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| 1 | 中年体重指数与老年住院、死亡的关系显示文摘背景:大量证据显示,超重和肥胖有损健康。它们与高血压、高血脂等已知冠心病危险因素密切相关。但是,除此之外。它们是否对心血管疾病还有其他影响?人们对此争论不休。
目的:在人群中(无论其在基线时是否存在其他主要危险因素)评价中年时期体重指数与老年后发病率、死亡率之间的关系。
设计:“芝加哥心脏学会工业检查项目研究”(Chicago Heart Association Detection Projectin Industry)是一项前瞻性研究,研究将基线时(1967—1973年)心血管患病风险分为低危(血压≤120/≤80mm Hg,血清总胆固醇水平〈200mg/dL[5.2mmol/L],不吸烟)、中危(不吸烟,收缩压121—139mm Hg。舒张压81—89mm Hg,和/或血清总胆固醇水平200—239mg/dL[5.2—6.2mmol/L])以及存在下列危险因素中的1项、2项或全部3项:血压≥140/90mm Hg,血清总胆固醇水平≥240mg/dL(6.2 mmol/L),吸烟。体重指数分为正常(18.5—24.9)、超重(25.0—29.9)和肥胖(≥30)。平均随访时间为32年。
地点及参试者:共有17643人参加研究,其中既有男性也有女性,年龄为31—64岁。他们均来自芝加哥地区的公司或机构。基线时无冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)和糖尿病,心电图也未见重大异常。
主要观测指标:65岁以后因CHD、心血管疾病或糖尿病住院、死亡的情况。
结果:在多变量分析中,对收缩压和血清总胆固醇水平进行校正。研究发现,在低危组和中危组中,与体重正常者相比,超重者死于CHD的比值比(95%可信区间)分别为1.43(0.33—6.25)和2.07(1.29—3.31),而因CHD住院的比值比(95%可信区间)分别为4.25(1.57—11.5)和2.04(1.29—3.24)。其他风险组结果类似,心血管疾病的情况也大致如此,但糖尿病的情形则更为严重(低危组:死于糖尿病的比值比[95%可信区间]为11.0[2.21—54.5],因糖尿病住院的比值比[95%可信区间]为7.84[3.95—15.6])。
结论:对没有心血管危险因素的人群和有1个或1个以上危险因素的人群而言,中年时肥胖者老年后因CHD、心血管疾病或糖尿病住院、死亡的风险高于中年时体重正常者。 | Lijing L. Yan Martha L Daviglus Kiang Liu 顾佳(译) | 2006 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2006,25,4: | 11 |
| 2 | Carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma:an alternate hypothetical mechanism显示文摘Current proposed mechanisms implicate both early and latent Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection in the carcinogenic cascade,whereas epidemiological studies have always associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)with early childhood EBV infection and with chronic ear,nose,and sinus conditions.Moreover,most patients with NPC present with IgA antibody titers to EBV capsid antigen(VCA-lgA),which can precede actual tumor presentation by several years.If early childhood EBV infection indeed constitutes a key event in NPC carcinogenesis,one would have to explain the inability to detect the virus in normal nasopharyngeal epithelium of patients at a high risk for EBV infection.It is perhaps possible that EBV resides within the salivary glands,instead of the epithelium,during latency.This claim is indirectly supported by observations that the East Asian phenotype shares the characteristics of an increased susceptibility to NPC and immature salivary gland morphogenesis,the latter of which is influenced by the association of salivary gland morphogenesis with an evolutionary variant of the human ectodysplasin receptor gene(EDAR),EDARV370A.Whether the immature salivary gland represents a more favorable nidus for EBV is uncertain,but in patients with infectious mononucleosis,EBV has been isolated in this anatomical organ.The presence of EBV-induced lymphoepitheliomas in the salivary glands and lungs further addresses the possibility of submucosal spread of the virus.Adding to the fact that the fossa of Rosen Muller contains a transformative zone active only in the first decade of life,one might be tempted to speculate the possibility of an alternative carcinogenic cascade for NPC that is perhaps not dissimilar to the model of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. | Sharon Shuxian Poh Melvin Lee Kiang Chua Joseph T.S.Wee | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2016,35,1: | 8 |
| 3 | 麻风无痛性神经炎——康复试点报告显示文摘对八个康复试点的3571例病人定期进行神经功能检查,发现无痛性神经炎151例(4.2%),共累及330条神经,包括面神经15条,尺神经98条,正中神经36条,胫后神经148条及腓总神经33条。经强的松标准方案治疗,神经功能好转235条(71.2%),其中恢复优、良者196条(59.4%),表明强的松治疗麻风无痛性神经炎既简单又行之有效,可作为常规,以减少神经不可逆性损害。讨论了无痛性神经炎与MDT的关系及其感觉与运动功能的恢复。 | 蒋娟 张国成 韦晓宇 严良斌 李文忠 郑逖生 Jakeman P Watson J Smith C Goh Siam Kiang | 1996 | 中国麻风杂志1996,12,3: | 5 |
