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| 1 | Oncogenic role of leptin and Notch interleukin-1 leptin crosstalk outcome in cancer显示文摘Obesity is a global pandemic characterized by high levels of body fat(adiposity) and derived-cytokines(i.e., leptin). Research shows that adiposity and leptin provide insight on the link between obesity and cancer progression. Leptin's main function is to regulate energy balance. However, obese individuals routinely develop leptin resistance, which is the consequence of the breakdown in the signaling mechanism controlling satiety resulting in the accumulation of leptin. Therefore, leptin levels are often chronically elevated in human obesity. Elevated leptin levels are related to higher incidence, increased progression and poor prognosis of several human cancers. In addition to adipose tissue, cancer cells can also secrete leptin and overexpress leptin receptors. Leptin is known to act as a mitogen, inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factor that induces cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, leptin signaling induces cancer stem cells, which are involved in cancer recurrence and drug resistance. A novel and complex signaling crosstalk between leptin, Notch and interleukin-1(IL-1) [Notch, IL-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome(NILCO)] seems to be an important driver of leptin-induced oncogenic actions. Leptin and NILCO signaling mediate the activation of cancer stem cells that can affect drug resistance. Thus, leptin and NILCO signaling are key links between obesity and cancer progression. This review presents updated data suggesting that adiposity affects cancer incidence, progression, and response to treatment. Here we show data supporting the oncogenic role of leptin in breast, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers. | Crystal C Lipsey Adriana Harbuzariu Danielle Daley-Brown Ruben R Gonzalez-Perez | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Posterior interosseous nerve localization within the proximal forearm-a patient normalized parameter显示文摘AIM To provide a 'patient-normalized' parameter in the proximal forearm. METHODS Sixty-three cadaveric upper extremities from thirty-five cadavers were studied. A muscle splitting approach was utilized to locate the posterior interosseous nerve(PIN) at the point where it emerges from beneath the supinator. The supinator was carefully incised to expose the midpoint length of the nerve as it passes into the forearm while preserving the associated fascial connections, thereby preserving the relationship of the nerve with the muscle. We measured the transepicondylar distance(TED), PIN distance in the forearm's neutral rotation position, pronation position, supination position, and the nerve width. Two individuals performed measurements using a digital caliper with inter-observer and intraobserver blinding. The results were analyzed with the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for paired samples. RESULTS In pronation, the PIN was within two confidence intervals of 1.0 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.7-1.3 TED); in neutral, within two confidence intervals of 0.84 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-1.1 TED); in supination,within two confidence intervals of 0.72 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-0.9 TED). The mean PIN distance from the lateral epicondyle was 100% of TED in a pronated forearm, 84% in neutral, and 72% in supination. Predictive accuracy was highest in supination; in all cases the majority of specimens(90.47%-95.23%) are within 2 cm of the forearm position-specific percentage of TED. When comparing right to left sides for TEDs with the signed Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for paired samples as well as a significance test(with normal distribution), the P-value was 0.0357(significance-0.05) indicating a significant difference between the two sides.CONCLUSION This 'patient normalized' parameter localizes the PIN crossing a line drawn between the lateral epicondyle and the radial styloid. Accurate PIN localization will aid in diagnosis, injections, and surgical approaches. | Srinath Kamineni Crystal R Norgren Evan M Davidson Ellora P Kamineni Andrew S Deane | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Optimal injection points for the neuromuscular blockade of forearm flexor muscles:a cadaveric study 显示文摘 | Roberts C Crystal R Eastwood D M | 2006 | J Pediatr Orthop B2006，15，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Compartme-ntalization of vascular endothelial growth factor to the epithelial surface of the human lung显示文摘 | Kaner R J Crystal R G | 2001 | Mol Med2001，7，4： | 1 |
| 5 | The role of reproductive hormones in postpar- tum depression显示文摘 | Crystal Edler Schiller Samantha Meltzer-Brody David R Rubinow | 2015 | CNS spectrums2015，20，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer to primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells:asessment of transduction and toxicity in long-term culture显示文摘 | MACKENZIE K L HACKETT N R CRYSTAL R G | 2000 | Blood2000，96，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Analysis of risk factors for local delivery of low-and intermediate-dose adenovirus gene transfer vectors to individuals with a spectrum of comorbid condition 显示文摘 | Crystal R G Harvey B Wisnivesky J P | 2002 | Hum Gene Ther2002，，13： | 1 |
| 8 | Benzo (a) pyrene- induced acute neurotoxicity in the F-344 rat: role of oxidative stress 显示文摘 | Crystal R S Salil K D Aramandla R | 2006 | J Appl Toxicol2006，26，： | 1 |
| 9 | Sex dif erences in implantable cardioverter-defibril ator outcomes:findings from a prospective defibrillator database显示文摘 | MacFadden D R Crystal E Krahn A D | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 10 | Efficient gene transfer into myocardium by direct injection of adenovirus vectors 显示文摘 | Guzman R J Lemarchand P Crystal RG | 1993 | Circ Res1993，73，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Compartmentalization of vascular endothelial growth factor to the epithelial surface of the human lung显示文摘 | Kaner R J Crystal R G | 2001 | Mol Meal2001，7，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Compassion satisfaction, burn out, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient Specialties 显示文摘 | Crystal H Janet C David R | 2010 | J Emerg Nurs2010，36，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Transfer of Genes to Human:Early Lessons and Obstacles to Success显示文摘 | CRYSTAL R G | 1995 | Sci1995，270，5235： | 1 |
| 14 | Multimethod assessment of psychopathology among DSM-IV subtypes of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: self-, parent, and teacher reports显示文摘 | CRYSTAL DS OSTRANDER R | 2001 | J Abnorm Child Psychol2001，29，： | 1 |
| 15 | Construction and characterization of hexon-chimeric adenoviruses: specification of adenovirus serotype显示文摘 | Gall J G Crystal R G Falck-Pedersen E | 1998 | J Virol1998，72，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Ramsay Hunt Syndrome With Severe Dysphagia显示文摘 | Crystal C Michael F Adam R | 2012 | Journal of Voice2012，1，： | 1 |
| 17 | Induction of the hair growth phase in postnatal mice by localized transient expression of Sonic hedgehog显示文摘 | Sato N Leopold P Crystal R | 1999 | J Clin Invest1999，104，： | 1 |
| 18 | Airway epithelial cells: current concepts and challen- ges 显示文摘 | CRYSTAL R G RANDELL S H ENGELHARDT J F | 2008 | Proe Am Thorac Soc2008，5，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Insul- in-like growth factor binding protein-1 at the maternal-fetal interface and insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor- Ⅱ,and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in the circulation of women with severe preeclampsia显示文摘 | Giudice L C Martin N A Crystal R A | 1997 | Am J Obstet Gynecol1997，176，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Stress, Social Support, and Distress in a Statewide Population of Persons with AIDS in New Jersey显示文摘 | Crystal S Kersting R C | 1995 | Soc Work Health Care1995，28，1： | 1 |
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