates to their horizontal resolutions in certain aspects.Both the multi-model arithmetic mean and median display similar skills and outperform most of the individual models in all considered aspects. | Dabang JIANG Dan HU Zhiping TIAN and Xianmei LANG | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，10： | 28 |
| 6 | Evaluation model for service life of dam based on time-varying risk probability显示文摘For many dam projects in China, the 50-year designed life time is coming to an end. It is urgent to study the theory and method to evaluate the dam service life. In this paper, firstly, the probability theory of fuzzy event and time-varying effect theory are used to analyze the time-variety of various risk factors in the process of dam operations. A method is proposed to quantify the above time-variety and a model to describe the fuzzy time-varying risk probability for the dam structure is also built. Secondly, the information entropy theory is used to analyze the uncertain degree relationship between the characteristic value of membership function and fuzzy risk probability, and a mathematical method is presented to calculate the time-varying risk probability accordingly. Thirdly, the relation mode between time-varying risk probability and service life is discussed. Based on this relation mode and the acceptable risk probability of dams in China, a method is put forward to evaluate and forecast the dam service life. Finally, the proposed theory and method are used to analyze one concrete dam. The dynamic variability and mutation feature of the dam risk probability are analyzed. The remaining service life of this dam is forecasted. The obtained results can provide technology support for the project management department to make treatment measures of engineering and reasonably arrange reinforce cost. The principles in this paper have wide applicability and can be used in risk analysis for slope instability and other fields. | SU HuaiZhi WEN ZhiPing HU Jiang WU ZhongRu | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，7： | 23 |
| 7 | Climate changes in East China since the Late-glacial inferred from high-resolution mountain peat humification records显示文摘High-resolution peat humification records were obtained from Dajiuhu of the Shennongjia Mountains and Qianmutian of the Tianmu Mountains to study climate changes in East China.The analyses of pollen,organic matters,TOC,and Rb/Sr indicate a high degree of peat humification and thus strong decomposition of organic matter when climate was dry.Conversely,when climate was humid,the degree of humification is low because peat was preserved in a waterlogged condition.Peat humification from Dajiuhu occurred not only during the Younger Dryas(about 11.4-12.6 cal ka BP),the Blling-Allerd Warm Period(12.6-15.2 cal ka BP),and the Oldest Dryas(about 15.2-16.0 cal ka BP),but also during the early Holocene(about 11.4-9.4 cal ka BP),the 8.2 cal ka BP cold event,and the Holocene Optimum(about 7.0-4.2 cal ka BP).Both peat humification records since nearly 5 ka BP are consistent,showing that mountain peatland has synchronous responses to the East Asia monsoon-induced precipitation.The LOI data confirm the above observation.The monsoon precipitation since nearly 5 ka BP recorded in these two peat profiles can be divided into three phases.During 4.9-3.5 ka BP,precipitation amount was high but fluctuated greatly.During 3.5-0.9 ka BP,precipitation amount was low.During 0.9-0 ka BP,degree of humification reduced gradually,indicating the increase of monsoon precipitation.Contrast to other high-resolution records from East China monsoon region shows that the monsoon precipitation records of the two peat profiles since nearly 16 ka BP are controlled by a common forcing mechanism of summer solar radicalization in the Northern Hemisphere. | MA ChunMei ZHU Cheng ZHENG ChaoGui YIN Qian ZHAO ZhiPing | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，1： | 22 |
