|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。 | Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，2： | 14 |
| 2 | Tyrosine kinase of insulin-like growth factor receptor as target for novel treatment and prevention strategies of colorectal cancer显示文摘AIM: To investigate the antineoplastic potency of the novel insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) tyro- sine kinase inhibitor (TKI) NVP-AEW541 in cell lines and primary cell cultures of human colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Cells of primary colorectal carcinomas were from 8 patients. Immunostaining and crystal violet stain- ing were used for analysis of growth factor receptor pro- tein expression and detection of cell number changes, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydro- genase (LDH). The proportion of apoptotic cells was determined by quantifying the percentage of sub-G1 (hypodiploid) cells. Cell cycle status reflected by the DNA content of the nuclei was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: NVP-AEW541 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cell lines and primary cell cultures by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis was characterized by caspase-3 activa- tion and nuclear degradation. Cell cycle was arrested at the G1/S checkpoint. The NVP-AEW541-mediated cell cycle-related signaling involved the inactivation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, the upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Waf1/CIP1 and p27Kip1, and the downregulation of the cell cycle promoter cyclin D1. Moreover, BAX was upregu- lated during NVP-AEW541-induced apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated. Measurement of LDH release showed that the antineoplastic effect of NVP-AEW541 was not due to general cytotoxicity of the compound. However, augmented antineoplastic effects were ob-served in combination treatments of NVP-AEW541 with either 5-FU, or the EGFR-antibody cetuximab, or the HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor fluvastatin. CONCLUSION: IGF-1R-TK inhibition is a promising novel approach for either mono- or combination treatment strategies of colorectal carcinoma and even for CRC che- moprevention. | Michael Hpfner Andreas P Sutter Alexander Huether Viola Baradari Hans Scherübl | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 10 |
| 3 | Updates in the management of cranial dural arteriovenous fistula显示文摘Dural arteriovenous fistula(dAVF)accounts for approximately 10%of all intracranial vascular malformations.While they can be benign lesions,the presence of retrograde venous drainage and cortical venous reflux makes the natural course of these lesions aggressive high risk of haemorrhage,neurological injury and mortality.Endovascular treatment is often the first line of treatment for dAVF.Both transarterial and transvenous approaches are used to cure dAVF.The selection of treatment approach depends on the angioarchitecture of the dAVF,the location,the direction of venous flow.Surgery and,to a lesser extent,stereotactic radiosurgery are used when endovascular approaches are impossible or unsuccessful. | Humain Baharvahdat Yinn Cher Ooi Wi Jin Kim Ashkan Mowla Alexander L Coon Geoffrey P Colby | 2020 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2020，5，1： | 10 |
| 4 | Liver histology in ICU patients dying from sepsis:A clinico-pathological study显示文摘AIM:To determine end-stage pathologic changes in the liver of septic patients dying in the intensive care unit. METHODS: Needle liver biopsies obtained immediately after death from 15 consecutive patients with sepsis and no underlying liver disease were subjected to routine histological examination. Liver function tests and clinical monitoring measurements were also recorded. RESULTS: Liver biochemistries were increased in the majority of patients before death. Histology of liver bi- opsy specimens showed portal inflammation in 73.3%, centrilobular necrosis in 80%, lobular inflammation in 66.7%, hepatocellular apoptosis in 66.6% and cholan- gitis/cholangiolitis in 20% of patients. Mixed hepatitic/ cholestatic type of liver injury was observed in 6/15 (40%) patients and hepatitc in 9/15 (60%). Steatosis was ob- served in 11/15 (73.3%) patients affecting 5%-80% of liver parenchyma. Among the histological features, the presence of portal inflammation in liver biopsy was as- sociated with increased hospitalization in the ICU prior death (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Features of hepatitis and steatosis arethe main histological findings in the liver in the majority of patients dying from sepsis. | John Koskinas Ilias P Gomatos Dina G Tiniakos Nikolaos Memos Maria Boutsikou Aspasia Garatzioti Athanasios Archimandritis Alexander Betrosian | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，9： | 8 |
