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| 1 | On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China显示文摘Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE China.Methods Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 m.Soil samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility attributes.All plots were classified into geomorphological units.Analyses of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth attributes.Important Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the experiment.This explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in valleys.However,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent waterways.The results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by topography.Monte-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil fertility.Furthermore,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to leaching.This geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm depth.Few soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor roles.Nevertheless,soil acidity and a high proportion of Al on the exchange complex affected tree height even after only 1-2 years growth.Hence,our study showed that forest nutrition is coupled to a recycling of litter nutrients,and does not only depend on subsequent supply of nutrients from the mineral soil.Besides soil fertility,topography affected tree height.We found that especially MCCA as indicator of water availability affected tree growth at small-scale,as well as aspect.Overall,our synthesis on the interrelation between fertility,topography and tree growth in a subtropical forest ecosystem in SE China showed that topographic heterogeneity lead to ecological gradients across geomorphological positions.In this respect,small-scale soil-plant interactions in a young forest can serve as a driver for the future development of vegetation and biodiversity control on soil fertility.In addition,it shows that terrain attributes should be accounted for in ecological research. | Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 22 |
| 2 | 抗糖尿病药物有助于治疗阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病(英文)显示文摘2型糖尿病已被证实是阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)和帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)的一个危险因素。已有报道表明,AD和PD患者脑内的胰岛素信号转导受到损害。这一发现使抗糖尿病药物的应用有了新的研究,并显示出良好效应。临床前期试验表明,胰岛素或长效肠促胰岛素肽(incretin peptide)类似物具有良好的神经保护作用。在AD和PD转基因模型动物中,胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1,一种肠促胰岛素的类似物)阻止了神经退行性变进程,改善了神经元和突触的功能,并减轻了疾病的症状。在AD转基因小鼠模型中,GLP-1类似物阻止了淀粉样斑块的沉积、突触的丧失以及认知功能的损害;在PD动物模型中,GLP-1类似物改善了多巴胺能神经传递和运动功能。在此基础上,临床试验也在进行之中,并显示出令人鼓舞的结果。在AD患者中的初步研究表明,鼻腔给予胰岛素可改善患者的认知功能并减少脑内的AD标志物。对PD患者的初步研究也表明,目前已经上市用于治疗2型糖尿病的一种GLP-1受体激动剂(exendin-4,Byetta)对PD病人具有良好的疗效。另一种上市用于治疗糖尿病的GLP-1类似物(liraglutide,Victoza)也正在AD患者中进行临床测试。最近,第三种GLP-1受体激动剂(Lixisenatide,Lyxumia)已经在欧洲被批准上市,该药物也显示了良好的神经保护作用。本文将就以上抗糖尿病药物的神经保护作用进行归纳。可见,GLP-1类似物所显示的神经保护乃至神经再生作用为AD和PD提供了一种新的治疗手段,这些作用是当前其它药物所不具备的。 | Christian Hlscher | 2014 | 生理学报2014，66，5： | 17 |
| 3 | VEGF-D expression correlates with colorectal cancer aggressiveness and is downregulated by cetuximab显示文摘AIM:To gain mechanistic insights into the role played by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS:The impact of high-level expression of the growth factor receptors EGFR and VEGF receptor (VEGFR)3 and the VEGFR3 ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D on disease progression and prognosis in human CRC was investigated in 108 patients using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the expression of the lymphangiogenic factors in response to the modulation of EGFR signalling by the EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody cetuximab was investigated at the mRNA and protein level in human SW480 and SW620 CRC cell lines and a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS: Human CRC specimens and cell lines displayed EGFR, VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression with varying intensities. VEGF-C expression was associated with histological grade. Strong expression of VEGF-D was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and linked to a trend for decreased survival in lymph node-positive patients. EGFR blockade with cetuximab resulted in a significant decrease of VEGF-D expression in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, the expression of VEGF-D in colorectal tumours is significantly associated with lymphatic involvement in CRC patients and such expression might be blocked effectively by cetuximab. | Markus Moehler Christian Frings Annett Mueller Ines Gockel Carl C Schimanski Stefan Biesterfeld Institute of Pathology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55101 Germany Peter R Galle Martin H Holtmann | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，26： | 15 |
