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| 1 | The relations between density of FACs in the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layers and Kp index显示文摘We have studied 172 field-aligned currents(FACs) cases observed by the ClusterII satellites when they crossed the plasma sheet boundary layer(PSBL) in the magnetotail from July to October 2001.We mainly analyzed the relationship between the characteristic of FACs at the PSBL in magnetotail and the Kp index.The main results indicated the followings:1) In the different geomagnetic activity levels,the relative occurrence of FACs in PSBL increased monotonically with geomagnetic activity.2) The density of FACs in PSBL increased monotonically with Kp index.In the storm main phase,the density of FACs increased dramatically,the maximum FACs approximately equaled 19.05 nA m 2 while Kp equaled 5.3) The variation of FACs density in PSBL was consistent with the variation of the Kp index.However,when AE<800 nT,FACs density in PSBL increased with increasing AE,and when AE>800 nT,it decreased with increasing AE.Therefore,our results suggested that the FACs density in PSBL had a closer correlation with Kp index. | CHENG ZhengWei SHI JianKui ZHANG TieLong DUNLOP Malcolm LIU ZhenXing | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，11： | 8 |
| 2 | Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan显示文摘The rapid rise of arthropods during the Cambrian quickly established some clades, such as the euarthropod stem-group called Radiodonta, as the dominant and most diverse predators in marine ecosystems. Recent discoveries have shown that the size and dietary ecology of radiodontans are far more diverse than previously thought, but little is known about the feeding habits of juveniles. Here, we document a very small(~18-mm-long), near-complete specimen of the radiodontan Lyrarapax unguispinus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota of China. This specimen is the smallest radiodontan individual known,representing a juvenile instar. Its adult-like morphology—especially the fully developed spinose frontal appendages and tetraradial oral cone—indicates that L. unguispinus was a well-equipped predator at an early developmental stage, similar to modern raptorial euarthropods, such as mantises, mantis shrimps and arachnids. This evidence, coupled with the basal phylogenetic position of radiodontans, confirms that raptorial feeding habits in juvenile euarthropods appeared early in the evolutionary history of the group. | Jianni Liu Rudy Lerosey-Aubril Michael Steiner Jason A. Dunlop Degan Shu John R. Paterson | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，6： | 8 |
| 3 | Multi-spacecraft observations of earthward flow bursts显示文摘On the basis of the plasma, electric and magnetic fields jointly observed by Cluster and the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft in the Earth's magnetotail, we have investigated the earthward flow bursts by introducing the momentum equation in the X-direction in the ideal conditions of magneto hydrodynamics (MHD). One earthward flow burst with a peak in excess of 500 km/s was selected, when the four spacecraft of Cluster were located around ?16 RE and TC-1 was located around ?10 RE in the X-direction. The inter-spacecraft distances in Y and Z directions were smaller than the statistical spatial scales of the bursty bulk flows. When the Y components of E and ?V×B were compared, there was no clear breakdown of the frozen-in condition during the earthward flow burst. With the measured plasma and magnetic parameters from two spacecraft at different positions in the magnetotail, the X component of the pressure gradient was calculated. Magnetic tension was calculated using the magnetic field measured at four points, which could be