| 5 | Signaling pathways involved in the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor by erlotinib in hepatocellular cancer显示文摘瞄准:在肝细胞癌(HCC ) 检验导致 erlotinib 的生长抑制的内在的机制。方法:在基因表示的导致 Erlotinib 的改变用 cDNA 数组技术被评估;在蛋白质表示或蛋白质激活的变化用西方的弄污由于象 IGF-1-induced EGFR transactivation 一样的 erlotinib 治疗被调查。结果:Erlotinib 治疗禁止了 mitogen 激活和抄写(STAT ) 的激活的蛋白质(地图)-kinase 小径和信号变换器调停了表明哪个导致了调整由 cDNA 数组技术示威了的基因的 apoptosis 和房间周期的一个改变的表达式。象与象 Bcl-2, Bcl-X (L) 或 jun D 一样的 antiapoptotic 因素的一条下面规定联系的 caspases 和 gadds 一样的 proapoptotic 因素的 Overexpression 说明了让 erlotinib 的力量导致 apoptosis。支持 G1/S-transition 的房间周期管理者并且在 cyclin 依赖的激酶禁止者和 gadds 的表示上的 Downregulation 响应 erlotinib 贡献了 G1/G0-arrest 的正式就职。而且,我们显示了由 IGF-1-receptor 的调停 EGFR 的发信号的 transactivation 并且在受体受体十字谈话显示出 erlotinib 的禁止的效果。结论:我们的学习在 HCC 房间和 thus 使 EGFR-TK-inhibition 的行动的机制的理解清楚些可能便于 additively 或 synergistically 行动的联合治疗的设计。而且,我们对 erlotinib 处理作出回应的小径上的数据能在以后预言肿瘤的应答的海角到 EGFR-TKIs 是有用的。 | Alexander Huether Michael Hpfner Andreas P Sutter Viola Baradari Detlef Schuppan Hans Scherübl | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，32： | 7 |
| 6 | Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention显示文摘Acute coronary syndromes presenting with ST elevation are usually treated with emergency reperfusion/revascularisation therapy. In contrast current evidence and national guidelines recommend risk stratification for non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) with the decision on revascularisation dependent on perceived clinical risk. Risk stratification for STEMI has no recommendation. Statistical risk scoring techniques in NSTEMI have been demonstrated to improve outcomes however their uptake has been poor perhaps due to questions over their discrimination and concern for application to individuals who may not have been adequately represented in clinical trials. STEMI is perceived to carry sufficient risk to warrant emergency coronary intervention [by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)] even if this results in a delay to reperfusion with immediate thrombolysis. Immediate thrombolysis may be as effective in patients presenting early, or at low risk, but physicians are poor at assessing clinical and procedural risks and currently are not required to consider this. Inadequate data on risk stratification in STEMI inhibits the option of immediate fibrinolysis, which may be cost-effective. Currently the mode of reperfusion for STEMI defaults to emergency angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention ignoring alternative strategies. This review article examines the current risk scores and evidence base for risk stratification for STEMI patients. The requirements for an ideal STEMI risk score are discussed. | Richard A Brogan Christopher J Malkin Philip D Batin Alexander D Simms James M McLenachan Christopher P Gale | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，8： | 6 |
| 7 | Cerebral aneurysm treatment: modern neurovascular techniques显示文摘Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysm continues to evolve with the development of new technologies.This review provides an overview of the recent major innovations in the neurointerventional space in recent years. | Bowen Jiang Michelle Paff Geoffrey P Colby Alexander L Coon Li-Mei Lin | 2016 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2016，1，3： | 6 |
