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| 1 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 2 | 冠状动脉内影像学临床应用专家共识(第一部分):对冠状动脉介入治疗的指导与优化显示文摘欧洲心血管介入协会(EAPCI)专家组系统总结了血管内超声(IVUS)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)这两种血管内影像学检查临床应用指征的现有证据,提供了关于IVUS和OCT指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的应用价值,并明确了最可能从腔内影像学指导的介入治疗中获得临床收益的患者或病变类型,同时详细论述了PCI前如何使用IVUS或OCT优化支架尺寸(支架长度和直径)和手术策略的选择。此外,专家推荐对支架失败(支架内再狭窄或支架内血栓形成)的患者应常规进行冠状动脉内影像学检查,并首选OCT。最后,重点论述了IVUS和OCT在指导PCI和评估支架失败两个方面的优势和局限性,并对未来需要深入研究的领域进行了展望。 | Lorenz Raber Gary S Mintz Konstantinos C Koskinas Thomas W Johnson Niels R Holm Yoshinubo Onuma Maria D Radu Michael Joner Bo Yu Haibo Jia Nicolas Meneveau Jose M.de la Torre Hemandez Javier Escaned Jonathan Hill Francesco Prati Antonio Colombo Carlo di Mario Evelyn Regar Davide Capodanno William Wijns Robert A Byme Giulio Guagliumi | 2019 | 中华心血管病杂志2019，47，1： | 17 |
| 3 | Subclinical atherosclerosis in northern and southern China: the Chinese paradox显示文摘背景冠的心疾病(CHD ) 的发生是更高的在北比在南部的中国,然而,在传统的 CHD 的差别冒险的,解释这。没有学习在可以帮助在发生解释差别的无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化检验了差别。这研究为在北、南部的中国之间的石灰化用冠的计算断层摄影术(CT ) 在无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化检验了这些差别。我们在一个大多中心选择了参加者的一件随机的样品的方法为冠的钙在一个北城市(诺思) 里扫描的进行中的流行病的学习(北京, n = 49 ) 并且在二个南部的城市(南方) 里(上海, n = 50,并且广州, n = 50 ) 。从三个领域中心的参加者(意味着年龄 67 年) 经历了用动脉粥样硬化扫描的多种族的学习为冠的钙测量扫描的冠的风险因素评估和心脏的 CT 协议。结果调整了在诺思中国(北京) 的转变木头的冠的动脉钙 20 是 3.1 +/-0.4 并且在华南(上海和广州) 是 2.2 +/- 0.3 (P = 0.04 ) 。为北京的北城市的吝啬的钙分数比广州的南部的城市的高三倍(P = 0.01 ) 并且比为上海的南部的城市高 2.5 倍(P = 0.03 ) 。结论无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化的程度在广州和上海的二个南部的城市里比那在北京的北城市里是显著地更高的,甚至在为标准心脏的风险因素调整以后。这发现建议标准风险因素充分不在临床的 CHD 发生解释北方南方差别。 | Jie Huang Yang-Feng Wu Xiao-Qing Liu Ding Ding Lian-Cheng Zhao Bin Lu Xian Li Nathan D Wong Laurie D Dustin Stanley P Azen Robert C Detrano | 2011 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2011，8，2： | 7 |
| 4 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 6 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 7 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | The Lancet2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 8 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | The Lancet . 2001 (9286)2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 9 | 绝经后妇女激素替代治疗:子宫内膜增生和不规则出血显示文摘 | Lethaby A Farquhar C Sarkis A Roberts H Jepson R Barlow D 方爱华 | 2006 | 生殖与避孕2006，26，10： | 4 |
| 10 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | 2001 (9286)2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 11 | Single vs dual(en bloc) kidney transplants from donors ≤ 5 years of age: A single center experience显示文摘AIM: To compare outcomes between single and dual en bloc(EB) kidney transplants(KT) from small pediatric donors. METHODS: Monocentric nonprospective review of KTs from pediatric donors ≤ 5 years of age. Dual EB KT was defined as keeping both donor kidneys attached tothe inferior vena cava and aorta, which were then used as venous and arterial conduits for the subsequent transplant into a single recipient. Donor age was less useful than either donor weight or kidney size in decision-making for kidney utilization as kidneys from donors < 8 kg or kidneys < 6 cm in length were not transplanted. Post-transplant management strategies were standardized in all patients.RESULTS: From 2002-2015, 59 KTs were performed including 34 dual EB and 25 single KTs. Mean