compared with the assumed constant in the past research with single satellite. When the pressure gradient and the magnetic tension were put into the MHD momentum equation, some samples of the earthward flow bursts were accelerated and some were decelerated. The braking process of the earthward flow burst was more complicated than what the past results had shown. The accelerated samples accounted for about one third of the whole earthward flow bursts and discontinuously located among the decelerated elements. The original single earthward flow burst event might be split into several short flow bursts when it was moving to the Earth. Our results may partly illustrate that the duration of fast flows during three phases of substorm becomes short near the Earth. The results are consistent with the past results that fast flows intrude to places earthward the typical braking region. | MA YuDuan CAO JinBin REME Henry DANDOURAS Iannis DUNLOP Malcolm LUCEK Elisabeth | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，5： | 8 |
| 4 | 2004年2月11日Cluster卫星和CUTLASS雷达同时观测的磁通量传输事件显示文摘本文分析了2004年2月11日11:00-11:40UT期间Cluster卫星簇的磁通门磁力计(FGM)、等离子体电子及电流试验仪(PEACE)和CUTLASS芬兰雷达对多个磁通量传输事件(FTEs)的同时观测.在此期间,Cluster卫星簇位于北半球外极隙区附近,并于11:18UT左右穿出磁层顶进入磁鞘,四颗卫星同时观测到了多个FTEs,其出现具有准周期性,周期约为130s.利用Cluster四颗卫星的多点同时观测数据,采用最小方向微分法和时空微分方法,我们推断这些FTEs是尺度大小约为(0.87-1.81)RE的准二维结构,其运动方向为东北方向,与Cooling模型预测方向基本一致.CUTLASS芬兰雷达在相应的电离层区域观测到了明显的"极向运动雷达极光"结构,这些结构与Cluster卫星簇观测的FTEs有着很好的对应关系,它们是FTEs的雷达观测特征. | 张清和 刘瑞源 黄际英 M. W. Dunlop 胡红桥 胡泽骏 Y. V. Bogdanova M. Lester | 2008 | 地球物理学报2008，51，1： | 6 |
| 5 | Convective high-speed flow and field-aligned high-speed flows explored by TC-1显示文摘From June 1, 2004 to October 31, 2006, a total 465 high-speed flow events are observed by the TC-1 satellite in the near-Earth region (?13 RE < x < ?9 RE, |Y |<10 RE, |Z|<5 RE). Based on the angle between the flow and the magnetic field, the high-speed flow events are further divided into two types, that is, field-aligned high-speed flow (FAHF) in the plasma sheet boundary and convective bursty bulk flow (BBF) in the center plasma sheet. Among the total 465 high-speed flow events, there are 371 FAHFs, and 94 BBFs. The CHF are mainly concentrated in the plasma sheet, the intersection angle between the flow and the magnetic field is larger, the magnetic field intensity is relatively weak. The FHF are mainly distributed near the boundary layer of the plasma sheet, the intersection angle between the flow and magnetic field is smaller, and the magnetic field intensity is relatively strong. The convective BBFs have an important effect on the substorm. | ZHANG LingQian LIU ZhenXing MA ZhiWei W. BAUMJOHANN M.W. DUNLOP WANG GuangJun WANG Xiao H. REME C. CARR | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，15： | 5 |
| 6 | Surveys on magnetospheric plasmas based on the Double Star Project (DSP) exploration显示文摘The equatorial and polar satellites of the Double Star Project (DSP) were launched successfully on December 29, 2003 and July 25, 2004, respectively, and both of them are operating smoothly. The DSP provides a good opportunity for investigat-ing the structure of the magnetosphere. Based on the DSP data collected during 2004, we have surveyed the distribution of the magnetic fields and plasmas in the magnetosphere. It is found that: (1) Near the Earth’s equatorial plane within geo-centric distances of less than 7 RE, the Earth’s magnetic field is dipolar. In the vi-cinity of the magnetopause, the magnetic field is enhanced by a factor of about 1.5, and on the nightside, the magnetic field can vary significantly from the Earth’s di-pole field, likely caused by the presence of the near-Earth tail current sheet. (2) In the day-side magnetosheath, the electron and ion densities are usually both in the range of 10―30 cm?3; the