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| 1 | An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options显示文摘Since the documented observations of Kanner in1943, there has been great debate about the diagnoses, the sub-types, and the diagnostic threshold that relates to what is now known as autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Re?ecting this complicated history, there has been continual re?nement from DSM-III with ‘Infantile Autism' to the current DSM-V diagnosis. The disorder is now widely accepted as a complex, pervasive, heterogeneous condition with multiple etiologies, sub-types, and developmental trajectories. Diagnosis remains based on observation of atypical behaviors, with criteria of persistent de?cits in social communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. This review provides a broad overview of the history, prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, and heterogeneity of ASD. Factors contributing to heterogeneity, including genetic variability, comorbidity, and gender are reviewed. We then explore current evidencebased pharmacological and behavioral treatments for ASD and highlight the complexities of conducting clinical trials that evaluate therapeutic ef?cacy in ASD populations.Finally, we discuss the potential of a new wave of research examining objective biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of sub-typing, diagnosis, and treatment response in ASD. | Anne Masi Marilena M.De Mayo Nicholas Glozier Adam J.Guastella | 2017 | Neuroscience Bulletin2017，33，2： | 33 |
| 2 | The Immune System,Cytokines,and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder显示文摘Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by variable impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.Heterogeneity of presentation is a hallmark. Investigations of immune system problems in ASD, including aberrations in cytokine pro?les and signaling, have been increasing in recent times and are the subject of ongoing interest. With the aim of establishing whether cytokines have utility as potential biomarkers that may de?ne a subgroup of ASD,or function as an objective measure of response to treatment, this review summarizes the role of the immune system, discusses the relationship between the immune system, the brain, and behavior, and presents previouslyidenti?ed immune system abnormalities in ASD, speci?-cally addressing the role of cytokines in these aberrations.The roles and identi?cation of biomarkers are also addressed, particularly with respect to cytokine pro?les in ASD. | Anne Masi Nicholas Glozier Russell Dale Adam J.Guastella | 2017 | Neuroscience Bulletin2017，33，2： | 13 |
| 3 | Non-transgenic Plant Genome Editing Using Purified Sequence-Specific Nucleases显示文摘Dear Editor, Sequence-specific nucleases,including zinc-finger nucleases,meganucleases,TAL effector nucleases (TALENs),and CRISPR/ Cas systems,have been used to introduce targeted mutations in a wide range of plant species (Voytas,2013;Baltes and Voytas,2015).However,delivery of these nucleases using traditional transformation methods (e.g.,particle bombardment,Agrobacterium or protoplast transformation) may result in undesired genetic alterations due to random insertion of nucleaseencoding DNA intothe host genome. | Song Luo Jin Li Thomas J. Stoddard Nicholas J. Baltes Zachary L. Demorest Benjamin M. Clasen Andrew Coffman Adam Retterath Luc Mathis Daniel F. Voytas Feng Zhang | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，9： | 7 |
| 4 | 《Science》杂志发表关于计算社会科学的文章:Computational Social Science显示文摘计算科学是一门正在兴起的综合性学科,它依赖于先进的计算机及计算技术对理论科学、大型实验、观测数据、应用科学、国防以及社会科学进行模型化、模拟与仿真、计算等。特别是对极复杂系统进行模型与程序化,然后利用计算机给出严格理论及实验无法达到的过程数据或者直接模拟出整个复杂过程的演变或者预测过程的发展趋势。对基础科学、应用科学、国防科学、社会科学以及工程技术等的发展有着不可估量的科学作用与经济效益。其中,随着信息化和网络化的不断普及与深入,社会动态变化的速度和规模已经提高到一个前所未有的水平,计算科学在社会科学中的深入应用,即计算社会科学也将成为科研信息化发展中一个新的热点。本刊对《Science》2009年2月发表的一篇关于计算社会科学的文章《Computational Social Science》进行了摘编,该文由美国多个大学及研究机构的共15名研究人员共同编写,文章从计算社会科学的数据获取、研究方法及其制约因素,以及人才的培养等几个方面,描述了计算社会科学的发展、讨论了社会科学研究的特点等。其主要目的是想借此文向广大读者介绍计算社会科学这一学科理念,推动这一对于提高社会科学研究水平和规范性的研究方法在国内的发展,并以此进一步繁荣我国社会科学研究工作。 | 张鉴 孔丽华 David Lazer Alex Pentland Lada Adamic Sinan Aral Albert-László Barabási Devon Brewer Nicholas Christakis Noshir Contractor James Fowler Myron Gutmann Tony Jebara Gary King Michael Macy Deb Roy Marshall Van Alstyne | 2010 | 科研信息化技术与应用2010，0，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Investigations for the assessment of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with supraventricular tachycardia显示文摘Dear editor,Patients with supraventricular tachycardia(SVT)commonly present to the emergency department(ED).Current guidelines[1,2]do not recommend routine pathology testing and a report on the topic has questioned their role.A systematic review concluded that troponin testing is commonly performed with a high proportion of positive fi ndings,but these results were not associated with major adverse cardiac events.