| 8 | Failed biliary cannulation: Clinical and technical outcomes after tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography显示文摘AIM: Prospective evaluation of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for failed Schutz grade 1 biliary cannulation in a high-volume center. METHODS: Prospective intention-to-treat analysis of patients referred for biliary cannulation following recent unsuccessful ERCP. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (35 female; mean age: 62.5 years; age range: 40-87 years) with previous failed biliary cannulation were referred for repeat ERCP. The indication for ERCP was primarily choledocholithiasis (45%) or pancreatic malignancy (18%). Successful biliary can- nulation was 100%. The precut needle knife sphincterotomy (NKS) rate was 27.4%. Complications occurred in 3.9% (post-ERCP pancreatitis). An identif iable reason for initial unsuccessful biliary cannulation was present in 55% of cases. Compared to a cohort of 940 nave pa-pilla patients (female 61%; mean age: 59.9 years; age range: 18-94 years) who required sphincterotomy over the same time period, there was no statistical difference in the cannulation success rate (100% vs 98%) or postERCP pancreatitis (3.1% vs 3.9%). Precut NKS use was more frequent (27.4% vs 12.7%) (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Referral to a high-volume center following unsuccessful ERCP is associated with high technical success, with a favorable complication rate, compared to routine ERCP procedures. | Michael P Swan Michael J Bourke Stephen J Williams Sina Alexander Alan Moss Rick Hope David Ruppin | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，45： | 6 |
| 9 | Acute coronary syndrome in the older adults显示文摘1 Introduction Coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the developed world.Advanced age is the single strongest risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and independent predictor for poor outcomes following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).ACS refers to a spectrum of conditions compatible with acute myocardial ischemia and/or infarction due to various degrees of reduction in coronary blood flow as a result of plaque rupture/erosion and thrombosis formation or supply and demand mismatch. | Xuming DAI Jan Busby-Whitehead Karen P Alexander | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，2： | 5 |
| 10 | Stable ischemic heart disease in the older adults显示文摘1 Introduction Ischemic heart disease is caused by atherosclerotic and/or thrombotic obstruction of coronary arteries.Clinical spectrum of ischemic heart disease expands from asymptomatic atherosclerosis of coronary arteries to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) including unstable angina,acute myocardial infarction (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and ST elevation myocardial infarction). | Xuming DAI Jan Busby-Whitehead Daniel E Forman Karen P Alexander | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，2： | 5 |
| 11 | Molecular markers(PECAM-1,ICAM-3,HLA-DR)determine prognosis in primary non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma patients显示文摘瞄准:与主要 non-Hodgkin 的胃的淋巴瘤在病人调查 PECAM-1, ICAM-3 和 HLA 医生抗原的预示的意义。方法:我们免疫组织化学地在 36 个 B 房间麦芽类型主要胃的淋巴瘤病人学习了 PECAM-1, ICAM-3 和 HLA 医生抗原表示。十非恶意并且十个健康胃的织物标本被用作控制。Clinicopathological 和幸存数据与染色的结果被相关。结果:HLA 医生抗原表示在 33 个胃的淋巴瘤病人(91.7%) 和 6 个非恶意的病人(54.5%) 被检测。PECAM-1 染色了 10 个病人(27.8%) 的肿瘤房间, 9 个病人(25%) 的 endothelial 并且煽动性有良性的胃的疾病的 4 个病人(40%) 渗入。ICAM-3 表示在 17 个病人(47.2%) 的肿瘤房间上被观察,当 5 个非恶意的病人(50%) 被染色时积极也。任何一个都没为任何学习的基因健康控制被染色。在里面多,变量分析, HLA 医生抗原和 PECAM-1 被证明是与联系的统计上重要的独立预示的因素一赞成并且不利预后分别地(P=0.009 和 P=0.003 ) 。在 univariate 分析, PECAM-1 (+)/ICAM-3 (-) 和 HLA 医生(-)/ICAM-3 (-) 病人与确切相反的基因表示模式与那些相比展出了显著地减少的全面幸存(P=0.0041 和 P=0.0091,分别地) 。是 HLA 医生(+)/ICAM-3 (+)/PECAM-1 (-)(n=8 ) 的那些病人让显著地更高的幸存与这个组(n=24 )(P=0.0289 ) 的其余部分相比评价。结论:PECAM-1, ICAM-3 和 HLA 医生分别地是肿瘤扩大潜力和主人免疫者监视的代表性的标记。他们的联合使用可以帮助我们识别能得益于更好攻击的治疗学的协议的高风险的病人。 | Alexander Darom Ilias P Gomatos Emmanuel Leandros Emmu Chatzigianni Dimitris Panousopoulos Manousos M Konstadoulakis George Androulakis | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，12： | 4 |