ion and electron temperatures are usually about 200 and 50 eV, respectively. The flow pattern is usually smooth, with a low velocity in the subsolar region and with significantly higher velocities in the dawn and dusk flanks. (3) In the region between the magnetopause and plasmasphere the density is low, approximately 0.5―5 cm?3, and the temperature is high, about 1―10 keV for ions and 0.1―5 keV for electrons. The ion temperature has an apparent anisotropy, with the ratio of the perpendicular and parallel temperatures being about 1.0―1.3 for the night- and dusk-side magnetosphere and about 1.3―2.0 for the day- and dawn-side magnetosphere. There is an evident sunward convection of about 50 km/s in the magnetosphere. On the dawn side, the flow becomes somewhat turbulent, and in the vicinity of the night-noon meridian plane, the convection is rather slow. (4) The high-energy electrons with energies higher than 2 MeV are mainly located in the regions with 3 < L < 4.5; the size of the high-energy electrons area varies with time, it may expand and shrink occasionally according to different solar wind conditions and magnetic activities. | C. P. ESCOUBET C. M. CARR H. RME A. FAZAKERLEY H. LAAKSO I. DANDOURAS M. DUNLOP | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，10： | 5 |
| 7 | SuperDARN CUTLASS Finland radar observations of high-latitude magnetic reconnections under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions显示文摘A number of backscatter power enhancement events with 'equatorward-moving radar auroral forms' in the high-latitude ionosphere were observed by SuperDARN CUTLASS Finland radar when the IMF was northward during 09:00 -10:00 UT on 26 March 2004. These events were also associated with sunward flow enhancements at each location in the Northern Hemisphere which were shown in ionospheric convections measured by the SuperDARN radars. These are typical features of high-latitude (lobe) magnetic reconnections. The durations of the velocity enhancements imply that the evolution time of the lobe reconnections is about 8-16 min from their origin at the reconnection site to their addition to the magnetotail lobe again. In additional, the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft was moving from magnetosheath into magnetosphere, and crossing the magnetopause near the subsolar region during this interval, and observed typical low-latitude magnetic reconnection signatures. This infers that the dayside high- and low-latitude reconnections may occur simultaneously. | ZHANG QingHe LIU RuiYuan YANG HuiGen HU HongQiao ZHANG BeiChen DUNLOP Malcolm LESTER Mark BOGDANOVA Yulia WALSH Andrew | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，5： | 5 |
| 8 | Protein misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases:implications and strategies显示文摘A hallmark of neurodegenerative proteinopathies is the formation of misfolded protein aggregates that cause cellular toxicity and contribute to cellular proteostatic collapse.Therapeutic options are currently being explored that target different steps in the production and processing of proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disease,including synthesis,chaperone-assisted folding and trafficking,and degradation via the proteasome and autophagy pathways.Other therapies,like mTOR inhibitors and activators of the heat shock response,can rebalance the entire proteostatic network.However,there are major challenges that impact the development of novel therapies,including incomplete knowledge of druggable disease targets and their mechanism of action as well as a lack of biomarkers to monitor disease progression and therapeutic response.A notable development is the creation of collaborative ecosystems that include patients,clinicians,basic and translational researchers,foundations and regulatory agencies to promote scientific rigor and clinical data to accelerate the development of therapies that prevent,reverse or delay the progression of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. | Patrick Sweeney Hyunsun Park Marc Baumann John Dunlop Judith Frydman Ron Kopito Alexander McCampbell Gabrielle Leblanc Anjli Venkateswaran Antti Nurmi Robert Hodgson | 2017 | Translational Neurodegeneration2017，6，1： | 4 |