| 8 | Current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China-Analyses of Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium database显示文摘Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China. | Kaiwen Li Tianxin Lin 无 Wei Xue Xin Mu Enci Xu Xu Yang Fubao Chen Guangyong Li Lulin Ma Guoliang Wang Chaozhao Liang Haoqiang Shi Ming Li Mao Tang Xueyi Xue Yisong Lv Yaoliang Deng Chengyang Li Zhiwen Chen Xiaozhou Zhou Fengshuo Jin Xudong Liu Jinxin Wei Lei Shi Xin Gou Weiyang He Liqun Zhou Lin Cai Baiye Jin Guanghou Fu Xiangbo Kong Hongyan Sun Ye Tian Lang Feng Tiejun Pan Yiyi Wu Dongwen Wang Hailong Hao Benkang Shi Yaofeng Zhu Qiang Wei Ping Han Changli Wu Dawei Tian Zhangqun Ye Zheng Liu Zhiping Wang Junqiang Tian Lin Qi Minfeng Chen Wei Li Jinchun Qi Gongxian Wang Longlong Fu Zhaolin Sun Guangheng Luo Zhoujun Shen Zhaowei Zhu Jinchun Xing Zhun Wu Dong Wei Xin Chen Yanqun Na Hongfeng Guo Chunxi Wang Zhihua Lu Chuize Kong Yang Liu Jin Yang Jianyun Hu Xin Gao Jielin Li Changjun Yin Pu Li Shan Chen Zhen Du Jiongming Li Yongji Yan Xu Zhang Shuang Huang Fangjian Zhou Zhiling Zhang Yinghao Sun Shuxiong Zeng Song Cen Jiaquan Zhou Hanzhong Li Jin Wen Jian Huang | 2015 | Asian Journal of Urology2015，2，2： | 21 |
| 9 | Can transgenic rice cause ecological risks through transgene escape?显示文摘Alien transgene escape from genetically engineered rice to non-transgenic varieties or close wild relatives (including weedy rice) may lead to unpredictable ecological risks. However, for transgene escape to occur three conditions need to be met: (i) spatially, transgenic rice and its non-transgenic counterparts or wild relatives should have sympatric distributions; (ii) temporally, the flowering time of transgenic rice and the non-transgenic varieties or wild relatives should overlap; and (iii) biologically, transgenic rice and its wild relative species should have such a sufficiently close relationship that their interspecific hybrids can have normal generative reproduction. This paper presents research data on the geographic distribution, flowering habits, interspecific hybridization, and gene flow of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and its closely related wild relatives containing the AA genome. The objective is to estimate the possibility of transgene escape to non-transgenic rice varieties and wild relatives of rice, which may result in unpredictable ecological risks. | LU Baorong , SONG Zhiping and CHEN Jiakuan(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，1： | 21 |
| 10 | ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar ages of the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone near Chifeng,Inner Mongolia and their tectonic significance显示文摘The Louzidian normal fault occurs as the eastern detachment fault of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex. Field observations and microstructural analyses reveal that the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone developed in its lower-plate was genetically related to sinistral strike-slips and extensional faulting. Two samples from this ductile shear zone yield 40Ar-39Ar plateau ages of 133 Ma (Bi) and 126 Ma (Kp), which are concordant with their isochron ages. The plateau age of 133 Ma (Bi) records the formation age of the ductile shear zone. The inconsistent relationship between the earlier strike-slip ductile shear zone and the later normal fault makes the Kalaqin Quasi-metamorphic core complex distinctive from Cordil-leran nietamorphic core complex. These ages provide important geochronological data for putting constraints on the formation age and genesis of such ductile shear zones. | ZHANG Xiaohui, LI Tiesheng, PU Zhiping & WANG HuiResearch Center for Mineral Resources Exploration, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, G | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，15： | 21 |
| 11 | High-resolution geochemistry records of climate changes since late-glacial from Dajiuhu peat in Shennongjia Mountains,Central China显示文摘A peat core with depths of 297 cm was obtained from the Dajiuhu Basin(31°29′27″N,109°59′45″E,1760 m)in Hubei Province,Central China.10 AMS ages provide a time control and reveal that this core spans the past about 16.0 kaBP(calibrated age)(1 4C age:13.3 kaBP).Multi-proxy indexes analysis of geochemistry shows the following character of climate and environmental changes since about 16 kaBP:(1) The climate during the late-glacial period was cold and wet as a whole,but fluctuated continually.11.4- 12.6 cal.kaBP,12.6-15.2 cal.kaBP and 15.2-16 kaBP were corresponding respectively to the Younger Drays,Bφlling-Allerφd Warm Period and the Oldest Drays.(2)Inheriting the some climate characteristics of the late-glacial,the climate during the early-Holocene was wet and temperature increased gradually,during which an obvious dry event around 10.6 cal.kaB appeared.