| 12 | Inequalities in care in patients with acute myocardial infarction显示文摘Coronary heart disease is the single largest cause of death in developed countries. Guidelines exist for the management of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),yet despite these,significant inequalities exist in the care of these patients. The elderly,deprived socioeconomic groups,females and non-caucasians are the patient populations where practice tends to deviate more frequently from the evidence base. Elderly patients often had higher mortality rates after having an AMI compared to younger patients. They also tended to present with symptoms that were not entirely consistent with an AMI,thus partially contributing to the inequalities in care that is seen between younger and older patients. Furthermore the lack of guidelines in the elderly age group presenting with AMI can often make decision making challenging and may account for the discrepancies in care that are prevalent between younger and older patients. Other patients such as those from a lower socioeconomic group,i.e.,low income and less than high school education often had poorer health and reduced life expectancy compared to patients from a higher socioeconomic group after an AMI. Lower socioeconomic status was also seen to be contributing to racial and geographical variation is the care in AMI patients. Females with an AMI were treated less aggressively and had poorer outcomes when compared to males. However even when females were treated in the same way they continued to have higher in hospital mortality which suggests that gender may well account for differences in outcomes. The purpose of this review is to identify the inequalities in care for patients who present with an AMI and explore potential reasons for why these occur. Greater attention to the management and a better understanding of the root causes of these inequalities in care may help to reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with AMI. | Shabnam Rashid Alexander Simms Phillip Batin John Kurian Chris P Gale | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，12： | 4 |
| 13 | Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model显示文摘AIM: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse model.METHODS: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. Murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; MannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). No gender differences in the serum liver parameters [bilirubin; alanine aminotransferase(ALT); aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(AP)] were found. In vitro, the administration of IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in HSC proliferation [0.94 ± 0.72 arbitrary units(A.U.) in untreated controls, 1.12 ± 0.80 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L and 1.18 ± 0.73 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; analyses of variance(ANOVA)]. Proliferation was reduced significantly by the addition of 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra(0.81 ± 0.60 A.U. in untreated controls, 0.92 ± 0.68 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L, and 0.91 ± 0.69 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L; in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; ANOVA) suggesting an anti-proliferative effect of this clinically approved IL-1 receptor antagonist. The FDH assay showed this dose to be non-toxic in HSCs. In vivo, Anakinra had no effect on the hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, liver serum tests(ALT and AP) and profibrotic(collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, transforming growth factor-β, and TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic [matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), MMP9 and MMP13 ] gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Furthermore, the hepatic IL-1β and F4/80 m RNA expression levels were unaffected by Anakinra treatment.CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in Abcb4^(-/-) mice and promotes HSC proliferation. IL-1 antagonism shows antifibrotic effects in vitro but not in Abcb4^(-/-) mice. | Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta M Nagel Manuel O Carranza Doris Mayr Christian Rust Peter Fickert Michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，8： | 3 |