| 4 | Identification of squamous cell carcinoma associated proteins by proteomics and loss of beta tropomyosin expression in esophageal cancer显示文摘AIM: To assess the proteome of normal versus tumor tissue in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) in Iranian patients and compare our results with former reports by using proteomics. METHODS: Protein was extracted from normal and tumor tissues. Two dimensional electrophoresis was carried out and spots with differential expression were identified with mass spectrometry. RNA extraction and RT-PCR along with immunodetection were performed. RESULTS: Fourteen proteins were found whose expression levels differed in tumor compared to normal tissues. Mass spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of β-tropomyosin (TMβ), myosin light chain 2 (and its isoform), myosin regulatory light chain 2, peroxyredoxin 2, annexinⅠand an unknown polypeptide as the down regulated polypeptides in tumor tissue. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), TPM4-ALK fusion oncoprotein 2, myosin light polypeptide 6, keratinⅠ, GH16431p and calreticulin were the up-regulated polypeptides found in tumor tissue. Several of these proteins, such as TMβ,HSP70, annexinⅠ, calreticulin, TPM4-ALK and isoforms of myosins, have been well recognized in tumorigenesis of esophageal or other types of cancers. CONCLUSION: Our study not only supports the involve- ment of some of the formerly reported proteins in SCCE but also introduces additional proteins found to be lost in SCCE, including TMβ. | Ferdous Rastgar Jazii Zahra Najafi Reza Malekzadeh Thomas P Conrads Abed Ali Ziaee Christian Abnet Mansour Yazdznbod Ali Asghar Karkhane Ghasem H Salekdeh | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 14 |
| 5 | Glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide dual receptor agonist DA-CH5 is superior to exendin-4 in protecting neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat Parkinson model显示文摘Patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) have impaired insulin signaling in the brain. Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP), can re-sensitize insulin signaling. In a recent phase II clinical trial, the first GLP-1 mimic, exendin-4, has shown reliable curative effect in patients with PD. DA-CH5 is a novel GLP-1/GIP receptor unimolecular coagonist with a novel peptide sequence added to cross the blood-brain barrier. Here we showed that both exendin-4 and DA-CH5 protected against 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) cytotoxicity, inhibited apoptosis, improved mitogenesis and induced autophagy flux in SH-SY5Y cells via activation of the insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1)/alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt)/c AMP response element-binding protein(CREB) pathway. We also found that DA-CH5(10 nmol/kg) daily intraperitoneal administration for 30 days post-lesion alleviated motor dysfunction in rats and prevented stereotactic unilateral administration of 6-OHDA induced dopaminergic neurons loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, DA-CH5 showed curative effects in reducing the levels of α-synuclein and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β). It was also more effective than exendin-4 in inhibiting apoptotic process and protecting mitochondrial functions. In addition, insulin resistance was largely alleviated and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was upregulated in PD model rats after DA-CH5 treatment. These results in this study indicate DA-CH5 plays a therapeutic role in the 6-OHDAunilaterally lesioned PD rat model and is superior to GLP-1 analogue exendin-4. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University of China. | Ling-Yu Zhang Qian-Qian Jin Christian Hölscher Lin Li | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，8： | 10 |
| 6 | Role of circulating microRNAs in liver diseases显示文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small RNAs regulate gene expression by inhibiting the turnover of their target mRNAs. In the last years, it became apparent that miRNAs are released into the circulation and circulating miRNAs emerged as a new class of biomarkers for various diseases. In this review we summarize available data on the role of circulating miRNAs in the context of acute and chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Data from animal models are compared to human data and current challenges in the field of miRNAs research are discussed. | Sven H Loosen Florian Schueller Christian Trautwein Sanchari Roy Christoph Roderburg | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，12： | 7 |
