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| 1 | Axitinib versus sorafenib as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised open-label phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Thomas E Hutson Vladimir Lesovoy Salman Al-Shukri Viktor P Stus Oleg N Lipatov Angel H Bair Brad Rosbrook Connie Chen Sinil Kim Nicholas J Vogelzang | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，13： | 2 |
| 2 | Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: not so simple显示文摘 | Nicholas N Tadros Mark Garzotto | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study显示文摘 | Julia Granerod Helen E Ambrose Nicholas WS Davies Jonathan P Clewley Amanda L Walsh Dilys Morgan Richard Cunningham Mark Zuckerman Ken J Mutton Tom Solomon Katherine N Ward Michael PT Lunn Sarosh R Irani Angela Vincent David WG Brown Natasha S Crowcroft | 2010 | The Lancet Infectious Diseases2010，，12： | 2 |
| 4 | Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor is not increased during relapses of steroid-sensitive nephrotiv syndrome显示文摘 | Nicholas JA Webb N J Waston CJ | 1999 | Kidney Int1999，55，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Abundance and natural control of the woolly aphid Eriosoma lanigerum in an Australian apple orchard IPM program显示文摘 | Nicholas A H Spooner-- Hart R N Vickers R A | 2005 | BioControl2005，50，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Diameter-selective encapsulation of metallocenes in single walled carbon nanotubes 显示文摘 | Li L J Khlobystov A N Wiltshire J G Briggs G A D Nicholas R J | 2005 | Nature Materials2005，4，： | 1 |
| 7 | Diameter-selective encapsulation of metallocenes in single walled carbon nanotubes 显示文摘 | Li L J Khlobystov A N Wiltshire J G Briggs G A D Nicholas R J | 2005 | Nature Materials2005，4，： | 1 |
| 8 | Cholinergie neu- ronal and axonal abnormalities are present early in aging and in Alzheime' s disease 显示文摘 | Geula C Nagykery N Nicholas A | 2008 | J Neuropathol Exp Neu- rol2008，67，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Adaptive algorithms to track the Parafac decomposition of a third-order ten- sor显示文摘 | Dimitri N Nicholas D S | 2009 | IEEE Transactions2009，57，6： | 1 |
| 10 | World health dilemmas: Orphan and rare diseases, orphan drugs and orphan patients显示文摘According to global annual estimates hunger/malnutrition is the major cause of death(36 of 62 million). Cardiovascular diseases and cancer(5.44 of 13.43 million) are the major causes of death in developed countries, while lower respiratory tract infections, human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diarrhoeal disease, malaria and tuberculosis(10.88 of 27.12 million) are the major causes of death in developing countries with more than 70% of deaths occurring in children. The majority of approximately 800 million people with other rare diseases, including 100000 children born with thalassaemia annually receive no treatment. There are major ethical dilemmas in dealing with global health issues such as poverty and the treatment of orphan and rare diseases. Of approximately 50000 drugs about 10% are orphan drugs, with annual sales of the latter approaching 100 billion USD. In comparison, the annual revenue in 2009 from the top 12 pharmaceutical companies in Western countrieswas 445 billion USD and the top drug, atorvastatin, reached 100 billion USD. In the same year, the total government expenditure for health in the developing countries was 410 billion USD with only 6%-7% having been received as aid from developed countries. Drugs cost the National Health Service in the United Kingdom more than 20 billion USD or 10% of the annual health budget. Uncontrollable drug prices and marketing policies affect global health budgets, clinical practice, patient safety and survival. Fines of 5.3 billion USD were imposed on two pharmaceutical companies in the United States, the regulatory authority in France was replaced and clinicians were charged with bribery in order to overcome recent illegal practises affecting patient care. High expenditure for drug development is mainly related to marketing costs. However, only 2 million USD was spent developing the drug deferiprone(L1) for thalassaemia up to the stage of multicentre clinical trials. The criteria for drug development, price levels and use needs to be readdressed to improve drug safety and minimise costs. New global health policies based on cheaper drugs can help the treatment of many categories of orphan and rare diseases and millions of orphan patients in developing and developed countries. | Christina N Kontoghiorghe Nicholas Andreou Katerina Constantinou George J Kontoghiorghes | 2014 | World Journal of Methodology2014，4，3： | 1 |
