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| 1 | Characterization of six tumorsuppressor genes and microsatellite instability in hepatocellular carcinomain southern African blacks显示文摘AIM To analyse cumulative loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomal regions and tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from 20 southern African blacks. METHODS p53, RB1, BRCA1, BRCA2, WT1 and E cadherin genes were analysed for LOH, and p53 gene was also analysed for the codon 249 mutation, in tumor and adjacent non tumorous liver tissues using molecular techniques and 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. RESULTS p53 codon 249 mutation was found in 25% of the subjects, as was expected, because many patients were from Mozambique, a country with high aflatoxin B 1 exposure. LOH was found at the RB1, BRCA2 and WT1 loci in 20%(4/*!20) of the HCCs, supporting a possible role of these genes in HCC. No LOH was evident in any of the remaining genes. Reports of mutations of p53 and RB1 genes in combination, described in other populations, were not confirmed in this study. Change in microsatellite repeat number was noted at 9/*!10 microsatellite loci in different HCCs, and changes at two or more loci were detected in 15%(3/*!20) of subjects. CONCLUSION We propose that microsatellite/genomic instability may play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of HCCs in black Africans. | Martins C Kedda MA Kew MC | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，6： | 21 |
| 2 | 皮质下小血管病诊断的共识声明显示文摘血管性认知损害是用于描述一组涉及大血管和小血管的散发性和遗传性异质性疾病的诊断术语。皮质下小血管病可导致腔隙性梗死和进行性白质损害。被称为宾斯旺格病(Binswanger's disease, BD)的进行性白质损害患者构成了从单纯血管性疾病到合并神经变性病变的疾病谱。BD患者是一个相对同质性的亚组,存在缺氧缺血、腔隙性梗死和炎症,它们协同作用破坏血脑屏障和髓鞘。通过临床、脑脊液、神经心理学和影像学检查获得的多模式疾病标记物能促进该亚组患者的鉴别。本共识声明确定了一系列基于基础病理学改变的潜在生物学标记物,这将有助于诊断以及将来协作性治疗试验的患者选择。 | Gary A Rosenberg Anders Wallin Joanna M Wardlaw Hugh S Markus Joan Montaner Leslie Wolfson Costantino Iadecola Berislav V Zlokovic Anne Joutel Martin Dichgans Marco Duering Reinhold Schmidt Amos D Korczyn Lea T Grinberg Helena C Chui Vladimir Hachinski 王训师 张劼 陈涵丰 俞娅美 徐子奇 罗本燕 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016，24，6： | 18 |
| 3 | Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of hypersplenism: A feasible therapeutic option显示文摘We present a case of a patient with hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension due to hepato-splenic schistosomiasis, which was accompanied by severe and refractory thrombocytopenia. We performed spleen ablation and measured the total spleen and ablated volumes with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and volumetry. No major complications occurred, thrombocytopenia was resolved, and platelet levels remained stable, which allowed for early treatment of the patient's underlying disease. Previous work has shown that splenic radiofrequency ablation is an attractive alternative treatment for hypersplenism induced by liver cirrhosis. We aimed to contribute to the currently sparse literature evaluating the role of radiofrequency ablation(RFA) in the management of hypersplenism. We conclude that splenic RFA appears to be a viable and promising option for the treatment of hypersplenism. | Guilherme Lopes P Martins Joao Paulo G Bernardes Marcello S Rovella Raphael G Andrade Publio Cesar C Viana Paulo Herman Giovanni Guido Cerri Marcos Roberto Menezes | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，20： | 17 |
| 4 | VEGF-D expression correlates with colorectal cancer aggressiveness and is downregulated by cetuximab显示文摘AIM:To gain mechanistic insights into the role played by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS:The impact of high-level expression of the growth factor receptors EGFR and VEGF receptor (VEGFR)3 and the VEGFR3 ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D on disease progression and prognosis in human CRC was investigated in 108 patients using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the expression of the lymphangiogenic factors in response to the modulation of EGFR signalling by the EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody cetuximab was investigated at the mRNA and protein level in human SW480 and SW620 CRC cell lines and a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS: Human CRC specimens and cell lines displayed EGFR, VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression with varying intensities. VEGF-C expression was associated with histological grade. Strong expression of VEGF-D was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and linked to a trend for decreased survival in lymph node-positive patients. EGFR blockade with cetuximab resulted in a significant decrease of VEGF-D expression in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, the expression of VEGF-D in colorectal tumours is significantly associated with lymphatic involvement in CRC patients and such expression might be blocked effectively by cetuximab. | Markus Moehler Christian Frings Annett Mueller Ines Gockel Carl C Schimanski Stefan Biesterfeld Institute of Pathology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55101 Germany Peter R Galle Martin H Holtmann | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，26： | 15 |