(3)The climate during the mid-Holocene was genarally warm and wet.During 9.2-7.5 kaBP,temperature increased gradually, precipitation was less comparatively and the 8.2 kaBP cold event which might be representative in the globe was reflected markedly.Then,multi-proxy records were relatively stable during 6.7-4.2 kaBP, which shows the best water and thermal condition in the Holocene Optimum.(4)Around 4.2 kaBP,the climate and environment transform from warm and wet to cool and dry,which may result in the collapse of the Neolithic Culture and midwifery the civilization of Xia Dynasty in this region.After 0.9 kaBP,the climate turned cool and wet.Climate and environmental changes archived in Dajiuhu peat respond to the global changes since the late-glacial period and can be contrasted to the changes recorded in other high-resolution archives from the East Asia Monsoon region,which take on the variety model that the monsoon strengthened abruptly after the late-glacial,was strong during the early Holocene,subse- quently declined and became weak after the middle Holocene with dry climate.According to our analysis,the driving mechanism should be the response of solar radiation changes in the East Asia Monsoon region at middle latitudes. | MA ChunMei ZHU Cheng ZHENG ChaoGui WU ChunLin GUAN Yong ZHAO ZhiPing HUANG LinYan HUANG Run | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，S1： | 19 |
| 12 | Big-Data Analytics:Challenges,Key Technologies and Prospects显示文摘With the rapid development of the internet,internet of things,mobile internet,and cloud computing,the amount of data in circulation has grown rapidly.More social information has contributed to the growth of big data,and data has become a core asset.Big data is challenging in terms of effective storage,efficient computation and analysis,and deep data mining.In this paper,we discuss the significance of big data and discuss key technologies and problems in big-data analytics.We also discuss the future prospects of big-data analytics. | Shengmei Luo Zhikun Wang Zhiping Wang | 2013 | ZTE Communications2013，11，2： | 19 |
| 13 | Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China显示文摘这研究的目的是调查集中和 9 个潜在地有毒的重金属元素的空间分发模式(作为, Cd,公司, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn,和 Ni ) 在在在内部蒙古的 Bayan Obo 采矿区域的道路灰尘,中国。污染层次用 geoaccumulation 索引和丰富因素被评估。为每个重金属元素的人的健康风险用一个人的暴露模型被估计。结果证明显著地包含的灰尘与背景土壤相比提高了重金属元素集中。所有的空间分发模式测试了金属除了是当时,与工业区域的地点与一致空间分发是与国内来源被联系。污染评估显示在道路灰尘的 Cd, Pb,和 Mn 主要与一个等级从人为的来源发源重重地弄脏到极其弄脏,而留下的金属与水平从生来、人为的来源发源中等弄脏。非癌症健康风险评价证明摄取是为在道路灰尘和那 Mn 的所有金属的主要暴露线路, Cr, Pb,并且这是到在孩子和成年人的非癌症风险的主要贡献者。更高嗨价值为孩子(HI=1.89 ) 被计算,显示孩子们将多半经历更高的健康与成年人(HI=0.23 ) 相比冒险。癌症风险评价证明 Cr 是主要贡献者,与比为另外的金属的那些高 23 个数量级的癌症风险。收进音乐会,所有学习重金属元素提出的非癌症风险和摆姿势由的癌症风险作为,到在 Bayan Obo 采矿区域的孩子和成年人的公司, Cr, Cd,和 Ni 在可接受的范围以内掉落了。 | LI Kexin LIANG Tao WANG Lingqing YANG Zhiping | 2015 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2015，25，12： | 19 |
| 14 | Preparation and luminescence characteristics of Sr_3SiO_5:Eu^(2+) phosphor for white LED显示文摘The Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The emission spectrum of Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ shows two bands centered at 487 and 575 nm, which well agree with the theoretic values of emission spectrum. The excitation spectrum for 575 nm emission center has several excitation bands at 365, 418, 458 and 473 nm. And the results show that the emission spectrum of Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ is influenced by the Eu2+ concentration. The relative emission spectra of the white-emitting InGaN-based YAG:Ce3+ LED and Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ LED were investigated. The results show that the color development of InGaN-based Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ is better than that of InGaN-based YAG:Ce3+, and the CIE chromaticity of InGaN-based Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ is (x=0.348, y=0.326). | LI PanLai YANG ZhiPing WANG ZhiJun GUO QingLin LI Xu | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，7： | 16 |
