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| 1 | Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: Role in diagnosis, management, and treatment显示文摘Endoscopy plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of inflammatory bowel dis-ease(IBD). Colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy have long been used in the care of patients with IBD. As endoscopic technologies have progressed, tools such as endoscopic ultrasound, capsule endoscopy, and balloon-assisted enteroscopy have expanded the role of endoscopy in IBD. Furthermore, chromoendoscopy has enhanced our ability to detect dys-plasia in IBD. In this review article, we will focus on the roles, indications, and limitations of these tools in IBD. We will also discuss the most commonly used endoscopic scoring systems, as well as special considerations in post-surgical patients. Lastly, we will discuss the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of fistulae and strictures. | Clayton M Spiceland Nilesh Lodhia | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，35： | 23 |
| 2 | Magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer:A surgeon's perspective显示文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in rectal cancer was first investigated in 1999 and has become almost mandatory in planning rectal cancer treatment.MRI has a high accuracy in predicting circumferential resection margin involvement and is used to plan neoadjuvant therapy.The accuracy of MRI in assessing mesorectal lymph nodes remains moderate,as there are no reliable criteria to assess nodal involvement.MRI seems to be good in assessing peritoneal involvement in upper rectal cancer;this however has been assessed in only a few studies and needs further research.For low rectal cancers,mesorectum is thin at the level of levator ani especially in relation to prostate;so predicting circumferential resection margin involvement is not easy.However high spatial resolution coronal imaging shows levator muscles,sphincter complex and intersphincteric plane accurately.This is used to stage low rectal tumors and plan plane of surgery(standard surgery,intersphincteric resection,Extralevator abdominoperineal resection).While most centres perform MRI post chemoradiotherapy,its role in accurate staging post neoadjuvant therapy remains debatable.THe role of Diffusion weighted MRI post neoadjuvant therapy is being evaluated in research settings. | Avanish P Saklani Sung Uk Bae Amy Clayton Nam Kyu Kim | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，8： | 11 |
| 3 | 维生素、矿物质与肉质显示文摘 | 刘建辉 Clayton Gill | 2001 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2001，，5： | 9 |
