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| 1 | Parental transmission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a highly endogamous population显示文摘AIM: To determine the parental transmission of diabetes mellitus (DM) and evaluate its influence on the clinical characteristics. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study. The survey was carried out in urban and semi-urban primary health care centers. Of the 2400 registered with diagnosed diabetes, 1980 agreed and gave their consent to take part in this study, thus giving a response rate of 82.5%. Face to face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire followed by laboratory tests. DM was defined according to the World Health Organization expert group. A trained nurse performedphysical examinations and measurements. RESULTS: Of the study population, 72.9% reported a family history of DM. Family history of DM was significantly higher in females (54.2%; P = 0.04) and in the age group below 30 years (24%; P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was higher among patients with a diabetic mother (25.4% vs 22.1%) and maternal aunts/uncles (31.2% vs 22.2%) compared to patients with a diabetic father and paternal aunts/ uncles. Family history of DM was higher in patients of consanguineous parents (38.5%) than those of non-consanguineous parents (30.2%). The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications was higher in patients with either a paternal or maternal history of DM than in those without. No significant difference was observed in the metabolic characteristics of patients with/without family history of DM except for hypertension. Complications were higher in diabetic patients with a family history of DM. CONCLUSION: The present study found a significant maternal effect in transmission of T2DM. Family history is associated with the increased incidence of diabetes. | Abdulbari Bener Mohammad T Yousafzai Abdulla OAA Al-Hamaq Abdul-Ghani Mohammad Ralph A DeFronzo | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，2： | 28 |
| 2 | Treatment of prediabetes显示文摘Progression of normal glucose tolerance(NGT) to overt diabetes is mediated by a transition state called impaired glucose tolerance(IGT). Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the main defects in type 2 diabetes mellitus(type 2 DM) and even normoglycemic IGT patients manifest these defects. Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance also contribute to the progression of IGT to type 2 DM. Improving insulin sensitivity and/or preserving functions of beta-cells can be a rational way to normalize the GT and to control transition of IGT to type 2 DM. Loosing weight, for example, improves whole body insulin sensitivity and preserves beta-cell function and its inhibitory effect on progression of IGT to type 2 DM had been proven. But interventions aiming weight loss usually not applicable in real life. Pharmacotherapy is another option to gain better insulin sensitivity and to maintain beta-cell function. In this review, two potential treatment options(lifestyle modification and pharmacologic agents) that limits the IGT-type 2 DM conversion in prediabetic subjects are discussed. | Mustafa Kanat Ralph A De Fronzo Muhammad A Abdul-Ghani | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，12： | 4 |
| 3 | Type 3 innate lymphoid cell-derived lymphotoxin prevents microbiota-dependent inflammation显示文摘Splenomegaly is a well-known phenomenon typically associated with inflammation.However,the underlying cause of this phenotype has not been well characterized.Furthermore,the splenomegaly phenotype seen in lymphotoxin(LT)signaling-deficient mice is characterized by increased numbers of splenocytes and splenic neutrophils.Splenomegaly,as well as the related phenotype of increased lymphocyte counts in non-lymphoid tissues,is thought to result from the absence of secondary lymphoid tissues in LT-deficient mice.We now present evidence that mice deficient in LTα1β2 or LTβR develop splenomegaly and increased numbers of lymphocytes in non-lymphoid tissues in a microbiota-dependent manner.Antibiotic administration to LTα1β2-or LTβR-deficient mice reduces splenomegaly.Furthermore,re-derived germ-free Ltbr−/−mice do not exhibit splenomegaly or increased inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues compared to specific pathogen-free Ltbr−/−mice.By using various LTβ-and LTβR-conditional knockout mice,we demonstrate that retinoic acid-related orphan receptorγT-positive type 3 innate lymphoid cells provide the required active LT signaling to prevent the development of splenomegaly.Thus,this study demonstrates the importance of LT-mediated immune responses for the prevention of splenomegaly and systemic inflammation induced by microbiota. | Yuan Zhang Tae-Jin Kim Joanna A Wroblewska Vera Tesic Vaibhav Upadhyay Ralph R Weichselbaum Alexei V Tumanov Hong Tang Xiaohuan Guo Haidong Tang Yang-Xin Fu | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，7： | 3 |