| 15 | Modeling the climate effects of different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau on Asian summer monsoon evolution显示文摘Considering the different uplifting time of different subregions of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau(TP),a series of numerical simulations have been conducted with the Community Atmosphere Model(CAM4) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research to explore the effects of the phased tectonic uplift of the Himalaya-TP on the evolution of Asian summer monsoons.The results show that the uplifts of the Himalaya and northern TP significantly affect the evolutions of South Asian summer monsoon and northern East Asian summer monsoon respectively.That is,the tectonic uplift of the Himalaya intensifies the South Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in South Asia,whereas the uplift of the northern TP intensifies the northern East Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in northern East Asia.Compared with previous simulations,current comparative analyses of modeling results for different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-TP help deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history of Asian monsoons. | ZHANG Ran 1,JIANG DaBang 1,2,3,LIU XiaoDong 4 & TIAN ZhiPing 2,5 1 Climate Change Research Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 3 Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 4 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075,China 5 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，35： | 14 |
| 16 | Structural reliability analysis and reliability-based design optimization: Recent advances显示文摘We review recent research activities on structural reliability analysis,reliability-based design optimization(RBDO) and applications in complex engineering structural design.Several novel uncertainty propagation methods and reliability models,which are the basis of the reliability assessment,are given.In addition,recent developments on reliability evaluation and sensitivity analysis are highlighted as well as implementation strategies for RBDO. | QIU ZhiPing HUANG Ren WANG XiaoJun QI WuChao | 2013 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2013，56，9： | 14 |
| 17 | Analysis on the hourly spatiotemporal complementarities between China's solar and wind energy resources spreading in a wide area显示文摘China is rich in solar and wind energy resources,of which the proportion of China's power sources has been rapidly increasing.Such fluctuating and intermittent energy sources will bring significant challenges to the safe and stable operation power system.However,making use of the spatiotemporal complementarities between different renewable energy resources is a feasible way to level fluctuating power especially when they have a widely geographical dispersion.Based on the data provided by China Meteorological Administration(CMA),this research explores the spatiotemporal complementarities between wind and solar energy resources.This paper nondimensionalizes hourly wind speed and global solar radiation data and employs several indexes to compare the smoothing effect with various combining scenarios.The results show that combining wind and solar powers within a certain area can cause a fall of zero-power or very-full power hours.Besides,combining different resources improves 'smoothness' in power output when compared with that from each individual resource.However,under hourly time scale,when the dispersion of sites is large enough,the smoothing effect of combining the dispersed wind power is very close to the combination of those two different resources.Nevertheless,this complementary effect is much better than that of just combining solar energy resources. | LIU Yi XIAO LiYe WANG HaiFeng DAI ShaoTao QI ZhiPing | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，7： | 14 |
| 18 | Evolution mechanisms of the intraseasonal oscillation associated with the Yangtze River Basin flood in 1998显示文摘With 1998 NCEP reanalysis data and the linear diagnostic equation for local me- ridional circulation, four main processes and the boundary effects with relatively large contribu- tions to the intraseasonal oscillation of the vertical branches of the East Asian meridional circula- tion are quantitatively identified among all the processes involved in the quasi-primitive equations used in the derivation of the linear diagnostic equation. The numerical results show that the main processes with maximal contributions in the lower latitudes include the latent heating and vertical transports of sensible heat. These processes are mainly associated with the tropical convective activities and result in the low-frequency cyclones in the lower latitudes. The main processes with maximal contributions in the higher latitudes are the horizontal transports of westerly momentum and horizontal temperature advections. These processes are mainly associated with the fluctua- tions in the westerlies and result in the