| 4 | 经腹机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T2期肾肿瘤的国际多中心临床研究显示文摘目的通过国际多中心研究探讨临床T2期肾肿瘤行经腹机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年12月国际19家泌尿中心378例临床T2期肾肿瘤行经腹机器人肾部分切除术和经腹机器人根治性肾切除术患者的临床资料。根据手术方式不同,分为部分切除组和根治组。部分切除组159例,男118例,女41例;年龄(59.3±13.2)岁,体重指数(28.7±5.4) kg/m^2,术前GFR (77.3±22.1)ml/min;肿瘤位于左侧72例,右侧87例;肿瘤直径(83±16)mm;R.E.N.A.L.评分(8.6±2.2)分。根治组219例,男156例,女63例;年龄(62.0±12.9)岁,体重指数(28.7±6.1) kg/m^2,术前GFR (71.4±20.3)ml/min;肿瘤位于左侧112例,右侧105例,双侧2例;肿瘤直径(92±25)mm;R.E.N.A.L.评分(9.7±1.5)分。两组患者性别、体重指数、肿瘤位置的差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。部分切除组患者年龄、肿瘤直径、R.E.N.A.L.评分均低于根治组(P〈0.05),术前GFR优于根治组(P=0.012)。比较两组围手术期资料、肿瘤病理类型、随访时间、复发时间及术后GFR等。结果378例手术均顺利完成。部分切除组手术时间中位值150 min(65-353 min),短于根治组[180 min(85-361 min),P〈0.001],术中出血量中位值150 ml(40-3 000 ml),多于根治组[100 ml (10-1 100 ml),P〈0.001]。术中并发症发生率部分切除组为5.7%(9/159),根治组为3.2%(7/219),两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.240)。部分切除组术后并发症发生率高于根治组[19.5%(31/159)与10.5%(23/219),P=0.014],但≥3级并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义[4.4%(7/159)与2.3%(5/219),P=0.246]。部分切除组无复发生存率高于根治组[91.4%(117/128)与81.9%(167/204),P=0.013]。部分切除组术后GFR降低值16.9 ml/min(10.4-84.7 ml/min)明显少于根治组29.0 ml/min(14.0-54.0 ml/min),肾部分切除术更利于术后肾功能的保护(P〈0.001)。结论临床T2期肾肿瘤行机器人肾部分切除术可获得有效的肿瘤控制率,同时可以更好地保护肾功能,可作为临床T2期肾肿瘤有效的手术方式。 | 过菲 张超 王富博 王林辉 杨庆 叶华茂 吕晨 肖成武 汪洋 Giuseppe Simone Ithaar Derweesh Andrea Minervini Daniel Eun Francesco Porpiglia Sisto Perdona James Porter Matteo Ferro Alexandre Mottrie Robert Uzzo Luigi Schips Wesley White Ken Jacobsohn Prokar Dasgupta Riccardo Autorino Clayton Lau Chandru Sundaram Umberto Capitanio 孙颖浩 杨波 | 2018 | 中华泌尿外科杂志2018，39，6： | 8 |
| 5 | 肝癌乙型肝炎病毒X抗原相关基因的克隆显示文摘目的 观察HepG2细胞因乙型肝炎病毒X抗原 (HBx)转染导致的基因表达差异。 方法①用逆转录病毒感染的方法建立表达乙型肝炎病毒X抗原 (HepG2X)及氯霉素乙酰转移酶 (HepG2Cat)的细胞模型。②用抑制差减杂交的方法做HepG2X和对照细胞 (HepG2Cat)的cDNA文库差示筛选。③用3 2 P随机引物标记法标记探针做NorthernBlot杂交及地高辛缺口翻译标记法做原位分子杂交以筛选基因探针。结果 经cDNA文库差减杂交及抑制性PCR扩增共得到 10个cDNA探针 ,其中 8个被HBx所启动 ,2个因HBx而表达下降。经检测 ,这些基因在HepG2X和对照细胞中的表达均有差异。在被HBx所抑制的 2个差示表达基因中 ,1个与人的蛋白翻译起始因子同源 ,同时发现 ,此基因在正常组织中表达较强 ,而在肿瘤组织中表达被抑制。结论 HBx能够改变宿主细胞的基因表达 。 | 刘杰 LIAN Zhaorui PAN Jinbo Clayton M 胡家露 朱明华 窦科峰 丁杰 吴开春 樊代明 Feitelson M | 2000 | 中华消化杂志2000，20，3： | 7 |
| 6 | 维生素和矿物质可改善畜禽肉质显示文摘 | CLAYTON CILL 王海宏 | 2003 | 中国畜牧兽医2003，30，2： | 7 |
| 7 | Cloning of differentially expressed genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma and nontumor liver显示文摘INTRODUCTIONThe mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still unclear,although some genes have been found to play a role in the transformation of liver cells,and a variety of studies have described differences in gene expression which distinguished tumor from nontumor[1-6].The new genes,especially the functional genes directly related with tumor are