age of donors(17 mo vs 38 mo, P < 0.001), mean weight(11.0 kg vs 17.4 kg, P = 0.046) and male donors(50% vs 84%, P = 0.01) were lower in the dual EB compared to the single KT group, respectively. Mean cold ischemia time(21 h), kidney donor profile index(KDPI; 73% vs 62%) and levels of serum creatinine(SCr, 0.37 mg/d L vs 0.49 mg/d L, all P = NS) were comparable in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively. Actuarial graft and patient survival rates at 5-years follow-up were comparable. There was one case of thrombosis resulting in graft loss in each group. Delayed graft function incidence(12% dual EB vs 20% single KT, P = NS) was slightly lower in dual EB KT recipients. Initial duration of hospital stay(mean 5.4 d vs 5.6 d) and the one-year incidences of acute rejection(6% vs 16%), operative complications(3% vs 4%), and major infection were comparable in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively(all P = NS). Mean 12 mo SCr and abbreviated MDRD levels were 1.17 mg/d L vs 1.35 mg/d L and 72.5 m L/min per 1.73 m^2 vs 60.5 m L/min per 1.73 m^2(both P = NS) in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: By transplanting kidneys from young pediatric donors into adult recipients, one can effectively expand the limited donor pool and achieve excellent medium-term outcomes. | Yousef Al-Shraideh Umar Farooq Hany El-Hennawy Alan C Farney Amudha Palanisamy Jeffrey Rogers Giuseppe Orlando Muhammad Khan Amber Reeves-Daniel William Doares Scott Kaczmorski Michael D Gautreaux Samy S Iskandar Gloria Hairston Elizabeth Brim Margaret Mangus Robert J Stratta | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 3 |
| 12 | Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis显示文摘 | Laurent Sandrin Bertrand Fourquet Jean-Michel Hasquenoph Sylvain Yon Céline Fournier Frédéric Mal Christos Christidis Marianne Ziol Bruno Poulet Farad Kazemi Michel Beaugrand Robert Palau | 2003 | Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology2003，，12： | 3 |
| 13 | 中国极化电子离子对撞机计划显示文摘轻子散射实验是探索核子与原子核结构的理想工具。中国电子离子对撞机(Electron Ion Collider in China,EicC)建议书设想在已开建的强流重离子加速器装置(High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility,HIAF)的基础上,升级质子束流为20 GeV的极化束流,并建造2.8~5 GeV极化电子束流,从而实现质心系能量为15~20 GeV的双极化电子-离子对撞。EicC设计的亮度为(2~4)×10^33cm^-2·s^-1,质子束流极化率达到70%,电子束流极化率达到80%。该装置除了能提供极化轻离子束流(例如:氦-3)外,也可产生非极化重离子束流(碳-12~铀-238)。EicC将聚焦核子海夸克部分子结构、原子核物质结构与性质、奇特强子态三个方面的物理研究。高亮度、高精度的对撞机有助于精确地测量核子结构函数并对核子进行三维成像,揭示强相互作用的动力学规律;原子核部分子分布包括核子短程关联以及原子核介质效应同样是该提案的重要科学目标;EicC能区接近重味夸克产生阈值,在研究重味强子谱方面拥有低背景的独特优势,有助于发现研究新的奇特强子态。质子质量起源问题也可以通过重味矢量介子的产生来研究。为了完成上述物理目标,我们将利用最先进的探测器技术建造接近全立体角覆盖的EicC对撞机谱仪。在准备EicC白皮书的过程中,我们得到世界各国专家的支持。EicC的物理与已有的实验和美国即将建设的EIC中的物理项目相互补充。EicC的建成及运行有望引领前沿的中高能核物理研究,使我国在加速器和探测器先进技术等领域实现跨越式发展,为我国核物理与强子物理以及相关科学领域提供大型综合实验平台与人才培养基地。 | 曹须 常雷 畅宁波 陈旭荣 陈卓俊 崔著钫 戴凌云 邓维天 丁明慧 龚畅 桂龙成 郭奉坤 韩成栋 何军 黄虹霞 黄银 Kaptari L P 李德民 李衡讷 李民祥 李学潜 梁羽铁 梁作堂 刘国明 刘杰 刘柳明 刘翔 罗晓峰 吕准 马伯强 马伏 马建平 马余刚 冒立军 Mezrag C 平加伦 秦思学 任航 Roberts C D 申国栋 史潮 宋勤涛 孙昊 王恩科 王凡 王倩 王荣 王睿儒 王涛峰 王伟 王晓玉 王晓云 吴佳俊 吴兴刚 肖博文 肖国青 谢聚军 谢亚平 邢宏喜 徐瑚珊 许怒 徐书生 鄢文标 闫文成 闫新虎 杨建成 杨一玻 杨智 姚德良 尹佩林 詹文龙 张建辉 张金龙 张鹏鸣 张肇西 张振宇 赵红卫 赵光达 赵强 赵宇翔 赵政国 郑亮 周剑 周详 周小蓉 邹冰松 邹丽平 | 2020 | 核技术2020，43，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and testosterone did not influence heterotopic ossification size after spinal cor injury: A case series显示文摘Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) and testosterone replacement therapy(TRT) are effective