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| 1 | CONSORT 2010说明与详述:报告平行对照随机临床试验指南的更新显示文摘大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效果产生评价偏倚有关。这种系统误差对RCT损害严重,而RCT正是以其能减少或避免偏倚而被视为评价干预措施的金标准。为了提高RCT的报告质量,一个由专家和编辑组成的工作组制定了临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明。CONSORT声明于1996年首次发表,并于2001年更新。声明由对照检查清单和流程图组成,供作者在报告RCT时使用。许多核心医学期刊和主要国际性编辑组织都已认可CONSORT声明。该声明促进了对RCT的严格评价和解释。2001年,在对CONSORT进行修订时,人们就已经清楚地认识到,解释和说明制定CONSORT声明的原理,有助于研究人员等撰写或评价临床试验报告。一篇CONSORT说明与详述文章于2001年同2001版CONSORT声明一起发表。2007年1月的专家会议之后,对CONSORT声明作了进一步修订并已发表,即'CONSORT2010声明'。这次更新对原版对照检查清单作了文字上的修改,使其更为明晰,并收入了与一些新近才认识到的主题相关的建议,如选择性报告结局产生的偏倚。说明与详述文件旨在加强人们对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,这次也作了大量修订,对每一项新增或更新的清单条目的含义和增改理由进行了解释,提供了优秀的报告实例,还尽可能地提供了相关的经验性研究的参考文献。文中收入了若干流程图实例。'CONSORT2010声明'、其说明与详述文件,以及相关网站(www.consort-statement.org),对于改进随机临床试验报告必将有所裨益。 | David Moher Sally Hopewell Kenneth F Schulz Victor Montori Peter C Gφtzsche P J Devereaux Diana Elbourne Matthias Egger Douglas G Altman 周庆辉 卞兆祥 刘建平 | 2010 | 中西医结合学报2010，8，8： | 318 |
| 2 | 肛裂临床诊治指南(第三次修订)显示文摘“美国结直肠外科医师协会(American Societyof ColonandRectal Surgeons.ASCRS)”(协会)致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高,给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展,以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的,非指令性的,目的是为临床决策提供信息,而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。 | Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David Larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，7： | 70 |
| 3 | aunalysis of the Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Salvia miltiorrhiza显示文摘 | Haibin Xu Jingyuan Song Hongmei Luo Yujun Zhang Qiushi Li Yingjie Zhu Jiang Xu Ying Li Chi Song Bo Wang Wei Sun Guoan Shen Xin Zhang Jun Qian Aijia Ji Zhichao Xu Xiang Luo Liu He Chuyuan Li Chao Sun Haixia Yah Guanghong Cui Xiwen Li Xian 'en Li Jianhe Wei Juyan Liu Yitao Wang Alice Hayward David Nelson Zemin Ning Reuben J. Peters Xiaoquan Qi Shilin Chen | 2016 | Molecular Plant2016，9，6： | 70 |
| 4 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 5 | 地下水铀污染的原位微生物还原与固定:在美国能源部田纳西橡树岭放射物污染现场的试验显示文摘总结了美国斯坦福大学和橡树岭国家实验室等在美国能源部田纳西州橡树岭综合试验基地进行的铀污染原位微生物修复阶段性试验结果.本试验利用微生物以乙醇为电子供体还原地下水和沉积物中的六价铀为不溶解的四价铀,使之原位固定化.随后通过加入溶解氧和硝酸盐来试验微生物还原后的地下水层中还原固定态铀的稳定性.通过预处理和长期间隔注入乙醇溶液,地下水中铀浓度从40~60mg·L-1降至0.03mg·L-1以下,达到了美国环保署饮用水的标准.还原的四价铀主要以U(Ⅳ)-Fe复合物的形态存在.结果表明,固定化后的四价铀只有在厌氧条件下才是稳定的,溶解氧和硝酸盐侵入地下水层后会使固定化的四价铀重新氧化为溶解态的六价铀.在试验过程中,采用多种分子生物学方法检测了微生物种群的变化和与铀氧化还原反应有关的功能微生物.本研究表明,在维持试验系统无氧和无硝酸盐的条件下,通过添加乙醇为电子供体可有效地促进地下水中土著功能微生物的活性,从而实现铀的原位还原固定与稳定. | 吴唯民 Jack Carley David Watson 顾宝华 Scott Brooks Shelly D.Kelly Kenneth Kemner Joy D.van Nostrand 吴力游 许玫英 周集中 罗剑 Erick Cardenas 黄家琪 Matthew W.Fields Terence L.Marsh James M.Tiedje Stefan J.Green Joel E.Kostka Peter K.Kitanidis Philip M.Jardme CraigS.Criddle | 2011 | 环境科学学报2011，31，3： | 28 |