| 5 | Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial growth factor receptor up-regulation during progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma显示文摘瞄准:在整个 Barretts 食管的前进调查 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 ) 和上皮的生长因素受体(EGFR ) 的表示() 。方法:COX-2 和 EGFR 蛋白质表情被使用免疫检测组织化学的方法。详细 cytomorphological 改变的 A 是坚定的。COX-2 和 EGFR 表示的区域被使用计算机成像系统确定。结果:COX-2 和 EGFR 的表情与前进一起增加了从到食管腺癌(EAC ) 。积极关联在 COX-2 表示和 EGFR 表示之间被发现。结论:COX-2 和 EGFR 可能在逐步的前进从是合作的到 EAC,从而导致致癌作用。 | Yan Li John M Wo Mukunda B Ray Whitney Jones Ruifeng R Su Susan Ellis Robert C G Martin | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，6： | 14 |
| 6 | Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis显示文摘Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. EPS is most commonly associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, though medications, peritoneal infection, and systemic inflammatory disorders have been implicated. Many cases remain idiopathic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder combined with non-specific symptoms and laboratory findings. Although cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography of the abdomen can be suggestive of the disorder, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis. Mortality approaches 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for EPS involves treating the underlying condition or eliminating possible inciting agents(i.e. peritoneal dialysis, medications, infections) and nutritional support, frequently with total parenteral nutrition. EPSspecific treatment depends on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice, while in the fibrotic stage, tamoxifen may be beneficial. In practice, distinguishing between stages may be difficult and both may be used. Surgical intervention, consisting of peritonectomy and enterolysis, is timeconsuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in which conservative medical therapy fails in institutions with surgical expertise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but potentially devastating disease. | Christopher J Danford Steven C Lin Martin P Smith Jacqueline L Wolf | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，28： | 13 |
| 7 | Endoscopic ultrasound evaluation in the surgical treatment of duodenal and peri-ampullary adenomas显示文摘AIM:To investigate endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) for predicting depth of mucosal invasion and to analyze outcomes following endoscopic and transduodenal resection.METHODS:Records of 111 patients seen at our institution from November 1999 to July 2011 with the postoperative pathological diagnosis of benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas were reviewed.Records of patients who underwent preoperative EUS for diagnostic purposes were identified.The accuracy of EUS in predicting the absence of muscular invasion was assessed by comparing EUS reports to the final surgical pathological results.In addition,the incidence of the post-operative complications over a period of 30 d and the subsequent long-term outcome(recurrence) over a period of 30 mo associated with endoscopic and transduodenal surgical resection was recorded,compared and analyzed.RESULTS:Among 111 patients with benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas,47 underwent preoperative EUS for 29 peri-ampullary lesions and 18 duodenal lesions.In addition,computed tomography was performed in 18 patients,endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in 10 patients and esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 22 patients.There were 43 patients with sporadic adenomas and 4 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)/other polyposis syndromes.In 38(81%,P < 0.05) patients,EUS reliably identified absence of submucosal and muscularis invasion.In 4 cases,EUS underestimated submucosal invasion that was proven by pathology.In the other 5 patients,EUS predicted muscularis invasion which could not be demonstrated in the resected specimen.EUS predicted tumor muscularis invasion with a specificity of 88% and negative predictive value of 90%(P < 0.05).Types of resection performed included endoscopic resection in 22 cases,partial duodenectomy in 9 cases,transduodenal ampullectomy with sphincteroplasty in 10 cases and pancreaticoduodenectomy in 6 cases.The main post-operative final pathological results included villous adenoma(n = 5),adenoma(n = 8),tubulovillous adenoma(n = 10),tubular adenoma(n = 20) and hyperplastic polyp(n = 2).Among the 47 patients who underwent resection,8(17%,5 of which corresponded to surgical resection) developed post-procedural complications which included retroperitoneal hematoma,intra-abdominal abscess,wound infection,delayed gastric emptying and prolonged ileus.After median followup of 20 mo there were 6 local recurrences(13%,median follow-up = 20 mo) 4 of which were in patients with FAP.CONCLUSION:EUS accurately predicts the depth of mucosal invasion in suspected benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas.These patients can safely undergo endoscopic or local resection. | Lilian C Azih Brett L Broussard Milind A Phadnis Martin J Heslin Mohamad A Eloubeidi Shayam Varadarajulu Juan Pablo Arnoletti | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，4： | 13 |