| 4 | 钢纤维水泥砂浆加固砌体墙的平面外受力性能显示文摘用钢纤维混凝土加固修复工程结构是一种提高其极限承载力和延性的有效方法。该文研究了钢纤维水泥砂浆加固砌体墙的平面外受力性能,试验了4个1000mm×1000mm×115mm的砌体墙,采用30mm厚、纤维体积含量分别为1.0%、1.5%、2.0%和2.5%的钢纤维水泥砂浆加固。试验结果表明:用体积含量为1.5%的钢纤维水泥砂浆加固效果最好;同时该文数值模拟了钢纤维水泥沙浆加固砌体墙的平面外极限承载力,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。 | 陈升平 TAN Kiang Hwee | 2010 | 工程力学2010,27,4: | 4 |
| 5 | 反分析法确定钢纤维水泥砂浆拉应力与裂缝张开位移关系显示文摘在数值模拟钢纤维混凝土结构或构件和用基于断裂力学理论的设计方法设计钢纤维混凝土结构或构件时,钢纤维混凝土材料σ-w关系是一个重要的材料参数。该文根据三点弯曲缺口梁的荷载与裂缝张开位移(CMOD)曲线用反分析法确定了钢纤维水泥砂浆的σ-w关系。试验制作了五种不同体积含量的钢纤维水泥砂浆单轴拉伸试件、圆柱体压缩试件和梁试件,钢纤维体积含量分别为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%和2.5%。试验发现,当钢纤维体积含量较小时,三点弯曲缺口梁的荷载与裂缝张开位移曲线呈现CMOD软化特性;而当钢纤维体积含量较大时,三点弯曲缺口梁的荷载与裂缝张开位移曲线呈现CMOD强化特性。对有CMOD软化特性的钢纤维水泥砂浆,可用三折线软化模型来模拟钢纤维水泥砂浆的σ-w关系;对有CMOD强化特性的钢纤维水泥砂浆,可用应力跌落-常残余强度模型来拟合。 | 陈升平 Kiang Hwee Tan | 2008 | 工程力学2008,25,4: | 4 |
| 6 | 持荷10年的钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁正常使用极限状态可靠度分析显示文摘为分析持续荷载作用下钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁正常使用极限状态下可靠性的时变规律,基于持荷10 a的钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁抗弯试验结果,考虑随服役时间延长混凝土材料劣化、钢筋截面积削弱、钢筋和混凝土之间黏结系数降低和计算模式不定性系数等多因素影响机制,建立了基于裂缝宽度控制和挠度控制的时变可靠度分析模型。分别就持荷水平不变、钢纤维掺量改变和持荷水平改变、钢纤维掺量不变两组试件共10根梁,将等效抗力法和一次二阶矩法相结合,求得持荷10 a的钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁正常使用极限状态的时变可靠度指标。结果表明:钢纤维的掺入可有效抑制混凝土梁的裂缝宽度开展和挠度变形,未掺钢纤维梁的可靠指标明显低于掺入钢纤维梁的可靠指标。且钢纤维掺量越高,可靠度指标越大,裂缝宽度越小,挠度变形越小;持荷水平越小,梁的裂宽和挠度变形越小,基于裂缝宽度和基于挠度控制的可靠度指标均越大,且当持荷水平越接近,可靠度指标越接近,与试验结果吻合良好,可为钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁理论分析和设计提供参考。 | 李艺 董金霞 Tan Kiang Hwee | 2015 | 建筑结构学报2015,36,S2: | 3 |
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| 8 | JUPITER-02 trial: advancing survival for recurrent metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and next steps显示文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a disease with unique epidemiology.It is endemic in Southern China,Southeast Asia,and North Africa,and typically affects males more than females in the 30-60 years age group[1].Globally,133,354 NPC cases were diagnosed in 2020 with 80,008;deaths in the same year[2].While the survival rates of early-stage NPC after radiotherapy(RT)are high,dis-ease recurrences are common in locoregionally-advanced NPC,with the predominant pattern of failure being dis-tant metastasis[3].In this clinical scenario,palliative chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality。 | Laura Ling Ying Tan Quynh-Thu Le Nancy Ying Ying Lee Melvin Lee Kiang Chua | 2022 | Cancer Communications2022,42,1: | 2 |
| 9 | Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes increase ATP levels, decrease oxidative stress and activate PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance myocardial viability and prevent adverse remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘 | Fatih Arslan Ruenn Chai Lai Mirjam B. Smeets Lars Akeroyd Andre Choo Eissa N.E. Aguor Leo Timmers Harold V. van Rijen Pieter A. Doevendans Gerard Pasterkamp Sai Kiang Lim Dominique P. de Kleijn | 2013 | Stem Cell Research2013,,3: | 2 |
| 10 | Randomized Clinical Trial of Cutting Balloon Angioplasty versus High-Pressure Balloon Angioplasty in Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Stenoses Resistant to Conventional Balloon Angioplasty显示文摘 | Syed Arafat Aftab Kiang Hiong Tay Farah G. Irani Richard Hoau Gong Lo Apoorva Gogna Benjamin Haaland Seck Guan Tan Siew Png Chng Shanker Pasupathy Hui Lin Choong Bien Soo Tan | 2013 | Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology2013,,: | 2 |
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