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| 1 | Tight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterised by inflammation that compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier. The intestinal epithelium is not only a static barrier but has evolved complex mechanisms to control and regulate bacterial interactions with the mucosal surface. Apical tight junction proteins are critical in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and control of paracellular permeability. The characterisation of alterations in tight junction proteins as key players in epithelial barrier function in inflammatory bowel diseases is rapidly enhancing our understanding of critical mechanisms in disease pathogenesis as well as novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we give an overview of recent literature focusing on the role of tight junction proteins, in particular claudins, in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer. | Jonathan Landy Emma Ronde Nick English Sue K Clark Ailsa L Hart Stella C Knight Paul J Ciclitira Hafid Omar Al-Hassi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，11： | 39 |
| 2 | Computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses before functional endoscopic sinus surgery显示文摘This review aims to familiarize the radiologist with the common types of sinus surgery including their indications and techniques.We also illustrate how surgeons interpret 3D sinus anatomy when evaluating computed tomography(CT)studies.Preoperative evaluation by CT is mandatory for all patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS).In the past decade in particular,CT of the paranasal sinuses has become a roadmap for FESS.The radiologist's goal is to report on five key points:the extent of sinus opacification,opacification of sinus drainage pathways,anatomical variants,critical variants,and condition of surrounding soft tissues of the neck,brain and orbits.We present a systematic approach to the use of coronal,axial,and sagittal images in CT evaluation before FESS. | Emma C Cashman Peter J MacMahon David Smyth | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，8： | 10 |
| 3 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 4 | Current trends of liver cirrhosis in Mexico: Similitudes and differences with other world regions显示文摘AIM To investigate the main current etiologies of cirrhosis in Mexico.METHODS We performed a cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study that included eight hospitals in different areas of Mexico. These hospitals provide health care to people of diverse social classes. The inclusion criteria were a histological, clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, or imaging diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Data were obtained during a 5-year period(January 2012-December 2017). RESULTS A total of 1210 patients were included. The mean age was 62.5 years(SD = 12.1), and the percentages of men and women were similar(52.0% vs 48.0%). The most frequent causes of liver cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus(HCV)(36.2%), alcoholic liver disease(ALD)(31.2%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(23.2%), and the least frequent were hepatitis B virus(1.1%), autoimmune disorders(7.3%), and other conditions(1.0%).CONCLUSION HCV and ALD are the most frequent causes of cirrhosis in Mexico. However, we note that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) as an etiology of cirrhosis increased by 100% compared with the rate noted previously. We conclude that NAFLD will soon become one of the most frequent etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexico. | Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Felipe Zamarripa-Dorsey Arturo Panduro Emma Purón-González Edgar Ulises Coronado-Alejandro Carlos Alejandro Cortez-Hernández Fátima Higuera de la Tijera José Luis Pérez-Hernández Eira Cerda-Reyes Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández Vania César Cruz-Ramón Oscar Lenin Ramírez-Pérez Nancy Edith Aguilar-Olivos Olga Fabiola Rodríguez-Martínez Samantha Cabrera-Palma Guillermo Cabrera-álvarez | 2018 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2018，6，15： | 2 |
| 5 | Advanced glycation end-products induce vascular dysfunction via resistance to nitric oxide and suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase显示文摘 | Aino Soro-Paavonen Wei-Zeng Zhang Kylie Venardos Melinda T Coughlan Emma Harris David CK Tong Daniella Brasacchio Karri Paavonen Jaye Chin-Dusting Mark E Cooper David Kaye Merlin C Thomas Josephine M Forbes | 2010 | Journal of Hypertension2010，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Sensitivity analysis of TWT's small signal gain based on the effect of rod shape and dimensions显示文摘 | Emma F Paoloni C | 2000 | IEEE Trans on Electron Devices2000，47，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Accurate analysis of helix slow-wave structures显示文摘 | Emma F Paoloni C | 1998 | IEEE Trans on Electron Devices1998，45，7： | 1 |
| 8 | The use of willingness-to-pay approaches in mammal conservation显示文摘 | Alison C Emma J V H | 2001 | Mammal Bev2001，31，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Pancreatitis-associated protein suppresses NF-κB activation through a JAK/STAT-mediated mechanism in epithelial cells显示文摘 | Emma FP Susana G Jean C | 2006 | The Journal of Immunology2006，176，： | 1 |
| 10 | A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VA mycorrhizas显示文摘 | Koske RE C emma JN | 1989 | Mycology Research1989，92，： | 1 |
| 11 | Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS显示文摘 | Emma C Juan C E Francisco A T B | 2002 | Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry2002，50，： | 1 |
| 12 | Spatial analysis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis near Lyme, connectiuct显示文摘 | Emma K C James I M Robert H | 2002 | Emerg Infect Dis2002，8，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Proges- tin regulates chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 transcript level in human endometrium显示文摘 | NORFILZA M CHING-WEN C EMMA C | 2010 | Mol Hum Reprod2010，16，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Characteristilcs of rural dust events shown to impact on asthma severity in Brisbane,Australia显示文摘 | EMMA C GRANT M T | 1999 | Int J Biometeorol1999，42，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Spatial scales of desert locust gregarization显示文摘 | Matthew C Emma D Stephen J S | 1998 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of USA1998，95，13： | 1 |
| 16 | Accurate analysis of helix slow-wave struetures显示文摘 | D'Agostino S Emma F Paoloni C | 1998 | IEEE Trans on Electron Divices1998，45，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Accurate anlysis of helix slow-wave structure显示文摘 | Agostino S D Emma F Paoloni C | 1998 | IEEE Trans on Electron Devices1998，45，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Rapacuronium preferentially antagonizes the function of M2 versus M3 muscarinic receptors in guinea pig airway smooth muscle显示文摘 | Jooste E Zhang Y EmMa C W | 2005 | Anesthesiology2005，102，： | 1 |
| 19 | Apoptosis-associated release of Smac/DIABLO from mitochondria requires active caspases and is blocked by Bcl-2显示文摘 | Adrain C Emma MC Seamos JM | 2001 | Embo J2001，20，23： | 1 |
| 20 | Severe syncope and sudden death in children with inborn salt-losing hypokalaemic tubulopathies显示文摘 | Cortesi C Bettinelli A Emma F | | 0，，09： | 1 |
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