| 4 | 一种房颤风险评分系统的建立(Framingham心脏研究):基于社区的队列研究显示文摘背景房颤导致了发病率和病死率的显著上升。本研究旨在建立一种预测个体罹患房颤绝对风险的风险评分系统,并提供研究人员评价新危险因素的流程。方法作者评估了Framingham心脏研究中于1968年6月至1987年9月间进行了8044次检测的4764例参与者(55%为女性,年龄45~95岁)。此后,参与者被随访至房颤首发,随访期最长达10年。多变量Coxi回归确认出1(1年内罹患房颤的临床危险因素。次级分析纳入了常规超声心动图检测指标(5152例4参与者,7156次检测)对房颤风险进行再分层评估,并评价超声检测指标能否提高风险预测能力。结果4764例参与者中的457例4(10%)罹患房颤。年龄、性别、体重指数、收缩压、降压治疗、PR间期、有临床意义的心脏杂音及心力衰竭与房颤相关,并被纳入了风险评分模型(除体重指数P=0.08外,其余均为P〈0.05),模型的C统计量为0.78(95%CI0.76~0.80)。10年房颤风险随年龄变化:年龄〈65岁的人群中53例(1%)风险高于15%,而〉65岁的人群中为783例(27%)。为提高预测能力而纳入超声检测指标仅使模型C统计量略微增高,由0.78(95%C10.75~0.80)增至0.79(95%CI0.77~0.82:P=0.005)。超声心动图检测指标并不能改善风险再分层评估(P=0.18)。结论基于社区医疗中易得的临床因素建立的风险评分系统,有助于确认社区个体罹患房颤的风险,评估技术或标志物能否改善风险预测,以及针对高危个体采取预防措施。 | Renate B Schnabel Lisa M Sullivan Daniel Levy Michael J Pencina Joseph M Massaro Ralph B D'Agostino Sr Christopher Newton-Cheh Jennifer F Yamamoto Jared W Magnani Thomas M Tadros William B Kannel Thomas J Wang Patrick T Ellinor Philip A Wolf Ramachanclran S Vasan Emelia J Benjamin 黄刚(译) | 2009 | 世界临床医学2009，，9： | 2 |
| 5 | Effects of Preheating Temperature, Moisture and Sodium Metabisulfite Content on Property of Maize Flour Dough显示文摘Processing temperature, maze flour particle size, and level of water and sodium metabisulfite were varied during the preparation of maize noodles. Preheated to 90—95 ℃ a mixture of maize flour or meal, water(43%—45% moisture) and salt enabled the preparation of noodles using a pasta extruder. Maize flour with smaller particle size yielded better noodles than did maize meal. The addition of sodium metabisulfite enabled the production of noodles at lower processing temperatures; however, cooking losses increased. Processing maize flour with higher water absorption yielded noodles that required longer cooking time but with decreased losses. The functionalities of starch and protein in raw ingredients and in products were determined. Starch gelatinized and retorgraded during processing maize noodles, as indicated by changes in pasting viscosity curves. Maize proteins contributed to the increased viscosity of dough above 40 ℃. The increased integrity of cooked maize noodles, however, corresponded to the increased amounts of gelatinized and retrograded starch. | TONG Yi 1, Waniska Ralph D. 2 and LI Wei 1** (1. College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023 2. Cereal Quality Laboratory, Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843 24474) | 2000 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2000，16，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Pancreatic cancer显示文摘 | Theresa Pluth Yeo Ralph H Hruban Steven D Leach Robb E Wilentz Taylor A Sohn Scott E Kern Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue Anirban Maitra Michael Goggins Marcia I Canto Ross A Abrams Daniel Laheru Elizabeth M Jaffee Manuel Hidalgo Charles J Yeo | 2002 | Current Problems in Cancer2002，，4： | 2 |
| 7 | The fusarium wilt resistance locus Fom-2 of melon contains a single resistance gene with complex features显示文摘 | TAREK J JOSEPH J K SHELLY J N CLAUDE E T RALPH A D | 2004 | The Plant Journal2004，39，： | 1 |
| 8 | Elevated levels of acute phase proteins and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 predict the development of type 2 diabetes:The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study显示文摘 | Festa A Ralph DA Russell P | 2002 | Diabetes2002，51，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Estimation of tropical forest structural characteristics using large-footprint lidar显示文摘 | Jason B Drake Ralph O Dubayah David B Clark Robert G Knox J.Bryan Blair Michelle A Hofton Robin L Chazdon John F Weishampel Steve Prince | 2001 | Remote Sensing of Environment2001，，2： | 1 |
| 10 | The recrystallization of Ni-base superalloy显示文摘 | RALPH B | 1981 | J Mater Sci1981，16，： | 1 |
| 11 | HIF-1alpha modulates energy metabolism in cancer cells by inducing over-expression of specific glycolytic isoforms显示文摘 | Marín-Hernández A Gallardo-Pérez JC Ralph SJ | 2009 | Mini Rev Med Chem2009，9，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Characterization of commercially available lithium-ion batteries显示文摘 | Bradley A J Ralph E W | 1998 | J Power Sources1998，70，1： | 1 |
| 13 | HIF-lal- pha modulates energy metabolism in cancer cells by inducing over-expression of specific glycolytic isoforrns显示文摘 | Maria-Hemandez A Gallardo---PerezJC Ralph SJ | 2009 | Mini Rev Med Chem2009，9，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of physical training on insulin action in obesity显示文摘 | Defronzo Robert S | 1987 | Diabetes1987，36，： | 1 |
| 15 | Reconstructive surgery of the penis显示文摘 | David J Ralph Giulio Garaffa Miguel ángel Bonillo García | 2006 | Current Opinion in Urology2006，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Catalytic combustion gas turbine systems:The preferred technology for low emissions electric power production and co-generation显示文摘 | Ralph A Dalla B | 1997 | Catalysis Today1997，35，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Autophagy failure in Alzheimer's disease-loca- ring the primary defect显示文摘 | Ralph A N Ymlg D S | 2011 | Neurobiol Dis2011，43，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The development of fibrocart Uage in the rat intervertebral disc 显示文摘 | Rufai A Benjamin M Ralphs JR | 1995 | Anat Embryol1995，192，： | 1 |
| 19 | Efficient studies of long-distance Bmp5 gene regulation using bacterial artificial chromosomes显示文摘 | Ralph J D Gregory A M Michelle D J | 2000 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2000，97，4： | 1 |
| 20 | The epigenetic control of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum 显示文摘 | Ralph SA Schcrf A | 2005 | Curr Opin Microbiol2005，8，4： | 1 |
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