| 9 | The radial evolution of earthward BBFs during substorm显示文摘We here study the occurrence rate,probability function of velocity and duration of earthward bursty bulk flows(BBFs) in the Inner Plasma Sheet(IPS,β>0.5) using the data of Cluster in 2001 and 2002.The occurrence rate of earthward BBFs increases with distance from the Earth up to ?19 RE,which is in agreement with the previous observations of the radial evolution of BBFs.About 54% of earthward BBFs in expansion phase have a velocity larger than 600 km/s,whereas only 38% of earthward BBFs in growth and recovery phases have a velocity larger than 600 km/s.The average velocity of earthward BBFs in expansion phase is 732 km/s,larger than those in growth phase(631 km/s) and recovery phase(617 km/s).The durations of earthward BBFs decrease with the decrease of downtail distance from Earth due to the braking of earthward BBFs.The duration of earthward BBFs in expansion phase is larger than that in growth and recovery phases.The average durations in growth,expansion,and recovery phases are respectively 49.3,71.5,and 47.6 s.Therefore,the ratios of transports of energy of earthward BBFs in growth,expansion,and recovery phases can be estimated to be 0.51:1:0.47.Thus,the earthward BBFs in the expansion phase have the largest capability of the transport of energy and can produce the largest braking effects,such as inertial currents and auroral activities. | REME H DANDOURAS I LUCEK E DUNLOP M | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，10： | 4 |
| 10 | The precipitation sequence in Al–Mg–Si alloys显示文摘 | G.A. Edwards K. Stiller G.L. Dunlop M.J. Couper | 1997 | Acta Materialia1997，，11： | 4 |
| 11 | Properties of Field Aligned Current in Plasma Sheet Boundary Layers in Magnetotail: Cluster Observation显示文摘地在在磁电机尾巴的血浆表边界层(PSBL ) 的排列水流(FAC ) 分发被从簇 4 点大小分析磁场数据统计上学习。结果证明黄昏方面上的 FAC 分发不在在磁电机尾巴的黎明方面上与那一样。在向地的每个方面和尾巴病房上, FAC 出现是不同的;出现和在北半球的 FAC 的平均当前的密度与在南部的半球的那些不同。这暗示 FAC 有黄昏黎明方面不对称现象,极性不对称现象并且内部在磁电机尾巴的半球差别。现在的结果在 FAC 机制上为学习给一条好观察证据。 | 史建魁 程征伟 T. L. Zhang M. Dunlop 刘振兴 | 2009 | Chinese Physics Letters2009，26，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Long-term effect of aspirin on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | John Burn Anne-Marie Gerdes Finlay Macrae Jukka-Pekka Mecklin Gabriela Moeslein Sylviane Olschwang Diane Eccles D Gareth Evans Eamonn R Maher Lucio Bertario Marie-Luise Bisgaard Malcolm G Dunlop Judy WC Ho Shirley V Hodgson Annika Lindblom Jan Lubinski Pa | 2011 | The Lancet2011，，9809： | 3 |
| 13 | Aspirin Inhibits mTOR Signaling, Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, and Induces Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer Cells显示文摘 | Farhat V.N. Din Asta Valanciute Vanessa P. Houde Daria Zibrova Kevin A. Green Kei Sakamoto Dario R. Alessi Malcolm G. Dunlop | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，7： | 3 |