still worth being found.The purpose of our study is to find the different genes between human liver tumor and normal tissues using suppression subtractive hybridization. | Xiao-Yan Cao Jie Liu Zhao-Rui Lian Marcy Clayton Jia-Lu Hu Ming-Hua Zh Dai-Ming Fan Mark Feitelson Institute of Digestive Diseases,Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi’an 710033,Shaanxi Province,ChinaDepartment of Pathology & Cell Biology,Thomas Jefferson University,Philadelphia,PA19107 USADepartment of Pathology,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，4： | 7 |
| 8 | A linear programming model for long-term mine planning in the presence of grade uncertainty and a stockpile显示文摘The complexity of an open pit production scheduling problem is increased by grade uncertainty. A method is presented to calculate the cost of uncertainty in a production schedule based on deviations from the target production. A mixed integer linear programming algorithm is formulated to find the mining sequence of blocks from a predefined pit shell and their respective destinations, with two objectives:to maximize the net present value of the operation and to minimize the cost of uncertainty. An efficient clustering technique reduces the number of variables to make the problem tractable. Also, the parameters that control the importance of uncertainty in the optimization problem are studied. The minimum annual mining capacity in presence of grade uncertainty is assessed. The method is illustrated with an oil sand deposit in northern Alberta. | Koushavand Behrang Askari-Nasab Hooman Deutsch Clayton V. | 2014 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2014，24，4： | 5 |
| 9 | Surface Amendments Can Ameliorate Subsoil Acidity in Tea Garden Soils of High-Rainfall Environments显示文摘强烈酸的土壤(pH < 5.0 ) 对茶(山茶 sinensis ) 有害生产和质量。很少信息都不在表面修正案的能力上存在改善在茶花园土壤的心土酸味。A 120-d 温室列沥滤实验用通常可得到的土壤改良物被进行。碱的炉渣(作为) 并且器官的残余,猪粪肥(下午) 和在灰碱度和 C/N 比率不同的油菜籽蛋糕(RC ) 独自并且在联合被合并到土壤列的表面(0-15 厘米)(10 厘米内部的直径 ×
50 厘米长) 从 Ultisol 的酸的土壤层(15-30 厘米) 与土壤收拾行李(起始的 pH = 4.4 ) 。在 120-d 实验期间,土壤列被浇(在 9 应用上的大约 127 公里) 根据长期的平均数,年度降雨(1 143 公里) 和 leachates 镇定、分析。在实验的结束,土壤列被划分成各种各样的深度,土壤的化学性质被测量。有更高的 C/N 比率的下午增加了心土 pH,而有更低的 C/N 比率的 RC 减少了心土 pH。然而,联合了有的修正案独自修正案比也减少心土酸味的一个极有能力。心土的 pH 的增加主要被归功于到减少的基础阳离子集中和在溶解的器官的碳(文档) 和从修改的层被沥滤在下面的硝酸盐的固定在场的器官的阴离子的分解。一重要(P < 0.05 ) 在碱度生产之间的关联(减少的可交换的酸味 -N 周期碱度) 并且碱度平衡(网碱度生产 -N 周期碱度) 在实验的结束被观察。另外,联合了显著地增加的修正案(P < 0.05 ) 心土阳离子集中和减少的心土艾尔浸透(P < 0.05 ) 。联合应用就象表面的器官的修正案,土壤在在高降雨的区域减少心土酸味是有效的。在地条件下面并且在更长的 timeframes 上的进一步的调查被需要充分在改善理解他们的实际有效性在自然地发生沥滤下面的更深的土壤层的酸味政体。 | WANG Lei Clayton R. BUTTERLY CHEN Qiuhui MU Zhibo WANG Xia XI Yunguan ZHANG Jibing XIAO Xingji | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，2： | 5 |