| 7 | 高效抗逆转录病毒治疗下人类免疫缺陷病毒感染或艾滋病患者的临床特点——附255例报告显示文摘目的:总结高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)下人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immnunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染或艾滋病患者的临床特点。方法:总结分析255例德国HIV感染或艾滋病患者在HAART下的临床特点,并对其外周血CD4+T细胞计数与血浆中HIV-1RNA载量之间的相关性进行分析。结果与结论:255例患者主要传播途径为性传播(57%)、静脉注射毒品(24%)。临床表现主要有发热(27%)、淋巴结肿大(20%)。相关合并症主要有白假丝酵母菌感染(19%)、乙型病毒性肝炎(21%)、丙型病毒性肝炎(26%)。至今仍生存242例(95%),死亡13例(5%),死因主要为肝炎肝硬化(失代偿期)和肝、肾功能衰竭。检测189例患者的外周血CD4+T细胞绝对数和血浆HIV-1RNA载量,其CD4+T细胞绝对数与HIV-1RNA载量的对数水平(lg)存在负相关(r=-0.435,P<0.001)。建议对HAART治疗下的HIV感染或艾滋病患者予以检测外周血CD4+T细胞数,有助于临床上对其病情变化和抗病毒治疗疗效进行评估。 | 陈友鹏 赵介 杨冬华 Christian Traeder 唐永煌 张立伐 Keikawus Arastéh | 2007 | 新医学2007，38，9： | 7 |
| 8 | Single-operator cholangioscopy for biliary complications in liver transplant recipients显示文摘AIM To evaluate cholangioscopy in addition to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for management of biliary complications after liver transplantation(LT).METHODS Twenty-six LT recipients with duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction who underwent ERCP for suspected biliary complications between April and December2016 at the university hospital of Muenster were consecutively enrolled in this observational study. After evaluating bile ducts using fluoroscopy, cholangioscopy using a modern digital single-operator cholangioscopy s y s t e m(S py G la s s D S ?) wa s pe r fo r me d dur ing the same procedure with patients under conscious sedation. All patients received peri-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis and bile was collected during the intervention for microbial analysis and for antibiotic susceptibility testing.RESULTS Thirty-three biliary complications were found in a total of 22 patients, whereas four patients showed normal bile ducts. Anastomotic strictures were evident in 14(53.8%) patients, non-anastomotic strictures in seven(26.9%), biliary cast in three(11.5%), and stones in six(23.1%). A benefit of cholangioscopy was seen in 12(46.2%) patients. In four of them, cholangioscopy was crucial for selective guidewire placement prior to planned intervention. In six patients, biliary cast and/or stones failed to be diagnosed by ERCP and were only detectable through cholangioscopy. In one case, a bile duct ulcer due to fungal infection was diagnosed by cholangioscopy. In another case, signs of bile duct inflammation caused by acute cholangitis were evident. One patient developed post-interventional cholangitis. No further procedure-related complications occurred. Thirty-seven isolates were found in bile. Sixteen of these were gram-positive(43.2%), 12(32.4%) were gram-negative bacteria, and Candida species accounted for 24.3% of all isolated microorganisms. Interestingly, only 48.6% of specimens were sensitive to prophylactic antibiotics.CONCLUSION Single-operator cholangioscopy can provide important diagnostic information, helping endoscopists to plan and perform interventional procedures in LT-related biliary complications. | Anna Hüsing-Kabar Hauke Sebastian Heinzow Hartmut Hans-Jürgen Schmidt Carina Stenger Hans Ulrich Gerth Michele Pohlen Gerold Tholking Christian Wilms Iyad Kabar | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，22： | 4 |
| 9 | Treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinomas by systemic inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in mice显示文摘AIM: Tumor angiogenesis has been shown to be promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via stimulating endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Blockade of VEGF signaling by different means has been demonstrated to result in reduced tumor growth and suppression of tumor angiogenesis in distinct tumor entities. Here, we tested a recombinant adenovirus, AdsFIt1-3, that encodes an antagonistically acting fragment of the VEGF receptor 1 (Flt-1), for systemic antitumor effects in pre-established subcutaneous CRC tumors in mice. METHODS: Murine colorectal carcinoma cells (CT26) were inoculated subcutaneously into Balb/c mice for in vivo studies. Tumor size and survival were determined. 293 cell line was used for propagation of the adenoviral vectors. Human lung cancer line A549 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were transfected for in vitro experiments. RESULTS: Infection of tumor cells with AdsFlt1-3 resulted in protein secretion into cell supernatant, demonstrating correct vector function. As expected, the secreted sFlt1-3 protein had no direct effect on CT26 tumor cell proliferation in vitro, but endothelial cell function was inhibited by about 46% as compared to the AdLacZ control in a tube formation assay. When AdsFlt1-3 (5×109 PFU/animal) was applied to tumor bearing mice, we found a tumor inhibition by 72% at d 12 after treatment initiation. In spite of these antitumoral effects, the survival time was not improved. According to reduced intratumoral microvessel density in AdsFIt1-3-treated mice, the antitumor mechanism can be attributed to angiostatic vector effects. We did not detect increased systemic VEGF levels after AdsFlt1-3 treatment and liver toxicity was low as judged by serum alanine aminotransferase determination. CONCLUSION: In this study we confirmed the value of a systemic administration of AdsFIt1-3 to block VEGF signaling as antitumor therapy in an experimental metastatic colorectal carcinoma model in mice. | Volker Schmitz Miroslaw Kornek Tobias Hilbert Christian Dzienisowicz Esbher Raskopf Christian Rabe Tilman Sauerbruch Cheng Qian Wolfgang H Caselmann | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，28： | 4 |
