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| 1 | Betaine and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Back to the future?显示文摘Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important indication for liver transplantation in many Western countries. Obesity and insulin resistance are the two most common risk factors for NASH, which can lead to recurrent NASH after liver transplantation. There is currently no approved therapy for NASH, and treatment is directed at risk factor modification and lifestyle changes. Betaine has been used for NASH, with mixed results, and may show promise in conjunction with other agents in clinical trials. | Sandeep Mukherjee | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，32： | 7 |
| 2 | Current status of liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is the second most common liver cancer with a median survival of 12-24 mo without treatment.It is further classified based on its location into intrahepatic CCA(iCCA),perihilar CCA(pCCA),and distal CCA.Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment,but up to 70%of these tumors are inoperable at the time of diagnosis.CCA was previously an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation(LT)due to poor outcomes primary due to early recurrent disease.However,improvement in patient selection criteria and neoadjuvant treatment protocols have improved outcomes for inoperable pCCA patients with recent studies reporting LT may improve survival in iCCA.Future advances in the treatment of CCA should include refining patient selection criteria and organ allocation for all subtypes of CCA,determining effective immunotherapies and the evolving role of personalized medicine in patients ineligible for surgical resection or LT.Our article reviews the current status of LT in CCA,along with future directions in managing patients with CCA. | Patrick Twohig Thoetchai Bee Peeraphatdit Sandeep Mukherjee | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2022，14，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Role of betaine in liver disease-worth revisiting or has the die been cast?显示文摘Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is an important indication for liver transplantation in many Western countries due to the epidemic of obesity and insulin resistance.Unfortunately,no medication is approved for NASH and risk factor modification is often advised.Over the last decade,several clinical trials on NASH have been conducted with several ongoing and the future looks promising.Although betaine(trimethyl glycine)was evaluated for NASH,results were mixed in the clinical trials in large part due to the quality of the studies.It seems reasonable to re-evaluate betaine in clinical trials for NASH and alcoholic liver disease due to its low cost,tolerability and mechanism of action. | Sandeep Mukherjee | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，38： | 1 |
| 4 | Tuberculosis of the Craniovertebral Junction: Is Surgery Necessary?显示文摘 | Sunil K. Gupta Sandeep Mohindra Bhawani S. Sharma Rahul Gupta Rajesh Chhabra Kanchan K. Mukherjee Manoj K. Tewari Ashis Pathak Niranjan Khandelwal Narain M. Suresh Virender K. Khosla | 2006 | Neurosurgery2006，，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Targets of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma,the most common primary liver cancer,in an immunogenic tumor with a poor prognosis because these tumors are diagnosed at late stages.Although,surgical resection,ablation,liver transplant,and locoregional therapies are available for early stages;however,there are yet no effective treatment for advanced and recurrent tumors.Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive cell transfer therapy has gained the popularity with some positive results because these therapies overcome anergy and systemic immune suppression.However,still there is a lack of an effective treatment and thus there is an unmet need of a novel treatment.At present,the focus of the research is on oncolytic viral therapy and combination therapy where therapies including radiotherapy,immune checkpoint therapy,adoptive cell transfer therapy,and vaccines are combined to get an additive or synergistic effect enhancing the immune response of the liver with a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells.This review discusses the recent key development,the basis of drug resistance,immune evasion,immune tolerance,the available therapies based on stage of the tumor,and the ongoing clinical trials on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy,adoptive cell transfer therapy,oncolytic viral vaccine therapy,and combination therapy. | Vikrant Rai Sandeep Mukherjee | 2022 | World Journal of Hepatology2022，14，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)显示文摘 | Michael F. Sorrell MD Sandeep Mukherjee MD | 1999 | Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology1999，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Analysis of issues relating to remanufacturing technology-a case of an Indian company显示文摘 | Mukherjee Kampan Mondal Sandeep | 2009 | Technology Analysis & Strategic Management2009，21，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases I:Diagnostic