| 8 | Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine:An ethnopharmacological,biophysical chemical and medicinal review显示文摘Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates(including human bile)have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)beginning with dog,ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty(c.1046-256 BCE).Overall,different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver,biliary,skin(including burns),gynecological and heart diseases,as well as diseases of the eyes,ears,nose,mouth and throat.We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin,as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides.All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from the rich collection of ancient Chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in China and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20th century collected via library(Harvard’s Countway Library)and electronic searches(PubMed and Google Scholar).Our analysis of ethnomedical data and information on biliary chemistry shows that specific bile salts,as well as the common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus the minor components of bile such as vitamins A,D,E,K,as well as melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)are salutary in improving liver function,dissolving gallstones,inhibiting bacterial and viral multiplication,promoting cardiac chronotropsim,as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory,anti-pyretic,anti-oxidant,sedative,anti-convulsive,anti-allergic,anti-congestive,anti-diabetic and anti-spasmodic effects.Pig,wild boar and human biles diluted with alcohol were shown to form an artificial skin for burns and wounds one thousand years ago in the Tang dynasty(618-907 CE).Although various animal biles exhibit several generic effects in common,a number of biles appear to be advantageous for specific therapeutic indications.We attempt to understand these effects based on the pharmacology of individual components of bile as well as attempting to identify a variety of future research needs. | David Q-H Wang Martin C Carey | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，29： | 11 |
| 9 | Capecitabine and irinotecan with and without bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine plus irinotecan±bevacizumab in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer patients. METHODS:Forty six patients with previously untreated,locally-advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) were recruited between 2001-2006 in a prospective open-label phaseⅡtrial,in German community-based outpatient clinics.Patients received a standard capecitabine plus irinotecan(CAPIRI) or CAPIRI plus bevacizumab(CAPIRI-BEV) regimen every 3 wk. Dose reductions were mandatory from the first cycle in cases of>grade 2 toxicity.The treatment choice of bevacizumab was at the discretion of the physician.Theprimary endpoints were response and toxicity and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS:In the CAPIRI group vs the CAPRI-Bev group there were more female than male patients(47% vs 24%) ,and more patients had colon as the primary tumor site(58.8%vs 48.2%) with fewer patients having sigmoid colon as primary tumor site(5.9%vs 20.7%) .Grade 3/4 toxicity was higher with CAPIRI than CAPIRI-Bev:82%vs 58.6%.Partial response rates were 29.4%and 34.5%,and tumor control rates were 70.6%and 75.9%,respectively.No complete responses were observed.The median progression-free survival was 11.4 mo and 12.8 mo for CAPIRI and CAPIRI-Bev,respectively.The median overall survival for CAPIRI was 15 mo(458 d) and for CAPIRI-Bev 24 mo(733 d) .These differences were not statistically different.In the CAPIRI-Bev,group,two patients underwent a full secondary tumor resection after treatment,whereas in the CAPIRI group no cases underwent this procedure. CONCLUSION:Both regimens were well tolerated and offered effective tumor growth control in this outpatient setting.Severe gastrointestinal toxicities and thromboembolic events were rare and if observed were never fatal. | Markus Moehler Martin F Sprinzl Murad Abdelfattah Carl C Schimanski Bernd Adami Werner Godderz Klaus Majer Dimitri Flieger Andreas Teufel Juergen Siebler Thomas Hoehler Peter R Galle Stephan Kanzler | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，4： | 10 |