| 6 | Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype:Results of a 25-year follow-up study显示文摘IBD is a systemic disease associated with a large number of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of EIMs in a large IBD cohort in Veszprem Province in a 25-year follow-up study.METHODS: Eight hundred and seventy-three IBD patients were enrolled (ulcerative colitis/UC/: 619, m/f: 317/302,mean age at presentation: 38.3 years, average disease duration: 11.2 years; Crohn's disease/CD/: 254, m/f: 125/129,mean age at presentation: 32.5 years, average disease duration: 9.2 years). Intestinal, extraintestinal signs and laboratory tests were monitored regularly. Any alteration suggesting an EIMs was investigated by a specialist.RESULTS: A total of 21.3% of patients with IBD had EIM (UC: 15.0%, CD: 36.6%). Age at presentation did not affect the likelihood of EIM. Prevalence of EIMs was higher in women and in CD, ocular complications and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were more frequent in UC. In UC there was an increased tendency of EIM in patients with a more extensive disease.Joint complications were more frequent in CD (22.4% VS UC 10.2%, P<0.01). In UC positive family history increased the risk of joint complications (OR:3.63). In CD the frequency of type-1 peripheral arthritis was increased in patients with penetrating disease (P=0.028). PSC was present in 1.6% in UC and 0.8% in CD. Dermatological complications were present in 3.8% in UC and 10.2% in CD, the rate of ocular complications was around 3% in both diseases. Rare complications were glomerulonephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anaemia and celiac disease.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of EIM in Hungarian IBD patients is in concordance with data from Western countries. The high number of EIM supports a role for complex follow-up in these patients.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTDr. Zsuzsanna Erdelyi, Dr. Agnes Horvath, Dr Gabor Mester (Veszprem), Dr. Sandor Meszaros (Ajka), Dr. Csaba Molnar help in data collection and to Gabriella Demenyi for technical assistance. | Laszlo Lakatos Tunde Pandur Gyula David Zsuzsanna Balogh Pal Kuronya Arpad Tollas Peter Laszlo Lakatos | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，10： | 25 |
| 7 | SPIRIT 2013声明:定义临床研究方案的标准条目显示文摘临床研究方案是临床研究设计、实行、报告和评价的基础。然而,临床研究方案及现存的临床研究方案指引在内容和质量上差异很大。本文描述了《规范临床研究方案内容》(Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials 2013 ),简称SPIRIT2013声明,一个临床研究方案必须报告的条目指引的系统建立和范围。 | An-Wen Chan Jennifer M.Tetzlaff Douglas G.Altman Andreas Laupacis Peter C.GΦtzsche Karmela Krleza-Jeri AsbjΦrn Hróbjartsson Howard Mann Kay Dickersin Jesse A.Berlin Caroline J.Doré Wendy R.Parulekar William S.M.Summerskill Trish Groves Kenneth F.Schulz Harold C.Sox Frank W.Rockhold Drummond Rennie David Moher 钟丽丹 郑颂华 吴泰相 李幼平 商洪才 张伯礼 唐旭东 吕爱平 卞兆祥 | 2013 | 中国循证医学杂志2013，13，12： | 23 |
| 8 | 报告随机对照试验的CONSORT声明修订版:说明与详述(一)显示文摘有充分的证据表明目前随机对照试验(RCT)的报告质量不尽如人意。最近的方法学调查表明,不恰当的报告及试验设计将使治疗措施的效果产生偏倚。这种系统偏差正严重损害RCT本可摒弃系统偏差的特征。RCT中的系统偏差反映出了科学性差,而科学性差会严重影响正确的伦理标准。科学家和编辑们共同制定了CONSORT(试验报告统一标准,ConsolidatedStandardsofReportingTrials,)声明以提高RCT报告质量。CONSORT声明由清单和流程图组成,作者可用来报告RCT。许多优秀期刊和重要国际性编辑组织已经采用CONSORT声明。CONSORT声明为作者提高临床试验报告质量提供指南,使得评价和解释RCT结果更方便。此文旨在增强大家对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,并对每个清单项目的意义和原理进行了说明。很多项目都列出优秀报告的示例,并尽可能参考相关的经验性研究,还列出几个流程图的示例。CONSORT声明的说明和详述文件在以下网址可找到:http://gffzzff905fc352db4ba6h9nwo9qcv0wxw6ov0.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn,这是提高随机对照试验报告质量的有益资源。 | Douglas G.Altman Kenneth F.Schulz David Moher Matthias Egger Frank Davidoff Diana Elbourne Peter C.Gφtzsch Thomas Lang the CONSORT Group 刘雪梅 | 2005 | 中国循证医学杂志2005，5，9： | 19 |