| 14 | Variation of dependence of the cusp location at different altitude on the dipole tilt显示文摘Using the Cluster cusp crossings data,dependence of the cusp location at the mid-altitude on the geomagnetic dipole tilt during northward IMF is studied.The results show that the cusp center moves 0.051°Invariant Latitude(ILAT)upon the increase of 1°in the dipole tilt angle at the average altitude of 5.8 RE(Earth radius).According to the present results obtained at the altitude of the Cluster orbit and previous results obtained at other altitudes of other satellite orbits,it is found that the higher the altitude in the cusp region is,the bigger the dependence of cusp location on the dipole tilt angle will be.If the altitude increases by 1 RE in the cusp region,the dependence will increase by 0.012°ILAT upon the increase of 1°in the dipole tilt angle.Some possible physical mechanisms are discussed and it shows that the cusp location will be more sensitive to the solar wind dynamic pressure if the altitude is high. | GUO JianGuang SHI JianKui CHENG ZhengWei ZHANG ZiYing WANG Zheng ZHANG TieLong LIU ZhenXing DUNLOP Malcolm | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，28： | 3 |
| 15 | Solar wind transport into magnetosphere caused by magnetic reconnection at high latitude magnetopause during northward IMF: Cluster-DSP conjunction observations显示文摘An event of Cluster-Double Star conjunction observations of magnetic reconnec-tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps and solar wind trans-port into magnetosphere caused by such reconnection process has been investi-gated. During northward IMF, Cluster/SC1 observed accelerated flows and ion heating associated with magnetic reconnection at high latitude magnetopause nightside of southern cusp. And Double Star observed cold dense solar wind plasma transported into dayside magnetosphere. The analysis on such conjunction observations shows that: (1) during northward IMF, magnetic reconnection occurs at high latitude nightside of southern cusp, accompanied by accelerated flows that are observed by Cluster/SC1; (2) the direction of the accelerated flows, with its sunward component Vx, dawnward component Vy, northward component Vz, is quite consistent with the theoretical anticipation under the condition of northward IMF with dawnward component By; (3) reconnection can heat plasma more in par-allel direction than in perpendicular direction, to a level of about 4 keV; (4) with reconnection taking place at high latitude magnetopause nightside of the southern cusp, TC-1 observed cold and dense plasma transported into magnetosphere; (5) by reconnection at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps, solar wind flux tube can be captured by magnetosphere and pulled into dayside magneto-sphere. This event presents further observational evidence for magnetic reconnec-tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps as an important mech-anism of sol-ar w-ind transport into magnetosphere. | M. DUNLOP E. LUCEK H. RME C. M. CARR | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，10： | 3 |
| 16 | 2004年4月1日磁通量传输事件特性的研究——通量管内电流密度、粒子运动与管轴方向的对比分析显示文摘本文利用Cluster四颗卫星上磁通门磁力计(FGM)的同时观测,采用旋度器方法(Curlometer),计算和分析了2004年4月1日12:24到12:54UT期间Cluster卫星观测的多个磁通量传输事件(FTEs)的特性。结果表明:磁通量管内电流密度较大,可达到约10-7A/m2。应用最小方向微分法(MDD),发现这些FTE事件具有准二维结构,即为圆柱形结构,其通量管轴线方向与管内电流方向及粒子运动方向基本平行。 | 张清和 刘瑞源 黄际英 Dunlop MW 胡红桥 沈超 Bogdanova YV | 2007 | 极地研究2007，19，2： | 3 |
| 17 | Pectin May Hinder the Unfolding of Xyloglucan Chains during Cell Deformation: Implications of the Mechanical Performance of Arabidopsis Hypocotyls with Pectin Alterations显示文摘种房间墙,象大量的其它一样生物材料,是自然增强纤维的合成材料。他们的机械性质自己高度依赖于生硬含纤维的阶段和软矩阵阶段的相互影响并且在矩阵变丑上。用特定的 Arabidopsis thaliana 异种,我们与改变的 xyloglucan 和果胶作文在胚轴的主要房间墙中学习了矩阵集会的机械角色。标准 microtensile 测试和周期的装载协议象少些展出 50% 的 qua2 一样与影响 RGII 硼酸盐 diester 交叉结合和妨碍的 xyloglucan fucosylation 在 mur1 胚轴上被执行 homogalacturonan 与相比野类型。作为控制,野类型的植物(Col-0 ) 和在果胶网络展出特定的 xyloglucan fucosylation 和没有差别的 mur2 被利用。在标准张力的测试,有果胶改变的异种的胚轴的最终的压力层次(张力的力量)(mur1, qua2 ) 是相当未受影响的,而他们的张力的僵硬显著地与 Col-0 相比被减少。周期的装载测试显示了一在首先拉紧然而,其度为 mur1 和 qua2 胚轴是高得多的期间在第一个周期和塑料变丑以后所有胚轴使硬。基于机械数据和当前的房间墙模型,在纤维素纤丝之间的合拢的 xyloglucan 链可以趋于在胚轴拉紧期间展开,这被假定。这回答被几何限制可能由于果胶刚硬妨碍。 | Willie Abasolo Michaela Eder Kazuchika Yamauchi Nicolai Obel Antje Reinecke Lutz Neumetzler John W.C. Dunlop Gregory Mouille Markus Pauly Herman Hofte Ingo Burgert | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，5： | 2 |