markers显示文摘BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary diseases result in the accumulation of toxic bile acids(BA)in the liver,blood,and other tissues which may contribute to an unfavorable prognosis.AIM To discover and validate diagnostic biomarkers of cholestatic liver diseases based on the urinary BA profile.METHODS We analyzed urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared the urinary BA profile between 300 patients with hepatobiliary diseases vs 103 healthy controls by statistical analysis.The BA profile was characterized using BA indices,which quantifies the composition,metabolism,hydrophilicity,and toxicity of the BA profile.BA indices have much lower interand intra-individual variability compared to absolute concentrations of BA.In addition,BA indices demonstrate high area under the receiver operating characteristic curves,and changes of BA indices are associated with the risk of having a liver disease,which demonstrates their use as diagnostic biomarkers for cholestatic liver diseases.RESULTS Total and individual BA concentrations were higher in all patients.The percentage of secondary BA(lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid)was significantly lower,while the percentage of primary BA(chenodeoxycholic acid,cholic acid,and hyocholic acid)was markedly higher in patients compared to controls.In addition,the percentage of taurine-amidation was higher in patients than controls.The increase in the non-12α-OH BA was more profound than 12α-OH BA(cholic acid and deoxycholic acid)causing a decrease in the 12α-OH/non-12α-OH ratio in patients.This trend was stronger in patients with more advanced liver diseases as reflected by the model for end-stage liver disease score and the presence of hepatic decompensation.The percentage of sulfation was also higher in patients with more severe forms of liver diseases.CONCLUSION BA indices have much lower inter-and intra-individual variability compared to absolute BA concentrations and changes of BA indices are associated with the risk of developing liver diseases. | Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi Wenkuan Li Nagsen Gautam Marco Olivera Jane Meza Sandeep Mukherjee Yazen Alnouti | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Expandable metal stents in achalasia— is there a role?显示文摘 | Sandeep Mukherjee David S Kaplan Gulshan Parasher Michael S Sipple | 2000 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2000，，9： | 1 |
| 10 | Association studies of catechol- O -methyltransferase ( COMT ) gene with schizophrenia and response to antipsychotic treatment显示文摘 | Meenal Gupta Pallav Bhatnagar Sandeep Grover Harpreet Kaur Ruchi Baghel Yasha Bhasin Chitra Chauhan Binuja Verma Vallikiran Manduva Odity Mukherjee Meera Purushottam Abhay Sharma Sanjeev Jain Samir K Brahmachari Ritushree Kukreti | 2009 | Pharmacogenomics2009，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhosis:A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Spontaneous bacterial empyema(SBE)occurs when a hepatic hydrothorax becomes infected and runs a course similar to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).It remains underdiagnosed as patients with cirrhosis do not routinely undergo diagnostic thoracentesis.Current understanding is limited by small cohorts,while studies reporting its association with ascites/SBP are conflicting.AIM To explore the incidence of SBE,to determine its association with ascites,and to summarize what is known regarding treatment and outcomes for patients with SBE.METHODS Major databases were searched until June 2021.Outcomes include the incidence of SBE in pleural effusions,SBP in peritoneal fluid,and SBE in patients without ascites within our cohort of patients with cirrhosis.We performed a meta-analysis using a randomeffects model with pooled proportions and 95%confidence intervals(CI).We assessed heterogeneity using I^(2)and classic fail-safe to determine bias.RESULTS Eight studies with 8899 cirrhosis patients were included.The median age ranged between 41.2 to 69.7 years.The majority of the patients were Child-Pugh B and C.Mean MELD score was 18.6±8.09.A total of 1334 patients had pleural effusions and the pooled incidence of SBE was 15.6%(CI 12.6-19;I^(2)50).Amongst patients diagnosed with SBE,the most common locations included right(202),left(64),and bilateral(8).Amongst our cohort,a total of 2636 patients had ascites with a pooled incidence of SBP of 22.2%(CI 9.9-42.7;I^(2)97.8).The pooled incidence of SBE in patients with cirrhosis but without concomitant ascites was 9.5%(CI 3.6-22.8;I^(2)82.5).CONCLUSION SBE frequently occurs with concurrent ascites/SBP;our results suggest high incidence rates of SBE even in the absence of ascites.The pleura can be an unrecognized nidus and our findings support the use of diagnostic thoracentesis in patients with decompensated cirrhosis after exclusion of other causes of pleural effusion.Thoracentesis should be considered particularly in patients without ascites and when there is a high suspicion of infection.The need for diagnostic thoracentesis will continue to be important as rates of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections increase and antibiotic susceptibility information is required for adequate treatment. | William Reiche Smit Deliwala Saurabh Chandan Babu P Mohan Banreet Dhindsa Daryl Ramai Abhilash Perisetti Rajani Rangray Sandeep Mukherjee | 2022 | World Journal of Hepatology2022，14，6： | 0 |