| 9 | Out of southern East Asia: the natural history of domestic dogs across the world显示文摘 | Guo-Dong Wang Weiwei Zhai He-Chuan Yang Lu Wang LioZhong Yan-Hu Liu Ruo-Xi Fan Ting-Ting Yin Chun-Ling Zhu Andrei D Poyarkov David M Irwin Marjo K Hytonen Hannes Lohi Chung-I Wu Peter Savolainen Ya-Ping Zhang | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，1： | 16 |
| 10 | Perianal disease,small bowel disease,smoking,prior steroid or early azathioprine/biological therapy are predictors of disease behavior change in patients with Crohn's disease显示文摘AIM:To assess the combined effect of disease phenotype, smoking and medical therapy [steroid, azathioprine(AZA), AZA/biological therapy] on the probability of disease behavior change in a Caucasian cohort of patients with Crohn's disease(CD).METHODS:Three hundred and forty well-characterized, unrelated, consecutive CD patients were analyzed(M/F:155/185, duration:9.4 ± 7.5 years) with a complete clinical follow-up.Medical records including disease phenotype according to the Montreal classification, extraintestinal manifestations, use of medications and surgical events were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were interviewed on their smoking habits at the time of diagnosis and during the regular follow-up visits.RESULTS:A change in disease behavior was observed in 30.8% of patients with an initially non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease behavior after a mean diseaseduration of 9.0 ± 7.2 years.In a logistic regression analysis corrected for disease duration, perianal disease, smoking, steroid use, early AZA or AZA/ biological therapy use were independent predictors of disease behavior change.In a subsequent Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and a proportional Cox regression analysis, disease location(P = 0.001), presence of perianal disease(P < 0.001), prior steroid use(P = 0.006), early AZA(P = 0.005) or AZA/biological therapy(P = 0.002), or smoking(P = 0.032) were independent predictors of disease behavior change.CONCLUSION:Our data suggest that perianal disease, small bowel disease, smoking, prior steroid use, early AZA or AZA/biological therapy are all predictors of disease behavior change in CD patients. | Peter Laszlo Lakatos Zsofia Czegledi Tamas Szamosi Janos Banai Gyula David Ferenc Zsigmond Tunde Pandur Zsuzsanna Erdelyi Orsolya Gemela Janos Papp Laszlo Lakatos | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，28： | 14 |
| 11 | Removing ammonium from water and wastewater using cost-effective adsorbents:A review显示文摘Ammonium is an important nutrient in primary production; however, high ammonium loads can cause eutrophication of natural waterways, contributing to undesirable changes in water quality and ecosystem structure. While ammonium pollution comes from diffuse agricultural sources, making control difficult, industrial or municipal point sources such as wastewater treatment plants also contribute significantly to overall ammonium pollution.These latter sources can be targeted more readily to control ammonium release into water systems. To assist policy makers and researchers in understanding the diversity of treatment options and the best option for their circumstance, this paper produces a comprehensive review of existing treatment options for ammonium removal with a particular focus on those technologies which offer the highest rates of removal and