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| 1 | CONSORT 2010说明与详述:报告平行对照随机临床试验指南的更新显示文摘大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效果产生评价偏倚有关。这种系统误差对RCT损害严重,而RCT正是以其能减少或避免偏倚而被视为评价干预措施的金标准。为了提高RCT的报告质量,一个由专家和编辑组成的工作组制定了临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明。CONSORT声明于1996年首次发表,并于2001年更新。声明由对照检查清单和流程图组成,供作者在报告RCT时使用。许多核心医学期刊和主要国际性编辑组织都已认可CONSORT声明。该声明促进了对RCT的严格评价和解释。2001年,在对CONSORT进行修订时,人们就已经清楚地认识到,解释和说明制定CONSORT声明的原理,有助于研究人员等撰写或评价临床试验报告。一篇CONSORT说明与详述文章于2001年同2001版CONSORT声明一起发表。2007年1月的专家会议之后,对CONSORT声明作了进一步修订并已发表,即'CONSORT2010声明'。这次更新对原版对照检查清单作了文字上的修改,使其更为明晰,并收入了与一些新近才认识到的主题相关的建议,如选择性报告结局产生的偏倚。说明与详述文件旨在加强人们对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,这次也作了大量修订,对每一项新增或更新的清单条目的含义和增改理由进行了解释,提供了优秀的报告实例,还尽可能地提供了相关的经验性研究的参考文献。文中收入了若干流程图实例。'CONSORT2010声明'、其说明与详述文件,以及相关网站(www.consort-statement.org),对于改进随机临床试验报告必将有所裨益。 | David Moher Sally Hopewell Kenneth F Schulz Victor Montori Peter C Gφtzsche P J Devereaux Diana Elbourne Matthias Egger Douglas G Altman 周庆辉 卞兆祥 刘建平 | 2010 | 中西医结合学报2010，8，8： | 318 |
| 2 | 海岸湿地在飓风防护中的价值显示文摘海岸湿地可以减少飓风对沿海群落的破坏作用。把1980年以来美国34次主要飓风在其袭击区所造成的单位国民生产总值损失的自然对数值作为因变量,风速和飓风袭击区湿地面积的自然对数值作为自变量,回归模型显示两者之间的差异极显著,说明了其相对损失的差别的60%。在上述模型中,每减少1 hm^2的湿地面积,来自特定风暴造成的风暴损害将平均增加33 000美元的损失(中值5000美元)。利用这个关系,把各年度不同强度飓风发生的概率考虑在内,我们以1km×1km为像素,以州为单元将湿地的年度价值绘制成图,湿地年度价值的变化范围为250~51 000美元/hm^2·a,平均价值为8240美元/hm^2·a(中值3230美元/hm^2·a),这显著高于以前估算的湿地价值。据估算,美国的海岸湿地目前能够提供的保护作用相当于232亿美元/a。在风暴防护中,海岸湿地是一种有价值的、能够自我维持的'水平堤防',并且能够提供垂直堤防所不能提供的许多其他的生态系统功能。对于人类社会来说,对沿海湿地的修复与维护是一种极其划算的战略性投资。 | Robert Costanza Octavio Pérez-Maqueo M. Luisa Martinez Paul Sutton Sharolyn J. Anderson Kenneth Mulder 唐晓宇(译) 王书磊(校) 张晓琴(校) | 2008 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2008，37，4： | 8 |
| 3 | Residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis with failed allograft and minimum immunosuppression显示文摘Immunosuppression(IS) is often withdrawn in patients with end stage renal disease secondary to a failed renal allograft, and this can lead to an accelerated loss of residual renal function(RRF). As maintenance of RRF appears to provide a survival benefit to peritoneal dialysis(PD) patients, it is not clear whether this benefit of maintaining RRF in failed allograft patients returning to PD outweigh the risks of maintaining IS. A 49 year-old Caucasian male developed progressive allograft failure nine years after living-donor renal transplantation. Hemodialysis was initiated via tunneled dialysis catheter(TDC) and IS was gradually withdrawn. Two weeksafter IS withdrawal he developed a febrile illness, which necessitate removal of the TDC and conversion to PD. He was maintained on small dose of tacrolimus(1 mg/d) and prednisone(5 mg/d). Currently(1 year later) he is doing exceedingly well on cycler-assisted PD. Residual urine output ranges between 600-1200 m L/d. Total weekly Kt/V achieved 1.82. RRF remained well preserved in this patient with failed renal allograft with minimal immunosuppressive therapy. This strategy will need further study in well-defined cohorts of PD patients with failed allografts and residual RRF to determine efficacy and safety. | Nadear Elmahi éva Csongrádi Kenneth Kokko Jack R Lewin Jamie Davison Tibor Fülp | 2013 | World Journal of Transplantation2013，3，2： | 5 |
| 4 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | The Lancet2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 5 | Florid reactive periostitis ossificans of the humerus: Case report and differential diagnosis of periosteal lesions of long bones显示文摘A case of florid reactive periostitis ossificans(RPO) arising in a long bone is presented. This is a rare bone proliferation with a pronounced periosteal reaction. Less than 100 cases have been described in the literature with far fewer outside the bones of the hand, feet, fingers, and toes. Although the etiology is unknown, a relationship to preceding trauma is suggested. The imaging and histologic features show an overlap with other bone lesions including bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, subungual exostosis, and malignant surface tumors of bone and cartilage which include, periosteal and parosteal osteosarcoma. It is important to recognize the clinical presentation and diagnostic features of RPO as a benign entity so that it is not mistaken for a more aggressive neoplasm. We present a case of a right distal humeral lesion that on histopathological review revealed florid RPO. This diagnosis was not suspected on imaging studies, but was made on open biopsy of the mass. The patient remains disease free, years postoperatively. In addition to presenting this unique case report, we review the pertinent literature, and offer a differential diagnosis and treatment strategy for its management. | Abha Soni Alec Weil Shi Wei Kenneth A Jaffe Gene P Siegal | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，7： | 4 |