| 10 | Paclitaxel-eluting balloon dilation of biliary anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation显示文摘AIM:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic therapy with a paclitaxel-eluting balloon(PEB) for biliary anastomotic stricture(AS) after liver transplantation(LT).METHODS:This prospective pilot study enrolled 13 consecutive eligible patients treated for symptomatic AS after LT at the University Hospital of Münster between January 2011 and March 2014.The patients were treated by endoscopic therapy with a PEB and followed up every 8 wk by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).In cases of re-stenosis,further balloon dilation with a PEB was performed.Follow-up was continued until 24 mo after the last intervention.RESULTS:Initial technical feasibility,defined as successful balloon dilation with a PEB during the initial ERCP procedure,was achieved in 100% of cases.Long-term clinical success(LTCS),defined as no need for further endoscopic intervention for at least 24 mo,was achieved in 12 of the 13 patients(92.3%).The mean number of endoscopic interventions required to achieve LTCS was only 1.7 ± 1.1.Treatment failure,defined as the need for definitive alternative treatment,occurred in only one patient,who developed recurrent stenosis with increasing bile duct dilatation that required stent placement.CONCLUSION:Endoscopic therapy with a PEB is very effective for the treatment of AS after LT,and seems to significantly shorten the overall duration of endoscopic treatment by reducing the number of interventions needed to achieve LTCS. | Anna Hüsing Holger Reinecke Vito R Cicinnati Susanne Beckebaum Christian Wilms Hartmut H Schmidt Iyad Kabar | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，3： | 4 |
| 11 | Combination of corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates or corticosteroids alone for patients with moderate-severe active ulcerative colitis:A global survey of physicians'practice显示文摘AIM To examine treatment decisions of gastroenterologists regarding the choice of prescribing 5-aminosalycilates(5ASA) with corticosteroids(CS) versus corticosteroids alone for patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire exploring physicians' attitude toward 5ASA + CS combination therapy vs CS alone was developed and validated. The questionnaire was distributed to gastroenterology experts in twelve countries in five continents. Respondents' agreement with stated treatment choices were assessed by standardized Likert scale. Background professional characteristics of respondents were analyzed for correlation with responses. RESULTS Six hundred and sixty-four questionnaires were distributed and 349 received(52.6% response rate). Of 340 eligible respondents, 221(65%) would continue 5ASA in a patient hospitalized for intravenous CS treatment due to a moderate-severe UC flare, while 108(32%) would stop the 5ASA(P < 0.001), and 11(3%) are undecided. Similarly, 62% would continue 5ASA in an out-patient starting oral CS. However, only 140/340(41%) would proactively start 5ASA in a hospitalized patient not receiving 5ASA before admission. Most(94%) physicians consider the safety profile of 5ASA as very good. Only 52% consider them inexpensive, 35% perceive them to be expensive and 12% are undecided. On multi-variable analysis, less years of practice and perception of a plausible additive mechanistic effect of 5ASA + CS were positively associated with the decision to continue 5ASA with CS. CONCLUSION Despite the absence of data supporting its benefit, most gastroenterologists endorse combination of 5ASA + CS for patients with active moderate-to-severe UC. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess if 5ASA confer any benefit for these patients. | Shomron Ben-Horin Jane M Andrews Konstantinos H Katsanos Florian Rieder Flavio Steinwurz Konstantinos Karmiris Jae Hee Cheon Gordon William Moran Monica Cesarini Christian D Stone Doron Schwartz Marijana Protic Xavier Roblin Giulia Roda Min-Hu Chen Ofir Har-Noy Charles N Bernstein | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 3 |
| 12 | Human biological monitoring of suspected .ndocrine-disrupting compounds显示文摘内分泌破坏的混合物是防碍身体的自然荷尔蒙的外长的代理人。人的生物监视是为监视暴露到内分泌的破坏混合物的一个强大的方法。在这评论,我们为内分泌的破坏混合物, polychlorinated 联本基, brominated 火焰 retardants, phthalates, alkylphenols,杀虫剂,金属, perfluronated 混合物, parabens,紫外过滤器,和器官的溶剂的不同的组描述人的生物监视系统。讨论的方面是到暴露,新陈代谢,分析的矩阵,分析决心方法,决定因素,和时间趋势的起源。 | Moosa Faniband Christian H Lindh Bo AG Jfnsson | 2014 | Asian Journal of Andrology2014，16，1： | 3 |