cost-effectiveness. Ion exchange and adsorption material methods are simple to apply, cost-effective, environmentally friendly technologies which are quite efficient at removing ammonium from treated water. The review presents a list of adsorbents from the literature, their adsorption capacities and other parameters needed for ammonium removal. Further, the preparation of adsorbents with high ammonium removal capacities and new adsorbents is discussed in the context of their relative cost, removal efficiencies, and limitations. Efficient, cost-effective, and environmental friendly adsorbents for the removal of ammonium on a large scale for commercial or water treatment plants are provided. In addition, future perspectives on removing ammonium using adsorbents are presented. | Jianyin Huang Nadeeka Rathnayake Kankanamge Christopher Chow David T.Welsh Tianling Li Peter R.Teasdale | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，1： | 13 |
| 12 | The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System显示文摘 | David N. Louis Hiroko Ohgaki Otmar D. Wiestler Webster K. Cavenee Peter C. Burger Anne Jouvet Bernd W. Scheithauer Paul Kleihues | 2007 | Acta Neuropathologica2007，，2： | 13 |
| 13 | 踝关节脱位是导致旋后外旋型踝关节骨折预后不良的危险因素显示文摘旋后外旋型骨折是踝关节骨折中最为常见的类型。其中SER四型骨折由于造成踝关节不稳,所以需要手术治疗。SER四型骨折部分会造成踝关节脱位。踝关节骨折脱位意味着关节软骨和关节周围软组织的严重损伤,但目前还缺乏脱位对围手术期并发症、放射学及临床疗效影响的研究。本研究的目的是探讨脱位是否会增加SER四型踝关节骨折(内踝骨折或三角韧带断裂)切口并发症或深部感染发生率、是否会增加骨折复位不良的风险、是否与经过至少随访1年后的关节功能不良有关。2004-2010年由同一医生治疗的SER四型旋后外旋型踝关节骨折共178例,经过选择后共有108例纳入本研究中。 | Peter K.Sculco Lionel E.Lazaro Milton M.Little Marschall B.Berkes Stephen J.Warner David L.Helfet Dean G.Lorich 王勇卓(整理) 张民(整理) | 2016 | 实用骨科杂志2016，22，10： | 12 |
| 14 | 更好地报告随机试验中的危害:CONSORT声明扩展版显示文摘面对随机对照试验(RCTs)报告质量过低的种种确凿证据和严重后果,许多医学杂志及编辑小组现已接受并支持一份包含有22个条目的清单和一个流程图的CONSORT声明(试验报告统一标准)。由于CONSORT的主旨是提高干预措施疗效的报告质量,故其中只有一个条目是具体针对安全性的。大量证据表明,报告RCT中的危害的相关数据的报告质量有待提高。2003年5月,CONSORT小组成员,包括杂志编辑和科学家,齐聚加拿大魁北克省Mentoebello探讨了这一问题,并形成以下文件:标准CONSORT清单附带报告危害相关问题的10个新推荐意见,并附上说明及恰当报告的实例。我们希望该声明连同其它CONSORT相关材料(www.consort-statement.org)将有助于作者提高RCT报告中与危害相关数据的报告质量。高质量报告有助于读者批判性评价和诠释试验结果。各杂志可通过修改稿约来向作者传达这一文件以支持这一目标。 | John P.A.Ioannidis Stephen J.W.Evans Peter C.G■tzsche Robert T.O’Neill Douglas G.Altman Kenneth Schulz David Moher 杜亮 | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，9： | 12 |
| 15 | Attributable cost of a nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study显示文摘AIM To study the impact of hospital-acquired infections(HAIs) on cost and outcome from intensive care units(ICU) in India. METHODS Adult patients(> 18 years) admitted over 1-year, to a 24-bed medical critical care unit in India, were enrolled prospectively. Treatment cost and outcome data were collected. This cost data was merged with HAI data collected prospectively by the Hospital Infection Control Committee. Only infections occurring during ICU stay were included. The impact of HAI on treatment cost and mortality was assessed. RESULTS The mean(± SD) age of the cohort(n = 499) was42.3 ± 16.5 years. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ score was 13.9(95%CI: 13.3-14.5); 86% were ventilated. ICU and hospital length of stay were 7.8 ± 5.5 and 13.9 ± 10 d respectively. Hospital mortality was 27.9%. During ICU stay, 76(15.3%) patients developed an infection(ventilator-associated pneumonia 50; bloodstream infection 35; urinary tract infections 3), translating to 19.7 infections/1000 ICU days. When compared with those who did not develop an infection, an infection occurring during ICU stay was associated with significantly higher treatment cost [median(inter-quartile range, IQR) INR 92893(USD 1523)(IQR 57168-140286) vs INR 180469(USD 2958)(IQR 140030-237525); P < 0.001 and longer duration of ICU(6.7 ± 4.5 d vs 13.4 ± 7.0 d; P < 0.01) and hospital stay(12.4 ± 8.2 d vs 21.8 ± 13.9 d; P < 0.001)]. However ICU acquired infections did not impact hospital mortality(31.6% vs 27.2%; P = 0.49).CONCLUSION An infection acquired during ICU stay was associated with doubling of treatment cost and prolonged hospitalization but did not significantly increase mortality. | Binila Chacko Kurien Thomas Thambu David Hema Paul Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan John Victor Peter | 2017 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2017，6，1： | 11 |
| 16 | 系统综述与网状Meta分析的PRISMA扩展声明显示文摘PRISMA声明旨在提高系统综述和META分析报告的完整性,该声明已经广泛用于指导系统综述和META分析的报告和发表。原始的PRISMA声明是针对两种干预措施比较的传统的系统综述与META分析而制定的,然而,随着多种干预措施比较的系统综述的发展,实施和报告这一类系统综述面临较大挑战。此时,针对网状META分析的PRISMA扩展声明应运而生,旨在提高网状META分析系统综述的报告质量。PRISMA扩展声明是由专家们通过DELPHI调查、面对面讨论和共识大会而最终确立的。PRISMA扩展声明是在原始PRISMA声明的报告清单的基础上经过修改,最终确定了32个条目,每个条目均与网状META分析报告的内容直接相关。本文对网状META分析的PRISMA扩展声明进行了阐述,对报告清单各条目进行了举例说明,并详细说明了在原始PRISMA声明的基础上新增和修改各条目的理由。此外,PRISMA扩展声明强调了在网状META分析的实际操作中需要重点关注的信息。本文的目标读者包括网状META分析的作者与读者,以及期刊杂志的编辑与同行评审。 | 李志霞 杨俊 叶欣 周凌波 杨智荣 孙凤 詹思延 Brian Hutton Georgia Salanti Deborah M.Caldwell Anna Chaimani Christopher H.Schmid Chris Cameron John P.A.Ioannidis Sharon Straus Kristian Thorlund Jeroen P.Jansen Cynthia Mulrow Ferrán Catalá-López Peter C.Gozsche Kay Dickersin Isabelle Boutron Douglas G.Altman David Moher | 2016 | 中国循证心血管医学杂志2016，8，6： | 11 |
| 17 | Computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses before functional endoscopic sinus surgery显示文摘This review aims to familiarize the radiologist with the common types of sinus surgery including their indications and techniques.We also illustrate how surgeons interpret 3D sinus anatomy when evaluating computed tomography(CT)studies.Preoperative evaluation by CT is mandatory for all patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS).In the past decade in particular,CT of the paranasal sinuses has become a roadmap for FESS.The radiologist's goal is to report on five key points:the extent of sinus opacification,opacification of sinus drainage pathways,anatomical variants,critical variants,and condition of surrounding soft tissues of the neck,brain and orbits.We present a systematic approach to the use of coronal,axial,and sagittal images in CT evaluation before FESS. | Emma C Cashman Peter J MacMahon David Smyth | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，8： | 10 |
| 18 | Presepsin teardown- pitfalls of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of bacterial infection in cirrhosis显示文摘AIM To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of presepsin in cirrhosis-associated bacterial infections. METHODS Two hundred and sixteen patients with cirrhosis were enrolled. At admission, the presence of bacterial infections and level of plasma presepsin, serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and procalcitonin(PCT) were evaluated. Patients were