| 10 | 共轭亚油酸在奶牛业中的应用——能承载多元市场目标吗?显示文摘共轭亚油酸(简称CLA),是牛奶和肉的天然成分,它具有抗癌、控制肥胖和糖尿病的作用,对人类健康有益。饲料工业研究得最多的CLA异构体是9顺11反异构体。为了生产全天然健康食品,人们从学术和商业开发上都作了许多努力,通过饲喂,将其融入牛奶和肉中。然而,近年来,奶牛科学家又聚焦到另一种CLA异构体——10反12顺异构体。饲喂这种特殊的异构体,能显著地降低乳脂的百分比和绝对量,而不影响饲料的摄入、牛奶蛋白质量以及整个产奶量。 | Clayton Gill Peter Best 刘绍伟(译) 戴求仲(校) | 2006 | 湖南饲料2006，，5： | 4 |
| 11 | Diagnosis in bile acid-CoA:Amino acid N-acyltransferase deficiency显示文摘Cholate-CoA ligase(CCL) and bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase(BAAT) sequentially mediate bile-acid amidation.Defects can cause intrahepatic cholestasis.Distinction has required gene sequencing.We assessed potential clinical utility of immunostaining of liver for CCL and BAAT.Using commercially available antibodies against BAAT and CCL,we immunostained liver from an infant with jaundice,deficiency of amidated bile acids,and transcription-terminating mutation in BAAT.CCL was normally expressed.BAAT expression was not detected.Immunostaining may facilitate diagnosis in bileacid amidation defects. | Nedim Hadzi Laura N Bull Peter T Clayton AS Knisely | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，25： | 3 |
| 12 | Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults is Associated with IgG4 and Not Mediated by IgE显示文摘 | Frederic Clayton John C. Fang Gerald J. Gleich Alfredo J. Lucendo Jose M. Olalla Laura A. Vinson Amy Lowichik Xinjian Chen Lyska Emerson Kristen Cox Molly A. O’Gorman Kathryn A. Peterson | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，： | 3 |
| 13 | 应对颠覆性变革的挑战显示文摘一个组织如果面临重大变革.在所有可能采取的方式中,最糟糕的或许就是对当前的组织进行大刀阔斧的调整。 | 克莱顿·克里斯滕森(Clayton M.Christensen) 迈克尔·奥弗多尔夫(Michael Overdorf) 陈媛熙(翻译) | 2006 | 商业评论2006，，5： | 3 |
| 14 | Plant Carbonic Anhydrases: Structures, Locations, Evolution, and Physiological Roles显示文摘碳的 anhydrases (CA ) 是锌 metalloenzymes 催化公司 2 和 HCO 3 的互变现象并且在自然是无所不在的。更高的植物包含三个 evolutionarily 不同的 CA 家庭, CA, CA,和 CA,在每个家庭被多重 isoforms 在所有种类代表的地方。CA 抄本的其他的拼接显得普通;因而,在种的功能的 CA isoforms 的数字可以超过基因的数字。CA 在众多的植物纸巾并且在不同细胞的地点被表示。最流行的 CA 是在叶绿体, cytosol,和线粒体的那些。在地点的这差异是在 CA 在植物起的许多生理、生物化学的作用的 paralleled。在在 C 3, C 的 CA 的这评论,数字和类型, 4, 和 crassulacean 酸新陈代谢(凸轮) 植物被考虑,并且 and CA 的角色简短被讨论。评论的剩余物集中于植物 CA 并且用种系发生的途径包括在种类之间的相当或相同的事物的鉴定,考虑内部 -- 并且蛋白质的细胞内部的本地化,与为选择的证据一起拼接形式。CA 织物特定的表示模式的当前的理解并且什么控制他们被考察,并且 CA 为被含有的生理的角色被介绍。 | Robert J. DiMario Harmony Clayton Ananya Mukhedee Martha Ludwig James V. Moroney | 2017 | Molecular Plant2017，10，1： | 3 |
| 15 | 精氨酸酶I在HCV转染肝癌细胞增殖中的作用显示文摘目的:研究丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)基因组转染的肝癌细胞中精氨酸酶Ⅰ的表达及其意义,探究其在HCV-肝细胞肝癌(HCC)发病中的作用。方法:以转染HCV基因组的人肝癌细胞系(Huh7)为研究对象,采用蛋白印迹技术研究HCV基因组转染对细胞内精氨酸酶Ⅰ表达的影响;运用小干扰RNA(siRNA)技术抑制细胞精氨酸酶Ⅰ表达,并探讨其对细胞生长的影响及作用机制。结果:精氨酸酶Ⅰ在HCV阳性肝癌细胞系(Huh7-HCV)中的表达上调,且与对照细胞相比,Huh7-HCV细胞的精氨酸酶Ⅰ含量升高4.3倍。运用siRNA抑制细胞精氨酸酶Ⅰ表达,可明显抑制细胞生长并导致其死亡,且可使细胞周期发生明显改变。结论:精氨酸酶Ⅰ在HCV阳性肝细胞Huh7中表达上调,可能对促进Huh7-HCV细胞生长具重要意义。 | 曹文俊 Bill Sun 连兆瑞 Marcy Clayton Mark Feitelson 樊绮诗 | 2007 | 诊断学理论与实践2007，6，4： | 3 |