| 11 | MRI of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy显示文摘 | Nicholas A T Benjamin M Y Bonnie N J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Additive effects during plating in acid tin methanesulfonate electrolytes 显示文摘 | Nicholas M Martyak M N Seefeldt R | 2004 | Electrochimica Acta2004，49，25： | 1 |
| 13 | Noninvasive determination of intraocular pressure (IOP) in nonsedated mice of 5 different inhred strains 显示文摘 | Nicholas N David G Kaspar R | 2007 | J Glaucoma2007，16，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Optical coherence tomography-guided retinal prosthe- sis design: model of degenerated retinal curvature and thickness for patient-specific devices显示文摘 | Nicholas L Opie Lauren N Ayton Nicholas V Apollo | 2014 | Health science2014，38，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Thalidomide ameliorates portal hypertension via nitric oxide synthase independent reduced systolic blood pressure显示文摘AIM: Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and significantly increases mortality and morbidity.Previous reports have suggested that the compound thalidomide attenuates portal hypertension(PHT).However, the mechanism for this action is not fully elucidated.One hypothesis is that thalidomide destabilizes tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) mR NA and therefore diminishes TNFα induction of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and the production of nitric oxide(NO).To examine this hypothesis, we utilized the murine partial portal vein ligation(PVL) PHT model in combination with endothelial or inducible NOS isoform gene knockout mice.METHODS: Wild type, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)-/- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS)-/-mice received either PVL or sham surgery and were given either thalidomide or vehicle.Serum nitrate(total nitrate, NOx) was measured daily for 7 d as a surrogate of NO synthesis.Serum TNFα level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.TNFα m RNA was quantified in liver and aorta tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.PHT was determined by recording splenic pulp pressure(SPP) and abdominal aortic flow after 0-7 d.Response to thalidomide was determined by measurement of SPP and mean arterial pressure(MAP).RESULTS: SPP, abdominal aortic flow(Qao) and plasma NOx were increased in wild type and i NOS-/-PVL mice when compared to sham operated control mice.In contrast, SPP, Qao and plasma NOx were not increased in e NOS-/- PVL mice when compared to sham controls.Serum TNFα level in both sham and PVL mice was below the detection limit of the commercial ELISA used.Therefore, the effect of thalidomide on serum TNFα levels was undetermined in wild type, e NOS-/-or i NOS-/- mice.Thalidomide acutely increased plasma NOx in wild type and e NOS-/- mice but not i NOS-/-mice.Moreover, thalidomide temporarily(0-90 min) decreased mean arterial pressure, SPP and Qao in wild type, e NOS-/- and i NOS-/- PVL mice, after which time levels returned to the respective baseline.CONCLUSION: Thalidomide does not reduce portalpressure in the murine PVL model by modulation of NO biosynthesis.Rather, thalidomide reduces PHT by decreasing MAP by an undetermined mechanism. | Nicholas G Theodorakis Yining N Wang Vyacheslav A Korshunov Mary A Maluccio Nicholas J Skill | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，14： | 1 |
| 16 | The long-term effectiveness of endometrial laser ablation:a survival analysis显示文摘 | Shankar M Nicholas JN Taub N | 2003 | Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol2003，108，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Basic fibroblast growth factor mediates angiogenic activity in early surgical wounds 显示文摘 | Nicholas N Nissen MD Peter J | 1996 | Surgery1996，119，4： | 1 |
| 18 | The safety of incidental appendectomy at the time of abdominal hysterectomy显示文摘 | Emery M Salom Dana Schey Manuel Pe?alver Orlando Gómez-Mar??n Nicholas Lambrou Zoyla Almeida Luis Mendez | 2003 | American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology2003，，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Real- world PM, NOx, CO, and ultrafine particle emission factors for military non-road heavy duty diesel vehicles显示文摘 | ZHU Dongzi NICHOLA J N HAMPDEN D K | 2011 | Atmospheric Environment2011，45，15： | 1 |
| 20 | Low lentil and chickpea protein-stabilized emulsions:optimization of emulsion formulation 显示文摘 | ASLI C K MICHAEL T N NICHOLAS H | 2011 | Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry2011，59，13： | 1 |
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