rehabilitation strategies to attenuate muscle atrophy and evoke hypertrophy in persons with spinal cord injury(SCI). However both interventions might increase heterotopic ossification(HO) size in SCI patients. We present the results of two men with chronic traumatic motor complete SCI who also had pre-existing HO and participated in a study investigating the effects of TRT or TRT plus NMES resistance training(RT) on body composition. The 49-year-old male, Subject A, has unilateral HO in his right thigh. The 31-year-old male, Subject B, has bilateral HO in both thighs. Both participants wore transdermal testosterone patches(4-6 mg/d) daily for 16 wk. Subject A also underwent progressive NMES-RT twice weekly for 16 wk. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired prior to and post intervention. Cross-sectional areas(CSA) of thewhole thigh and knee extensor skeletal muscles, femoral bone, and HO were measured. In Subject A(NMES-RT + TRT), the whole thigh skeletal muscle CSA increased by 10%, the knee extensor CSA increased by 17%, and the HO + femoral bone CSA did not change. In Subject B(TRT), the whole thigh skeletal muscle CSA increased by 13% in the right thigh and 6% in the left thigh. The knee extensor CSA increased by 7% in the right thigh and did not change in the left thigh. The femoral bone and HO CSAs in both thighs did not change. Both the TRT and NMES-RT + TRT protocols evoked muscle hypertrophy without stimulating the growth of preexisting HO. | Pamela D Moore Ashraf S Gorgey Rodney C Wade Refka E Khalil Timothy D Lavis Rehan Khan Robert A Adler | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2016，4，7： | 3 |
| 15 | Testing for HCV Infection: An Update of Guidance for Clinicians and Laboratorians显示文摘 | Getchell Jane P Wroblewski Kelly E DeMaria Alfred Bean Christine L Parker Monica M Pandori Mark Dufour D Robert Busch Michael P Brecher Mark E Meyer William A Pesano Rick L Teo Chong-Gee Beckett Geoffrey A Araujo Aufra C Branson Bernard M D | 2013 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2013，，18： | 3 |
| 16 | 14-day triple, 5-day concomitant, and 10-day sequential therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in seven Latin American sites: a randomised trial显示文摘 | E Robert Greenberg Garnet L Anderson Douglas R Morgan Javier Torres William D Chey Luis Eduardo Bravo Ricardo L Dominguez Catterina Ferreccio Rolando Herrero Eduardo C Lazcano-Ponce María Mercedes Meza-Montenegro Rodolfo Pe?a Edgar M Pe?a Eduardo Salazar- | 2011 | The Lancet2011，，9790： | 2 |
| 17 | TiO2 Supportedon glass fiber for the photocatalyic degradation of benzamide显示文摘 | Piscopo A Robert D Marzolin C | 2000 | J Mater Scilett2000，19，： | 2 |
| 18 | Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity显示文摘 | Gabrielsen J Scott Gao Yan Simcox Judith A Huang Jingyu Thorup David Jones Deborah Cooksey Robert C Gabrielsen David Adams Ted D Hunt Steven C Hopkins Paul N Cefalu William T McClain Donald A | 2012 | EN2012，，10： | 2 |
| 19 | Achievement goals in sport:The development and the validation of the Perception of Success Questionnaire显示文摘 | Treasure D C Balague G | 1998 | Journal of Sports Sciences1998，16，： | 1 |
| 20 | Optimal injection points for the neuromuscular blockade of forearm flexor muscles:a cadaveric study 显示文摘 | Roberts C Crystal R Eastwood D M | 2006 | J Pediatr Orthop B2006，15，5： | 1 |
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