| 18 | 解析“创意产业”概念显示文摘在英国文化政策制定者那里,'创意产业'和'文化产业'是可以互换的概念。但实际上,它们的含义和用法是不同的。本文试图区别这两个不同的概念并指出,不管'创意产业'这个概念在英国政府那里多有影响力,但就文化而言,这的确是个错误的用法。首先,它混淆或合并了文化和创意这两个不同的概念。这一方面是因为对'文化'这一概念的混淆;另一方面,英国的创意产业概念已经与知识经济结为一体,文化也被打上了经济烙印。结果是'创意产业'这一定义并没有考虑到文化的特性与重要性——在政策条款中,创意艺术被包含进一个并无文化内容的概念之中。 | Susan Galloway Stewart Dunlop 赵小波 | 2008 | 文化艺术研究2008，1，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Induction of Root Hair Growth in a Phosphorus-Buffered Culture Solution显示文摘A system to control the release of phosphate in water was successfully established, based on solubility product of [Ca2+]and [PO43-] using tricalcium phosphate as P source in the hydroponic solution, and adding CaCl2 for supplementing extraCa2+. The system, similar to soil solutions, was a P nutrient buffer solution with very low bioavailable P. The buffersolution induced the roots of both monocotyledon and dicotyledon species to grow abundant root hairs, 3 mm inmaximum length. The monocotyledons were corn (Zea mays L.) (var. Yellow Rose), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (var.Yanzhong 144), Triticale secale L. (var. Jingsong 5), and ryegrass (Lolium rigidum L.) (var. Ruanni), and the dicotyledonswere Arabidopsis thaliana L. (var. Columbia), white clover (Trifolium repens) (var. Kopu), Lotus (Lotus peduncucatusCav. Luliginosus Schkuhr) (var. Grasslands Maku). For these species we proved that the root environment controls theinduction of root hair formation. However, the hydroponic buffer solution failed to induce root hairs on the roots of onion(Allium cepa L.). Other investigators have concluded that corn does not form root hairs in hydroponics, but abundantlong root hairs on corn were induced by this buffer system. The roots with abundant long root hairs are called “hedgehogroots” because they have hairs everywhere just like a hedgehog. | LIU Guo-dong James Dunlop Thai Phung | 2006 | Agricultural Sciences in China2006，5，5： | 2 |
| 20 | Solar wind entry via flux tube into magnetosphere observed by Cluster measurements at dayside magnetopause during southward IMF显示文摘By analyzing hot ion and electron parameters together with magnetic field measurements from Cluster, an event of magnetopause crossing of the spacecraft has been investigated. At the latitude of about 40° and magnetic local time (MLT) of 13:20 during the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), a transition layer was observed, with the magnetospheric field configuration and cold dense plasma features of the magnetosheath. The particle energy-time spectrograms inside the layer were similar to but still a little different from those in the magnetosheath, obviously indicating the solar wind entry into the magnetosphere. The direction and magnitude of the accelerated ion flow implied that reconnection might possibly cause such a solar wind entry phenomenon. The bipolar signature of the normal magnetic component BN in magnetopause coordinates further supported happening of reconnection there. The solar wind plasma flowed toward the magnetopause and entered the magnetosphere along the reconnected flux tube. The magnetospheric branch of the reconnected flux tube was still inside the magnetosphere after reconnection and supplied the path for the solar wind entry into the dayside magnetosphere. The case analysis gives observational evidence and more details of how the reconnection process at the dayside low latitude magnetopause caused the solar wind entry into the magnetosphere. | M. Dunlop A. Balogh H. Rème Y. V. Bogdanova A. Fazakerley | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，7： | 2 |
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