| 10 | An epigenomic approach to therapy for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer显示文摘Tamoxifen 是为雌激素受体 alpha 的前线治疗(ERα) 在绝经前的女人的积极的胸肿瘤。然而,到 tamoxifen 的抵抗发生在许多病人。嗯仍然与获得的 tamoxifen 抵抗在乳癌房间的生长起一个关键作用,建议那 ERα为治疗仍然是一个有效目标 tamoxifen 抵抗(Tam-R ) 乳癌。以识别 ERα 的新奇管理者;发信号,通过对 histone 甲基修饰词的一幅小规模的 siRNA 屏幕,我们发现了 WHSC1, histone H3K36 methyltransferase, ERα 的一个积极管理者;在乳癌房间发信号。我们证明 WHSC1 被招募到 ERα由 BET 蛋白质 BRD3/4 的基因,并且便于 ERα基因表示。小分子的赌注蛋白质禁止者 JQ1 potently 压制了经典 ERα发信号的小径和在文化的 Tam-R 乳癌房间的生长。用一个 Tam-R 乳癌异种皮移植老鼠模型,我们与 JQ1 和 ER degrader fulvestrant 由 JQ1 和联合治疗的强壮的长持续的效果在 vivo 反胸癌症活动示威了。一起拿,我们提供 epigenomic 蛋白质 BRD3/4 和 WHSC1 是雌激素受体发信号的必要管理者并且是为 Tam-R 乳癌的治疗的新奇治疗学的目标的证据。 | Qin Feng Zheng Zhang Martin J Shea Chad J Creighton Cristian Coarfa Susan G Hilsenbeck Rainer Lanz Bin He Lei Wang Xiaoyong Fu Agostina Nardone Yongcheng Song James Bradner Nicholas Mitsiades Constantine S Mitsiades C Kent Osborne Rachel Schiff Bert W O'Malley | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，7： | 10 |
| 11 | Use of secondary preventive medications in patients with atherosclerotic disease in urban China: a cross-sectional study of 16 860 patients显示文摘 | LI Jing CHEN Yi-ping LI Xi Jane Armitage FENG Fang LIU Jia-min GAO Yan ZHANG Hai-bo ZHANG Dan HUNDEI Wuhan-bilige CHEN Zheng-ming CHEN Fang Jemma C Hopewell Elsa Valdes-Marquez Martin Landray JIANG Li-xin | 2012 | Chinese Medical Journal2012，，24： | 10 |
| 12 | Near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node detection in gastric cancer: A pilot study显示文摘AIM: To investigate feasibility and accuracy of nearinfrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green: nanocolloid for sentinel lymph node(SLN) detection in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, phaseI feasibility trial was conducted. Patients suffering from gastric cancer and planned for gastrectomy were included. During surgery, a subserosal injection of 1.6 m L ICG:Nanocoll was administered around the tumor. NIR fluorescence imaging of the abdominal cavity was performed using the Mini-FLARE? NIR fluorescence imaging system. Lymphatic pathways and SLNs were visualized. Of every detected SLN, the corresponding lymph node station, signal-to-background ratio and histopathological diagnosis was determined. Patients underwent standard-of-care gastrectomy. Detected SLNs outside the standard dissection planes were also resected and evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Four patients were excluded because distant metastases were found during surgery or due to technical failure of the injection. In 21 of the remaining 22 patients, at least 1 SLN was detected by NIR Fluorescence imaging(mean 3.1 SLNs; range 1-6). In 8 of the 21 patients, tumor-positive LNs were found. Overall accuracy of the technique was 90%(70%-99%; 95%CI), which decreased by higher p T-stage(100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 0% for respectively Tx, T1, T2, T3, T4 tumors). All NIR-negative SLNs were completely effaced by tumor. Mean fluorescence signal-to-background ratio of SLNs was 4.4(range 1.4-19.8). In 8 of the 21 patients, SLNs outside the standard resection plane were identified, that contained malignant cells in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: This study shows successful use of ICG:Nanocoll as lymphatic tracer for SLN detection in gastric cancer. Moreover, tumor-containing LNs outside the standard dissection planes were identified. | Quirijn RJG Tummers Leonora SF Boogerd Wobbe O de Steur Floris PR Verbeek Martin C Boonstra Henricus JM Handgraaf John V Frangioni Cornelis JH van de Velde Henk H Hartgrink Alexander L Vahrmeijer | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，13： | 9 |
| 13 | Stem cell treatment and cerebral palsy: Systemic review and meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Perinatal complications may result in life-long morbidities,among which cerebral palsy(CP)is the most severe motor disability.Once developed,CP is a nonprogressive disease with a prevalence of 1-2 per 1000 live births in developed countries.It demands an extensive and multidisciplinary care.Therefore,it is a challenge for our health system and a burden for patients and their families.Recently,stem cell therapy emerged as a promising treatment option and raised hope in patients and their families.AIM The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell treatment in children with CP using a systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed and EMBASE to find randomized controlled clinical trials(RCT)investigating the effect of stem cell transplantation in children with CP.After the review,we performed a randomeffects meta-analysis focusing on the change in gross motor function,which was quantified using the gross motor function