| 14 | Immunohistochemical analysis of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms显示文摘AIM: To investigate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PanN ENs). METHODS: Tissue microarrays containing 88 PanN ENs were immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to β-catenin, E-cadherin, adenomatous polyposis coli(APC), chromogranin and synaptophysin. One case had only metastatic tumors resected, whereas others(n = 87) received pancreatectomy with or without partial hepatectomy. Pathology slides, demographic, clinicopathologic, and follow up data were reviewed. Patients' demographics, clinicopathologic features, and immunohistochemical results from 87 primary tumors were compared between patients with low stage(stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ) and high stage(stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ) tumors. In addition, correlation of immunohistochemical results from primary tumors with disease-specific survival(DSS) was evaluated. RESULTS: Strong membranous β-catenin staining in the primary tumor was observed in all 13 stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ Pan NENs as compared to 47%(35/74) of stage Ⅰ/Ⅱtumors(P < 0.01). However, the strong membranous β-catenin staining was unassociated with tumor grade or DSS. Decreased membranous β-catenin staining was associated with decreased membranous E-cadherin labeling. Nuclear β-catenin staining was seen in 15%(2/13) of stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ Pan NENs as compared to 0%(0/74) of stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ tumors(P = 0.02). The case with metastasectomy only also showed nuclear β-catenin staining. Two of the three cases with nuclear β-catenin staining were familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) patients. Lack of APC expression was seen in 70%(57/81) of the cases, including the 3 cases with nuclear β-catenin staining. Expression of E-cadherin and APC in primary tumor was not correlated with tumor grade, tumor stage, or disease specific survival. CONCLUSION: The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was altered in some PanN ENs, but did not Impact DSS. PanN ENs in FAP patients demonstrated nuclear β-catenin accumulation and loss of APC. | Vivian Weiss Julie Dueber Jesse P Wright Justin Cates Frank Revetta Alexander A Parikh Nipun B Merchant Chanjuan Shi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，8： | 3 |
| 15 | Acute coronary syndromes: an old age problem显示文摘在老年的增加的人口将导致他们的更大的数字与急性冠的症候群(交流) 介绍。这在全球保健资源上有含意并且为基于证据的治疗要求更好的管理和选择。老比更年轻的交流是有更重要的治疗好处的一个高风险组。不过,在交流的相关不平等在乎的年龄被认出并且坚持。到某程度,在照顾的这差异被不正常、推迟的演讲的更高的频率在表示在老、不太诊断的心电图解释,加强在交流的延期诊断。在死亡风险在的评价下面由于为生理的脆弱,合作病态,认知 / 心理的缺陷和物理残疾的有限考虑老,由心病学专家和 randomised 的缺乏的更少的输入,指导管理在的控制试用数据老可以进一步使照顾的不平等惊讶。当这些不平等存在时,在那里仍然是一个实质的机会改进年龄相关交流结果。为特定的治疗和药政体的老病人的选择是未答复的。对 randomised 有成长需要,人口更代表性并且与合作病态先进年龄注册那些的控制试用数据。不利事件报导的缺乏,张贴冠的 angiography 例如肾的缺陷,在老进一步的限制风险利益决定。在老交流病人的照顾的实质的改进被要求并且应该被倡导。最终,这些改进是可能的导致更好的结果柱子交流。然而,在结果的改进不是无限的并且将由年龄相关的风险的非可修改的因素有限。 | Alexander D Simms Philip D Batin John Kurian Nigel Durham Christopher P Gale | 2012 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2012，9，2： | 3 |
| 16 | 使用二甲双胍的禁忌证 证据显示应该修改二甲双胍的禁忌证显示文摘在英国前瞻性糖尿病研究(UNPOS)中,2型糖尿病患者被随机分入二甲双胍、磺酰脲类或胰岛素强化治疗组,3组患者取得了相似的血糖控制效果,微血管并发症终点事件显著降低。该项研究显示,肥胖患者使用二甲双胍治疗可以降低心血管事件的发生,二甲双胍治疗组的患者没有低血糖事件。 | G C Jones J P Macklin W D Alexander 李玉秀 | 2003 | 英国医学杂志中文版2003，6，3： | 2 |
| 17 | Topographic patterns of vascular disease: HOX proteins as determining factors?显示文摘Steadily increasing evidence supports the idea that genetic diversities in the vascular bed are, in addition to hemodynamic influences, a major contributing factor in determining region-specific cardiovascular disease susceptibility. Members of the phylogenetically highly conserved Hox gene family of developmental regulators have to be viewed as prime candidates for determining these regional genetic differences in the vasculature. During embryonic patterning, the regionally distinct and precisely choreographed expression patterns of HOX transcription factors are essential for the correct specification of positional identities. Apparently, these topographic patterns are to some degree retained in certain adult tissues, including the circulatory system. While an understanding of the functional significance of these localized Hox activities in adult blood vessels is only beginning to emerge, an argument can be made for a role of Hox genes in the maintenance of vessel wall homeostasis and functional integrity on the one hand, and in regulating the development and progression of regionally restricted vascular pathologies, on the other. Initial functional studies in animal models, as well as data from clinical studies provide some level of support for this view. The data suggest that putative genetic regulatory networks of Hox-dependent cardiovascular disease processes include genes of diverse functional categories(extracellular matrix remodeling, transmembrane signaling, cell cycle control, inflammatory response, transcriptional control, etc.), as potential targets in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, as well as cell populations residing in the adventitia. | Richard P Visconti Alexander Awgulewitsch | 2015 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2015，6，3： | 2 |