| 6 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | The Lancet . 2001 (9286)2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 7 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | 2001 (9286)2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 8 | Recent progress in α_1-adrenergic receptor research显示文摘α_t -Adrenergic receptors (AR) play an important role in the regulation of physiological responses mediated by norepinephrine and epinephrine, particularly in the cardiovascular system. The three cloned oc,-AR subtypes (α_(1A) α_(1B) and α_(1D)) are G protein-coupled receptors that signal through the G_(q/11) signaling pathway, each showing distinct pharmacological properties and tissue distributions. However, due to the lack of highly subtype-selective drugs, the functional roles of individual subtypes are still not clear. Development of new subtype-specific drugs will greatly facilitate the identification of the functions of each subtype. Conopeptide TIA has been found to be a new α_(1B)-AR selective antagonist with different modes of inhibition at α_1-AR subtypes. In addition, recent studies using genetically engineered mice have shed some light on α_1AR functions in vivo, especially in the cardiovascular system and brain. Several proteins have been shown to interact directly with particular α_1-AR, and may be important in regulating receptor function. Receptor heterodimerization has been shown to be important for cell surface expression, signaling and internalization. These new observations are likely to help elucidate the functional roles of individual a,-AR subtypes. | Kenneth P MINNEMAN | 2005 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2005，26，11： | 2 |
| 9 | Lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass显示文摘 | George Asimakopoulos Peter L.C Smith Chandana P Ratnatunga Kenneth M Taylor | 1999 | The Annals of Thoracic Surgery1999，，3： | 2 |
| 10 | Computation of flow through the oesophagogastric junction显示文摘Whilst methods exist to indirectly measure the effects of increased flow or gastro-oesophageal refluxing, they cannot quantitatively measure the amount of acid travelling back up into the oesophagus during reflux, nor can they indicate the flow rate through the oesophagogastric junction (OGJ). Since OGJ dysfunction affects flow it seems most appropriate to describe the geometry of the OGJ and its effect on the flow. A device known as the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) has been shown to reliably measure the geometry of and pressure changes in the OGJ. FLIP cannot directly measure flow but the data gathered from the probe can be used to model flow through the junction by using computational flow dynamics (CFD). CFD uses a set of equations known as the Navier-Stokes equations to predict flow patterns and is a technique widely used in engineering. These equations are complex and require appropriate assumptions to provide simplifications before useful data can be obtained. With the assumption that the cross-sectional areas obtained via FLIP are circular, the radii of these circles can be obtained. A cubic interpolation scheme can then be applied to give a high-resolution geometry for the OGJ. In the case of modelling a reflux scenario, it can be seen that at the narrowest section a jet of fluid squirts into the oesophagus at a higher velocity than the fluid surrounding it. This jet has a maximum velocity of almost 2 ms-1 that occurs where the OGJ is at its narrowest. This simple prediction of acid ‘squirting’ into the oesophagusillustrates how the use of numerical methods can be used to develop a better understanding of the OGJ. This initial work using CFD shows some considerable promise for the future. | Barry P McMahon Karl D Odie Kenneth W Moloney Hans Gregersen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 2 |
| 11 | Dual-domain point diffraction interferometer 显示文摘 | Patrick P Naulleau Kenneth A Goldberg | 1999 | Appl Opt1999，38，16： | 1 |
| 12 | Regulation of hypoxia- inducible factor-1 alpha by NF-kappaB 显示文摘 | van Uden P Kenneth NS Rocha S | 2008 | Biochem J2008，412，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Meteor: a constraint-based FIR filter design program显示文摘 | KENNETH S THOMAS W P JAMES F K | 1992 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing1992，40，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Mutual Fund Persistence and Market Capitalization显示文摘 | Madden Gerald P Kenneth P.Nunn Jr Alan Wiemann | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Applications of ultrasound to materials chemistry 显示文摘 | Kenneth S S Gareth J P | 1999 | Annu Rev Mater Sci1999，29，： | 1 |
| 16 | The prognostic value of histology in the assessment of patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome显示文摘 | Thjon J Tang Kenneth P Batts Piet C de Groen Bart van Hoek Elizabeth B Haagsma Wim C.J Hop Harry L.A Janssen | 2001 | Journal of Hepatology2001，，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Preclinical and clinical evaluations of ABX-EGF, a fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody显示文摘 | Kenneth A Foon Xiao-Dong Yang Louis M Weiner Arie S Belldegrun Robert A Figlin Jeffrey Crawford Eric K Rowinsky Janice P Dutcher Nicholas J Vogelzang Jared Gollub John A Thompson Garry Schwartz Ronald M Bukowski Lorin K Roskos Gisela M Schwab | 2004 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics2004，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Diagenetic mineralogy and controls on albitezation and laumontite formation in Paleogene Arkoses, Santa Ynez Mountains, California 显示文摘 | Kenneth P H Peter C K | 1984 | AAPG Memoir1984，37，： | 1 |
| 19 | Development and Validation of a Forced Choice Emotional Intelli- gence Measure for Chinese Respondents in Hong Kong 显示文摘 | Wong C S Kenneth S L Wong P M | 2004 | Asia Pacific Journal of Management2004，21，4： | 1 |
| 20 | A survey of research in the application of tolerance analysis to the design of mechanical assemblies显示文摘 | KENNETH W C ALAN R P | 1991 | Research in Engineering Design1991，3，11： | 1 |
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