followed for three months to assess the possible association between presepsin level and short-term mortality.RESULTS Present 34.7 of patients had bacterial infection. Presepsin levels were significantly higher in patients with infection than without(median, 1002 pg/m L vs 477 pg/m L, P < 0.001), increasing with the severity of infection [organ failure(OF): Yes vs No, 2358 pg/m L vs 710 pg/m L, P < 0.001]. Diagnostic accuracy of presepsin for severe infections was similar to PCT and superior to CRP(AUC-ROC: 0.85, 0.85 and 0.66, respectively, P = NS for presepsin vs PCT and P < 0.01 for presepsin vs CRP). At the optimal cut-off value of presepsin > 1206 pg/m L sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were as follows: 87.5%, 74.5%, 61.8% and 92.7%. The accuracy of presepsin, however, decreased in advanced stage of the disease or in the presence of renal failure, most probably because of the significantly elevated presepsin levels in non-infected patients. 28-d mortality rate was higher among patients with > 1277 pg/m L compared to those with ≤ 1277 pg/m L(46.9% vs 11.6%, P < 0.001). In a binary logistic regression analysis, however, only PCT(OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.09-3.01, P = 0.022) but neither presepsin nor CRP were independent risk factor for 28-d mortality after adjusting with MELD score and leukocyte count.CONCLUSION Presepsin is a valuable new biomarker for defining severe infections in cirrhosis, proving same efficacy as PCT. However, it is not a useful marker of short-term mortality. | Maria Papp Tamas Tornai Zsuzsanna Vitalis Istvan Tornai David Tornai Tamas Dinya Andrea Sumegi Peter Antal-Szalmas | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，41： | 9 |
| 19 | 报告随机对照试验的CONSORT声明修订版:说明与详述(三)显示文摘 | Douglas G.Altman Kenneth F.Schulz David Moher Matthias Egger Frank Davidoff Diana Elbourne Peter C.GФtzsch Thomas Lang 刘雪梅 | 2005 | 中国循证医学杂志2005，5，11： | 8 |
| 20 | 颈部动脉夹层分离及其与颈椎推拿疗法的联系:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘目的:颈部动脉夹层分离(cervicalarterydissection,CD)是中青年人卒中的最常见病因。本指南旨在对CD诊治的现有证据水平以及其与颈椎推拿疗法(cervical manipulative therapy, CMT)的统计学联系进行回顾。某些类型的CMT是由医疗专业人员对颈椎施加猛烈或轻柔的推力。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会以及美国心脏协会的手稿监督委员会任命。各成员负责与其专业领域相关的主题,回顾适当的文献并参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对现有证据进行总结并指出目前的知识空白。结果CD患者可表现为单侧头痛、后颈部痛或主要由动脉-动脉栓塞导致的脑或视网膜缺血(短暂性缺血或卒中)、CD脑神经麻痹、眼交感神经麻痹或搏动性耳鸣。CD的诊断依赖于完整的病史、体格检查和针对性的辅助检查。尽管轻微创伤的作用存在争议,但机械压力可造成椎动脉和颈内动脉内膜损伤,进而导致CD。CD患者的残疾程度存在差异,一些患者预后良好,但有些患者则会出现严重神经系统后遗症。目前尚无循证指南可用来指导CD的最佳处理策略。抗血小板和抗凝治疗均被用于局部血栓和继发性栓塞的预防。病例对照研究和其他文献提示CD[尤其是椎动脉夹层分离(vertebral artery dissection, VAD)]与CMT之间存在流行病学联系,但尚不清楚这是由于对先前存在的CD认识不足还是CMT导致的创伤。超声、CT血管造影以及磁共振血管造影都有助于CD的诊断。神经影像学随访首选无创性检查措施,但我们认为任何单一的检查方法都不能作为金标准。结论 CD是中青年患者发生缺血性卒中的重要病因。CD最好发于颈椎上段,可累及颈内动脉或椎动脉。尽管目前的生物力学证据不足以证实CMT 可导致CD,但临床报道提示机械压力在相当一部分CD中起着一定的作用,而且大多数基于人群的对照研究在年轻患者中显示CMT与VAD卒中之间存在联系。尽管对于曾经接受过CMT的患者,CMT相关性CD的发生率尚不完全清楚并且很可能较低,但当有临床症状时,医生应考虑到CD的可能性,并且在进行颈椎推拿前告知患者CD与CMT之间的统计学联系。 | José Biller Ralph L. Sacco Felipe C. Albuquerque Bart M. Demaerschalk Pierre Fayad Preston H. Long Lori D. Noorollah Peter D. Panagos Wouter I. Schievink Neil E. Schw artz Ashfaq Shuaib David E. Thaler David L. Tirschw ell 牛牧 陈进 宋艳 吴丹 王玉琴 柯开富 | 2015 | 国际脑血管病杂志2015，23，5： | 8 |
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