measure.We calculated the pooled standardized mean differences of the 6-and/or 12-mo-outcome by the method of Cohen.We quantified the heterogeneity using the I-squared measure.RESULTS We identified a total of 8 RCT for a qualitative review.From the initially selected trials,5 met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.Patients’population ranged from 0.5 up to 35 years(n=282).We detected a significant improvement in the gross motor function with a pooled standard mean difference of 0.95(95%confidence interval:0.13-1.76)favoring the stem cell group and a high heterogeneity(I2=90.1%).Serious adverse events were rare and equally distributed among both intervention and control groups.CONCLUSION Stem cell therapy for CP compared with symptomatic standard care only,shows a significant positive effect on the gross motor function,although the magnitude of the improvement is limited.Short-term safety is present and further highquality RCTs are needed. | Simone Eggenberger Céline Boucard Andreina Schoeberlein Raphael Guzman Andreas Limacher Daniel Surbek Martin Mueller | 2019 | World Journal of Stem Cells2019，11，10： | 8 |
| 14 | Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections:The importance of the intestinal microbiota显示文摘Clostridium difficile infections(CDI)are a leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial diarrhea.Despite effective antibiotic treatments,recurrent infections are common.With the recent emergence of hypervirulent isolates of C.difficile,CDI is a growing epidemic with higher rates of recurrence,increasing severity and mortality.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is an alternative treatment for recurrent CDI.A better understanding of intestinal microbiota and its role in CDI has opened the door to this promising therapeutic approach.FMT is thought to resolve dysbiosis by restoring gut microbiota diversity thereby breaking the cycle of recurrent CDI.Since the first reported use of FMT for recurrent CDI in 1958,systematic reviews of case series and case report have shown its effectiveness with high resolution rates compared to standard antibiotic treatment.This article focuses on current guidelines for CDI treatment,the role of intestinal microbiota in CDI recurrence and current evidence about FMT efficacy,adverse effects and acceptability. | Marie Céline Zanella Terrier Martine Louis Simonet Philippe Bichard Jean Louis Frossard | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 5 |
| 15 | Colorectal liver metastases: Current management and future perspectives显示文摘The liver is the commonest site of metastatic disease for patients with colorectal cancer,with at least 25%developing colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)during the course of their illness.The management of CRLM has evolved into a complex field requiring input from experienced members of a multi-disciplinary team involving radiology(cross sectional,nuclear medicine and interventional),Oncology,Liver surgery,Colorectal surgery,and Histopathology.Patient management is based on assessment of sophisticated clinical,radiological and biomarker information.Despite incomplete evidence in this very heterogeneous patient group,maximising resection of CRLM using all available techniques remains a key objective and provides the best chance of long-term survival and cure.To this end,liver resection is maximised by the use of downsizing chemotherapy,optimisation of liver remnant by portal vein embolization,associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,and combining resection with ablation,in the context of improvements in the functional assessment of the future remnant liver.Liver resection may safely be carried out laparoscopically or open,and synchronously with,or before,colorectal surgery in selected patients.For unresectable patients,treatment options including systemic chemotherapy,targeted biological agents,intraarterial infusion or bead delivered chemotherapy,tumour ablation,stereotactic radiotherapy,and selective internal radiotherapy contribute to improve survival and may convert initially unresectable patients to operability.Currently evolving areas include biomarker characterisation of tumours,the development of novel systemic agents targeting specific oncogenic pathways,and the potential reemergence of radical surgical options such as liver transplantation. | Jack Martin Angelica Petrillo Elizabeth C Smyth Nadeem Shaida Samir Khwaja HK Cheow Adam Duckworth Paula Heister Raaj Praseedom Asif Jah Anita Balakrishnan Simon Harper Siong Liau Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis Emmanuel Huguet | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2020，11，10： | 5 |