[3]The conclusions of this review were limited by paucity of data and heterogeneity among studies. | Harith Fernando Nicholas Adams Biswadev Mitra | 2020 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2020，11，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Barrett’s metaplasia glands are clonal, contain multiple stem cells and share a common squamous progenitor显示文摘 | Anna M Nicholson Trevor A Graham Ashley Simpson Adam Humphries Nicola Burch Manuel Rodriguez-Justo Marco Novelli Rebecca Harrison Nicholas A Wright Stuart A C McDonald Janusz A Jankowski | 2012 | Gut2012，，10： | 3 |
| 7 | Circulating MicroRNA Is a Biomarker of Pediatric Crohn Disease显示文摘 | Adam M Zahm Meena Thayu Nicholas J Hand Amber Horner Mary B Leonard Joshua R Friedman | 2011 | Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2011，，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Nonlinear stress–strain behaviour of corrosion-damaged reinforcing bars including inelastic buckling显示文摘 | Mohammad M. Kashani Adam J. Crewe Nicholas A. Alexander | 2013 | Engineering Structures2013，，： | 2 |
| 9 | Nonlinear cyclic response of corrosion-damaged reinforcing bars with the effect of buckling显示文摘 | Mohammad M. Kashani Adam J. Crewe Nicholas A. Alexander | 2012 | Construction and Building Materials2012，，： | 2 |
| 10 | Rectal microRNAs are perturbed in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease of the colon显示文摘 | Adam M. Zahm Nicholas J. Hand Daphne M. Tsoucas Claire L. Le Guen Robert N. Baldassano Joshua R. Friedman | 2014 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2014，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Immune Activation in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome显示文摘 | Tobias Liebregts Birgit Adam Christoph Bredack Alexander R?th Susanne Heinzel Sue Lester Sarah Downie–Doyle Eric Smith Paul Drew Nicholas J. Talley Gerald Holtmann | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Nitinol Stents for Palliative Treatment of Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: Should We Stent the Sphincter of Oddi in Every Case?显示文摘 | Adam A. Hatzidakis Dimitris Tsetis Evangelia Chrysou Elias Sanidas John Petrakis Nicholas C. Gourtsoyiannis | 2001 | Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology2001，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Maturation of the Tract After Percutaneous Cholecystostomy with Regard to the Access Route显示文摘 | Adam A. Hatjidakis Spyros Karampekios Panos Prassopoulos Evaghelos Xynos Maria Raissaki Sophocles I. Vasilakis Nicholas C. Gourtsoyiannis | 1998 | Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology1998，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Analysis of Glucose Responses to Automated Insulin Suspension With Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy显示文摘 | Trang T. Ly Jennifer A. Nicholas Adam Retterath Elizabeth A. Davis Timothy W. Jones | 2012 | Diabetes Care2012，，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Radiation Dose and Risk from Fluoroscopically Guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Procedures显示文摘 | John Stratakis John Damilakis Adam Hatzidakis Kostas Perisinakis Nicholas Gourtsoyiannis | 2006 | Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology2006，，： | 1 |
| 16 | ePTFE/FEP-Covered Metallic Stents for Palliation of MalignantBiliary Disease: Can Tumor Ingrowth Be Prevented?显示文摘 | Adam Hatzidakis Miltiadis Krokidis Kostantinos Kalbakis Jiannis Romanos Ioannis Petrakis Nicholas Gourtsoyiannis | 2007 | CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology2007，，： | 1 |
| 17 | A Fast XPS study of the surface chemistry of ethanol over Pt{1 1 1} 显示文摘 | Adam F L David E G Nicholas J H | 2004 | Surf Sci2004，548，： | 1 |
| 18 | Xenon Mitigates Isoflurane-induced Neuronal Apoptosis in the Developing Rodent Brain显示文摘 | Daqing Ma Peter Williamson Adam Januszewski Marie-Caroline Nogaro Mahmuda Hossain Lay Ping Ong Yi Shu Nicholas P. Franks Mervyn Maze | 2007 | Anesthesiology2007，，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry for Detection of Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus显示文摘 | Adam Wax Neil G. Terry Evan S. Dellon Nicholas J. Shaheen | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Association of surgeon subjective characterization of nerve sparing quality with potency following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy 显示文摘 | Adam W Christian P Nicholas T | 2008 | The Journal of Urology2008，179，4： | 1 |
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