| 13 | 人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者或艾滋病患者机会性感染和菌群分布特点显示文摘目的了解柏林HIV-1感染者或AIDS患者机会性感染的菌群分布特点,及其与CD4^+细胞数、病毒载量的关系。方法将2000年5月至2001年4月在德国柏林Vivantes Auguste-Vikto- ria医院收治的269例患者,于入院当天采用FACScan流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4^+细胞数和RT- PCR检测血浆HIV-1病毒载量。机会性感染以出院诊断为准,根据临床表现和实验室检查确诊。结果84例出现过机会性感染,48例次为二重或多重感染。机会性感染者外周血CD4^+细胞数明显低于无机会性感染者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而平均病毒载量则明显高于后者(P<0.01)。在病原学方面,以念珠菌、CMV、单纯疱疹病毒或带状疱疹病毒、卡氏肺孢子菌、非结核性分枝杆菌和弓形虫为主。主要感染部位是呼吸系统、血液和消化系统。分离出致病菌30余种,共193株,主要为葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、念珠菌、流感嗜血杆菌和大肠埃希菌。获得甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)2株和多重耐药流感嗜血杆菌1株。结论本组患者机会性感染发生率较高。致病菌株分布广泛,二重和多重菌株感染较为普遍,但未出现严重的多重耐药株。 | 陈友鹏 赵介 梁旭竞 Christian Traeder 唐永煌 Keikawus Arastéh | 2007 | 中华传染病杂志2007，25，7： | 3 |
| 14 | New drug treatments show neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases显示文摘Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Insulin signaling in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease is impaired. Preclinical studies of growth factors showed impressive neuroprotective effects. In animal models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, insulin, glia-derived neurotrophic factor, or analogues of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 prevented neurodegenerative processes and improved neuronal and synaptic functionality in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. On the basis of these promising findings, several clinical trials are ongoing with the first encouraging clinical results published. This gives hope for developing effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease that are currently unavailable. | Christian H?lscher | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，21： | 3 |
| 15 | Towards a standard diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Impact of dietary fat source显示文摘BACKGROUND The trans-fat containing AMLN(amylin liver non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)diet has been extensively validated in C57BL/6J mice with or without the Lep^ob/Lep^ob(ob/ob)mutation in the leptin gene for reliably inducing metabolic and liver histopathological changes recapitulating hallmarks of NASH.Due to a recent ban on trans-fats as food additive,there is a marked need for developing a new diet capable of promoting a compatible level of disease in ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice.AIM To develop a biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH based on an obesogenic diet with trans-fat substituted by saturated fat.METHODS Male ob/ob mice were fed AMLN diet or a modified AMLN diet with trans-fat(Primex shortening)substituted by equivalent amounts of palm oil[Gubra amylin NASH,(GAN)diet]for 8,12 and 16 wk.C57BL/6J mice were fed the same diets for 28 wk.AMLN and GAN diets had similar caloric content(40%fat kcal),fructose(22%)and cholesterol(2%)level.RESULTS The GAN diet was more obesogenic compared to the AMLN diet and impaired glucose tolerance.Biopsy-confirmed steatosis,lobular inflammation,hepatocyte ballooning,fibrotic liver lesions and hepatic transcriptome changes were similar in ob/ob mice fed the GAN or AMLN diet.C57BL/6J mice developed a mild to moderate fibrotic NASH phenotype when fed the same diets.CONCLUSION Substitution of Primex with palm oil promotes a similar phenotype of biopsyconfirmed NASH in ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice,making GAN diet-induced obese mouse models suitable for characterizing novel NASH treatments. | Michelle L Boland Denise Oro Kirstine S T■lb■l Sebastian T Thrane Jens Christian Nielsen Taylor S Cohen David E Tabor Fiona Fernandes Andrey Tovchigrechko Sanne S Veidal Paul Warrener Bret R Sellman Jacob Jelsing Michael Feigh Niels Vrang James L Trevaskis Henrik H Hansen | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，33： | 3 |
| 16 | National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany显示文摘Background:Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem services.In many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem services.However,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem services.Based on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem services.We use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory data.Results:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(e.g.between both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(e.g.for temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany.No single forest type provided all ecosystem services equally.Some ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(e.g.decomposition or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(e.g.phosphorous availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(e.g.potential nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental conditions.However,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree species.Conclusions:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem services.The importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand level can be compensated by managing forests at the landscape level,when stands of complementary forest types are combined.These results imply that multi-purpose forestry should be based on a variety of forest types requiring coordinated planning across larger spatial scales. | Nadja K.Simons María R.Felipe-Lucia Peter Schall Christian Ammer Jürgen Bauhus Nico Blüthgen Steffen Boch François Buscot Markus Fischer Kezia Goldmann Martin M.Gossner Falk Hänsel Kirsten Jung Peter Manning Thomas Nauss Yvonne Oelmann Rodica Pena Andrea Polle Swen C.Renner Michael Schloter Ingo Schöning Ernst-Detlef Schulze Emily F.Solly Elisabeth Sorkau Barbara Stempfhuber Tesfaye Wubet Jörg Müller Sebastian Seibold Wolfgang W.Weisser | 2021 | Forest Ecosystems2021，8，1： | 2 |
| 17 | The β-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, dramatically improves survival, increases glutamate uptake and induces neurotrophins in stroke显示文摘 | Christa Th?ne-Reineke Christian Neumann Pawel Namsolleck Kristin Schmerbach Maxim Krikov Jan H Schefe Kristin Lucht Heide H?rtnagl Michael Godes Susanne Müller Kay Rumschüssel Heiko Funke-Kaiser Arno Villringer U Muscha Steckelings Thomas Unger | 2008 | Journal of Hypertension2008，，12： | 2 |
| 18 | Genotype-dependent activation or repression of HBV enhancer Ⅱ by transcription factor COUP-TF1显示文摘AIM: To study the expression of HBV enhancer Ⅱ by transcription factor COUP-TF1. METHODS: In order to study the regulation of HBV variants in the vicinity of the NRRE we cloned luciferase constructs containing the HBV enhancer Ⅱ from variants and from HBV genotypes A and D and cotransfected them together with expression vectors for COUP-TF1 into HepG2 cells. RESULTS: Our fi ndings show that enhancer Ⅱ of HBV genotype A is also repressed by COUP-TF1. In contrast, two different enhancer Ⅱ constructs of HBV genotype D were activated by COUP-TF1. The activation was independent of the NRRE because a natural variant with a deletion of nt 1763-1770 was still activated by COUP- TF1. CONCLUSION: Regulation of transcription of the HBV genome seems to differ among HBV genomes derived from different genotypes. These differences in transcriptional control among HBV genotypes may be the molecular basis for differences in the clinical course among HBV genotypes. | Silke F Fischer Katja Schmidt Nicola Fiedler Dieter Glebe Christian Schüttler Jianguang Sun Wolfram H Gerlich Reinald Repp Stephan Schaefer | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，37： | 2 |
| 19 | Adaptive changes of the rat liver cells induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of d-galactosamine显示文摘 | Hideaki Enzan Brigitte H?berle Karin Meinhardt Christian Schuchhardt Herbert K. Koch Rainer Lesch | 1978 | Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology1978，，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling显示文摘Measured and calculated results are presented for the emission properties of a new class of emitters operating in the cavity quantum electrodynamics regime.The structures are based on high-finesse GaAs/AlAs micropillar cavities,each with an active medium consisting of a layer of InGaAs quantum dots(QDs)and the distinguishing feature of having a substantial fraction of spontaneous emission channeled into one cavity mode(highβ-factor).This paper demonstrates that the usual criterion for lasing with a conventional(lowβ-factor)cavity,that is,a sharp non-linearity in the input–output curve accompanied by noticeable linewidth narrowing,has to be reinforced by the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function to confirm lasing.The paper also shows that the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function is useful for recognizing superradiance,a manifestation of the correlations possible in high-βmicrocavities operating with QDs.In terms of consolidating the collected data and identifying the physics underlying laser action,both theory and experiment suggest a sole dependence on intracavity photon number.Evidence for this assertion comes from all our measured and calculated data on emission coherence and fluctuation,for devices ranging from light-emitting diodes(LEDs)and cavity-enhanced LEDs to lasers,lying on the same two curves:one for linewidth narrowing versus intracavity photon number and the other for g(2)(0)versus intracavity photon number. | Sören Kreinberg Weng W Chow Janik Wolters Christian Schneider Christopher Gies Frank Jahnke Sven Höfling Martin Kamp Stephan Reitzenstein 无 | 2017 | Light(Science & Applications)2017，6，1： | 2 |
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