low-frequency cyclones in the higher latitudes. The low-frequency cyclones propagating away from lower latitudes not only interact with those from higher latitudes to enhance the lifting of the moist air in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), but also leave room for the development of the low-frequency anticyclones over the South China Sea (SCS). The southwesterly in the northwestern quadrant of the SCS anticyclones provides the YRB with abundant moisture. This favorable moisture condition along with the enhanced rising motion in the YRB leads to the extraordinary flood in 1998. | CHEN Guixing LI Weibiao YUAN Zhuojian WEN Zhiping | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 13 |
| 19 | Knockdown of OsHox33, a member of the class III homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family, accelerates leaf senescence in rice显示文摘The class III homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip III)gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development,including regulation of apical embryo patterning,embryonic shoot meristem formation,leaf polarity,vascular development,and meristem function,with a particularly crucial function in leaf development.Although HD-Zip III members are highly conserved in land plants,previous studies,such as genetic analyses based on multiple mutants in Arabidopsis and other plants,suggest that various HD-Zip III family genes have evolved with distinct functions and pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development.In this study,we analyzed a HD-Zip III member,OsHox33,and demonstrated that it plays an important role in age-dependent leaf senescence in rice.We constructed two specific RNAi vectors derived from the 5′-end region and 3′-UTR of OsHox33 to knockdown its expression.Transgenic plants harboring either RNAi construct displayed similar phenotypes of precocious leaf senescence symptoms,suggesting that knockdown of OsHox33 accelerates leaf senescence in rice.pOsHox33::GUS fusion expression and RT-PCR revealed that OsHox33 is highly expressed in young organs,especially in young meristems such as shoot apical meristems,intercalary meristems,and young callus.In addition,real-time PCR indicated that OsHox33 was more highly expressed in young leaves than in old leaves.To further investigate OsHox33 function,we analyzed chloroplast ultrastructure in different-aged leaves of RNAi plants,and found that OsHox33 knockdown accelerated chloroplast degradation,which is consistent with RNAi phenotypes.Finally,real-time PCR studies showed that OsHox33 can regulate the expression of GS1 and GS2,two senescence-associated genes.Taken together,the work presented here provides new insights into the function of HD-Zip III members in plants. | LUAN WeiJiang SHEN Ao JIN ZhiPing SONG SuSheng LI ZhengLong SHA AiHua | 2013 | Science China(Life Sciences)2013，56，12： | 13 |
| 20 | Recent Progress in Studies of the Variabilities and Mechanisms of the East Asian Monsoon in a Changing Climate显示文摘Located in a monsoon domain,East Asia suffers devastating natural hazards induced by anomalous monsoon behaviors.East Asian monsoon(EAM)research has traditionally been a high priority for the Chinese climate community and is particularly challenging in a changing climate where the global mean temperature has been rising.Recent advances in studies of the variabilities and mechanisms of the EAM are reviewed in this paper,focusing on the interannual to interdecadal time scales.Some new results have been achieved in understanding the behaviors of the EAM,such as the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM),including both its onset and withdrawal over the South China Sea,the changes in the northern boundary activity of the EASM,or the transitional climate zone in East Asia,and the cycle of the EASM and the East Asian winter monsoon and their linkages.In addition,understanding of the mechanism of the EAM variability has improved in several aspects,including the impacts of different types of ENSO on the EAM,the impacts from the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean,and the roles of mid-to high-latitude processes.Finally,some scientific issues regarding our understanding of the EAM are proposed for future investigation. | Wen CHEN Lin WANG Juan FENG Zhiping WEN Tiaojiao MA Xiuqun YANG Chenghai WANG | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，9： | 13 |
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