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| 1 | Incorporating novelty and novel ecosystems into restoration planning and practice in the 21st century显示文摘Novelty pervades the biosphere.In some cases,potentially irreversible abiotic and/or biotic changes have led to the crossing of thresholds and thus the formation of“novel ecosystems.”Their widespread emergence(particularly on land)and the presence of continued environmental change challenge a traditional restoration goal of restoring an historical ecosystem.Instead,we argue that restoration could broaden its frame of reference to consider how novel ecosystems might be used to maintain global biodiversity and provide ecosystem services and,in doing so,save potentially wasted efforts in attempting to fulfil traditional goals.Here we explore this contention in more depth by addressing:Are novel ecosystems innovative planning or lowering the bar?We show that novel ecosystems were not innovative planning in their original conception.On the contrary,they were recognized as ecosystems that were recalcitrant to traditional restoration approaches,coupled with an awareness that they had arisen inadvertently through deliberate human activity,either on-or off-site.Their recalcitrance to traditional restoration suggests that alternative goals may exist for these ecosystems using sometimes innovative intervention.This management may include biodiversity conservation or restoration for ecological function.We elucidate the latter aspect with reference to an experiment in the wheatbelt of Western Australia—The Ridgefield Multiple Ecosystem Services Experiment—the design of which has been informed by ecological theory and the acceptance of novelty as an ecosystem component.Although novel ecosystems do provide opportunities to broaden restoration planning and practice,and ultimately maintain and conserve global biodiversity in this era of environmental change,they necessarily“lower the bar”in restoration if the bar is considered to be the historical ecosystem.However,in these times of flux,such a bar is increasingly untenable.Instead,careful and appropriate interventions are required at local,regional,and global scales.These interventions need to take history into account,use ecological and evolutionary theory to inform their design,and be mindful of valid concerns such as hubris.Careful interventions thus provide an opportunity for broadening restoration’s framework to focus on maintaining global biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services as well as the traditional goals of restoring historical ecosystems. | Michael P Perring Rachel J Standish Richard J Hobbs | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 6 |
| 2 | Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows显示文摘Known as the‘third polar region’,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there.Previous studies of birds,animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence.The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood.We studied a human commensal,the Eurasian Tree Sparrow,which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels,in particular in muscle-related phenotypes,highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years.In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity,we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes.Through population genetic analyses,we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation,whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci,many of which are associated with muscle-related processes.Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution,shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment. | Yanhua Qu Chunhai Chen Ying Xiong Huishang She Yong E Zhang Yalin Cheng Shane DuBay Dongming Li Per G P Ericson Yan Hao Hongyuan Wang Hongfeng Zhao Gang Song Hailin Zhang Ting Yang Chi Zhang Liping Liang Tianyu Wu Jinyang Zhao Qiang Gao Weiwei Zhai Fumin Lei | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Total homocysteine in plasma or serum: methods and clinical implications 显示文摘 | Per MU Helga R Sally P S | 1993 | Clin Chem1993，39，： | 1 |
| 4 | Determination of platinum and rhodium in dust and plant samples using microwave-assisted sample digestion and ICP-MS显示文摘 | NIEMEL魧M PER魧M魧KI P PIISPANEN J | 2004 | Analytica Chimica Acta2004，，521： | 1 |
| 5 | Ground-based GPS tomography of water vapor: analysis of simulated and real data显示文摘 | Lubomir P Grandinarsky and Per Jarlemark | 2004 | Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan2004，82，： | 1 |
| 6 | An exergy analysis of a solar driven ejector refrigeration system 显示文摘 | WIMOLSIRI P PER L | 2004 | Solar Energy2004，76，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Polymerase chain reaction is superior to serology for the diagnosis of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and reveals a high rate of persistent infection显示文摘 | Anna CN Per B Kenneth P | 2008 | BMC Microbiology2008，8，： | 1 |
| 8 | Nolinear Dynamics of Micromachined Rate Gyros显示文摘 | Per B Ljing Albert P Pisano | 1996 | J MEMS1996，59，： | 1 |
| 9 | Acoustic streaming enhanced electrodeposition of nickel 显示文摘 | Jens A D Pawel P Per O A | 2003 | Chemical Physics Letters2003，368，： | 1 |
| 10 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Schuch R Garibian A Nygaard P Raymond S Araik G Hans H S Patrick J P Per N | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Photosynthetic plasticity of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings to light intensity and soil moisture 显示文摘 | PASTUR G M LENCINAS M V PER/ P L | 2007 | Forest Ecology and Management2007，243，： | 1 |
| 12 | Viruses contribute to the development of Sjogren's syndrome 显示文摘 | Youinou P Pers JO Saraux A | 2005 | Clin Expimmunol2005，141，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Loran data modulation: extensions and examples显示文摘 | SHERMAN C L BENJAMIN B P Per K E | 2007 | IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine2007，43，2： | 1 |
| 14 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Hayden S M Mook H A Dai P C Perring T G Dogan F | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Apoptosis in UV-exposed rabbit corneas显示文摘 | Alexander P Lisha G Per F | 2000 | Cornea2000，19，1： | 1 |
| 16 | A Randomized and Blinded Single-Center Trial Comparing the Effect of Intracranial Pressure and Intracranial Pressure Wave Amplitude-Guided Intensive Care Management on Early Clinical State and 12-Month Outcome in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemo显示文摘 | Per Kristian Eide Gunnar Bentsen Angelika G. Sorteberg P?l Bache Marthinsen Audun Stubhaug Wilhelm Sorteberg | 2011 | Neurosurgery2011，，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Report of the ad hoc committee for the reevaluation of the species definition in bacteriology显示文摘 | Stackebrandt E Frederiksen W Garrity GM Grimont PAD K(a)mpfer P Maiden MCJ Nesme X Rosselló-Mora R Swings J Trüper HG Vauterin L Ward AC Whitman WB | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Disturbance of cytokine networks in Sjgren′s syndrome显示文摘 | YOUINOU P PERS J O | 2011 | Arthritis Res Ther2011，13，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Sequential Monte Car lomethods for multiple target tracking and data fusion显示文摘 | Hue C Cadr e J Per ez P | 2002 | IEEE Trans on Sig- nal Processing2002，50，2： | 1 |
| 20 | B lymphocyte cytokines and rheumatic autoimmune disease 显示文摘 | Youinou P Triller TE Pers JO | 2009 | Arthritis Rheum2009，60，7： | 1 |
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