| 16 | 饲料是否达到最佳的粉碎粒度——从饲料效率、消化道健康和加工成本方面来调整饲料颗粒大小显示文摘合适的饲料粒度会影响饲料效率、消化道健康和加工成本。饲料颗粒的尺寸及均匀度非常重要,这取决于饲料类型、动物的预期生产性能和饲料厂的加工能力。生产猪和家禽的浓缩料和全价料的最佳饲料粒度也是需要考虑的因素。 | CLAYTON GILL 韩立明(译) 骆利欢(译) 秦江帆(校) | 2007 | 广东饲料2007，16，2： | 3 |
| 17 | 感染土拨鼠乙肝病毒的小鼠非瘤组织与肝细胞癌的差异表达基因显示文摘目的 确定土拨鼠HBV引发的肝癌组织和非癌组织中差异表达的基因。方法 通过抑制消减杂交法克隆土拨鼠HBV引发的肝癌组织和非癌组织中差异表达的基因 ;对差异表达基因进行DNA序列测定后于GeneBank内分析其同源性 ;应用原位杂交确定差异基因在肝癌组织和非癌组织中的特异性表达。结果 通过抑制消减杂交共得到了 14条肿瘤组织差异表达的基因片段。其中 ,肿瘤组织和非瘤组织共有的 8条基因与GeneBank中的已知基因同源 ,肿瘤组织来源的 5条基因和非瘤组织来源的 1条基因在GeneBank中未找到同源基因。原位杂交差异基因在肝癌组织和非癌组织中均为特异性表达。结论 通过抑制消减杂交获得了 14条肝癌组织和非癌组织差异表达的基因 。 | 曹晓燕 刘杰 连兆瑞 Marcy Clayton 胡加露 朱明华 樊代明 Mark Feitelson | 2001 | 陕西肿瘤医学2001，9，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Nano-enabled cellular engineering for bioelectric studies显示文摘Engineered cells have opened up a new avenue for scientists and engineers to achieve specialized biological functions.Nanomaterials,such as silicon nanowires and quantum dots,can establish tight interfaces with cells either extra-or intracellularly,and they have already been widely used to control cellular functions.The future exploration of nanomaterials in cellular engineering may reveal numerous opportunities in both fundamental bioelectric studies and clinic applications.In this review,we highlight several nanomaterials-enabled non-genetic approaches to fabricating engineered cells.First,we briefly review the latest progress in engineered or synthetic cells,such as protocells that create cell-like behaviors from nonliving building blocks,and cells made by genetic or chemical modifications.Next,we illustrate the need for non-genetic cellular engineering with semiconductors and present some examples where chemical synthesis yields complex morphology or functions needed for biointerfaces.We then provide discussions in detail about the semiconductor nanostructure-enabled neural,cardiac,and microbial modulations.We also suggest the need to integrate tissue engineering with semiconductor devices to carry out more complex functions.We end this review by providing our perspectives for future development in non-genetic cellular engineering. | Jiuyun Shi Clementene Clayton Bozhi Tian | 2020 | Nano Research2020，13，5： | 2 |
| 19 | Absorbing boundary conditions for wave equation Migration显示文摘 | Clayton R Engquist B | 1980 | Geophysics1980，45，： | 2 |
| 20 | 近期呼吸道感染与心血管疾病风险间关系初探显示文摘 | Clayton TC Thompson M Meade TW 袁志敏(摘译) 刘运德(校) | 2008 | 心血管病学进展2008，29，5： | 2 |
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