| 12 | Advances in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a subtype of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease which has emerged as one of the most common causes of cirrhosis and liver transplantation in the United States and many western countries.The two leading risk factors associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are obesity and insulin resistance with patients often demonstrating features of the metabolic syndrome.Histological improvement including arrest or improvement in fibrosis can occur in patients who are able to modify these risk factors when diagnosed early in the course of their disease.In addition to the development of cirrhosis and its life-threatening complications including hepatocellular carcinoma,variceal bleeding,ascites and hepatic encephalopathy,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is also associated with coronary artery,carotid artery and peripheral vascular disease with coronary artery disease identified as the most common cause of death.Although multiple clinical trials evaluating a variety of medications targeted at different aspects in the pathogenesis and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have been completed and are still in progress,there is currently no approved treatment for this disease except for risk factor modification.This article will review the most recent and salient medical advances in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. | Sandeep Mukherjee | 2020 | World Journal of Pharmacology2020，9，1： | 0 |
| 13 | Combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a beacon of light or a castle in the air显示文摘The review article by Zhang et al.(1)critically discussed the efficacy of combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the factors affecting efficacy and overall survival(OS)with a particular emphasis on timing and sequence of combination therapies to improve OS.The role of interventional therapies such as radio-frequency ablation(RFA)and chemoembolization were also discussed-although ablation is well-established for the treatment of small tumors,cancer,it may not be appropriate for tumors near the liver capsule or adjacent to blood vessels due to a higher risk of complications and local recurrence from untreated perivascular cells. | Vikrant Rai Sandeep Mukherjee | 2022 | Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition2022，11，4： | 0 |
| 14 | Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases Ⅱ: The bile acid score survival prognostic model显示文摘BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by an accumulation of toxic bile acids(BA)in the liver,blood and other tissues which lead to progressive liver injury and poor prognosis in patients.AIM To discover and validate prognostic biomarkers of cholestatic liver diseases based on the urinary BA profile.METHODS We analyzed urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and investigated the use of the urinary BA profile to develop survival models that can predict the prognosis of hepatobiliary diseases.The urinary BA profile,a set of non-BA parameters,and the adverse events of liver transplant and/or death were monitored in 257 patients with cholestatic liver diseases for up to 7 years.The BA profile was characterized by calculating BA indices,which quantify the composition,metabolism,hydrophilicity,formation of secondary BA,and toxicity of the BA profile.We have developed and validated the bile-acid score(BAS)model(a survival model based on BA indices)to predict the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases.RESULTS We have developed and validated a survival model based on BA(the BAS model)indices to predict the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases.Our results demonstrate that the BAS model is more accurate and results in higher truepositive and true-negative prediction of death compared to both non-BAS and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)models.Both 5-and 3-year survival probabilities markedly decreased as a function of BAS.Moreover,patients with high BAS had a 4-fold higher rate of death and lived for an average of 11 mo shorter than subjects with low BAS.The increased risk of death with high vs low BAS was also 2-4-fold higher and the shortening of lifespan was 6-7-mo lower compared to MELD or non-BAS.Similarly,we have shown the use of BAS to predict the survival of patients with and without liver transplant(LT).Therefore,BAS could be used to define the most seriously ill patients,who need earlier intervention such as LT.This will help provide guidance for timely care for liver patients.CONCLUSION The BAS model is more accurate than MELD and non-BAS models in predicting the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases. | Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi Wenkuan Li Nagsen Gautam Marco Olivera Jane Meza Sandeep Mukherjee Yazen Alnouti | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，5： | 0 |
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