| 18 | Challenges for land system science显示文摘 | Mark D.A. Rounsevell Bas Pedroli Karl-Heinz Erb Marc Gramberger Anne Gravsholt Busck Helmut Haberl S?ren Kristensen Tobias Kuemmerle Sandra Lavorel Marcus Lindner Hermann Lotze-Campen Marc J. Metzger David Murray-Rust Alexander Popp Marta Pérez-Soba Anett | 2012 | Land Use Policy2012，，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Procedural complexity independent of P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values is associated with acute in situ thrombosis in Pipeline flow diversion of cerebral aneurysms显示文摘background Acute in situ thrombosis is an ischaemic phenomenon during Pipeline embolisation device(PED)procedures with potentially high morbidity and mortality.There is controversy regarding the role of platelet function testing with P2Y12 assay as a predictor of intraprocedural thromboembolic events.There is limited knowledge on whether procedural complexity influences these events.Methods Data were collected retrospectively on 742 consecutive PED cases at a single institution.Patients with intraprocedural acute thrombosis were compared with patients without these events.results A cohort of 37 PED cases with acute in situ thrombosis(mean age 53.8 years,mean aneurysm size 8.4 mm)was matched with a cohort of 705 PED cases without intraprocedural thromboembolic events(mean age 56.4 years,mean aneurysm size 6.9 mm).All patients with in situ thrombosis received intra-arterial and/or intravenous abciximab.The two groups were evenly matched in patient demographics,previous treatment/subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)and aneurysm location.There was no statistical difference in postprocedural P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values between the two groups,with a mean of 156 in the in situ thrombosis group vs 148 in the control group(p=0.5894).Presence of cervical carotid tortuosity,high cavernous internal carotid artery grade,need for multiple PED and vasospasm were not significantly different between the two groups.The in situ thrombosis group had statistically significant longer fluoroscopy time(60.4 vs 38.4 min,p<0.0001),higher radiation exposure(3476 vs 2160 mGy,p<0.0001),higher rates of adjunctive coiling(24.3% vs 8.37%,p=0.0010)and higher utilisation of balloon angioplasty(37.8% vs 12.2%,p<0.0001).Clinically,the in situ thrombosis cohort had higher incidence of major and minor stroke,intracerebral haemorrhage and length of stay.Conclusions Predictors of procedural complexity(higher radiation exposure,longer fluoroscopy time,adjunctive coiling and need for balloon angioplasty)are associated with acute thrombotic events during PED placement,independent of PRU values. | Bowen Jiang Matthew T Bender Erick M Westbroek Jessica K Campos Li-Mei Lin Risheng Xu Rafael J Tamargo Judy Huang Geoffrey P Colby Alexander L Coon | 2018 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2018，3，3： | 2 |
| 20 | The effect of self-focusing on laser space-debris cleaning显示文摘A ground-based laser system for space-debris cleaning will use powerful laser pulses that can self-focus while propagating through the atmosphere.We demonstrate that for the relevant laser parameters,this self-focusing can noticeably decrease the laser intensity on the target.We show that the detrimental effect can be,to a great extent,compensated for by applying the optimal initial beam defocusing.The effect of laser elevation on the system performance is discussed. | Alexander M Rubenchik Michail P Fedoruk Sergei K Turitsyn | 2014 | Light(Science & Applications)2014，3，1： | 2 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员