| 16 | Anterior ankle arthrodesis显示文摘Ankle arthrodesis is a common procedure that resolves many conditions of the foot and ankle; however, complications following this procedure are often reported and vary depending on the fixation technique. Various techniques have been described in the attempt to achieve ankle arthrodesis and there is much debate as to the efficiency of each one. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of anterior plating in ankle arthrodesis using customised and Synthes Tomo Fix plates. We present the outcomes of 28 ankle arthrodeses between 2005 and 2012, specifically examining rate of union, patient-reported outcomes scores, and complications. All 28 patients achieved radiographic union at an average of 36 wk; the majority of patients(92.86%) at or before 16 wk, the exceptions being two patients with Charcot joints who were noted to have bony union at a three year review. Patient-reported outcomes scores significantly increased(P < 0.05). Complications included two delayed unions as previously mentioned, infection, and extended postoperative pain. With multiple points for fixation and coaxial screw entry points, the contoured customised plate offers added compression and provides a rigid fixation for arthrodesis stabilization. | Gordon L Slater Stephanie C Sayres Martin J O'Malley | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，1： | 5 |
| 17 | Helicobacter pylori infection prevents allergic asthma in mouse models through the induction of regulatory T cells显示文摘 | Arnold Isabelle C Dehzad Nina Reuter Sebastian Martin Helen Becher Burkhard Taube Christian Müller Anne | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，8： | 4 |
| 18 | Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial显示文摘 | Roger Stupp Monika E Hegi Warren P Mason Martin J van den Bent Martin JB Taphoorn Robert C Janzer Samuel K Ludwin Anouk Allgeier Barbara Fisher Karl Belanger Peter Hau Alba A Brandes Johanna Gijtenbeek Christine Marosi Charles J Vecht Karima Mokhtari Piet | 2009 | Lancet Oncology2009，，5： | 4 |
| 19 | Season of the year influences infection rates following total hip arthroplasty显示文摘AIM To research the influence of season of the year on periprosthetic joint infections.METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the entire Medicare files from 2005 to 2014. Seasons were classified as spring, summer, fall or winter. Regional variations were accounted for by dividing patients into four geographic regions as per the United States Census Bureau(Northeast, Midwest, West and South). Acute postoperative infection and deep periprosthetic infections within 90 d after surgery were tracked. RESULTS In all regions, winter had the highest incidence of periprosthetic infections(mean 0.98%, SD 0.1%) and was significantly higher than other seasons in the Midwest, South and West(P < 0.05 for all) but not the Northeast(P = 0.358). Acute postoperative infection rates were more frequent in the summer and were significantly affected by season of the year in the West.CONCLUSION Season of the year is a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection following total hip arthroplasty(THA). Understanding the influence of season on outcomes following THA is essential when risk-stratifying patients to optimize outcomes and reduce episode of care costs. | Samuel Rosas Alvin C Ong Leonard T Buller Karim G Sabeh Tsun yee Law Martin W Roche Victor H Hernandez | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，12： | 4 |
| 20 | Bcl-x_L and Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 contribute to apoptosis resistance of colorectal cancer cells显示文摘AIM: To explore the role of Bcl-xL and Myeloid cell leukaemia (Mcl)-1 for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells towards current treat-ment modalities. METHODS: Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein ex-pression were analyzed in CRC cell lines as well as human CRC tissue by Western blot,quantitative PCRand immunohistochemistry. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein expression was knocked down or increased in CRC cell lines by applying specific siRNAs or expression plas-mids,respectively. After modulation of protein expres-sion,CRC cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents,an antagonistic epidermal growth factor recep-tor (EGFR1) antibody,an EGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibi-tor,or with the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed. RESULTS: Here we show that in human CRC tis-sue and various CRC cell lines both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed. Bcl-xL expression was higher in CRC tissue than in surrounding non-malignant tissue,both on protein and mRNA level. Mcl-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in ma-lignant tissues. However,protein expression was slightly higher. Viability rates of CRC cells were significantly decreased after knock down of Bcl-xL expression,and,to a lower extent,after knock down of Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore,cells with reduced Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 expression was more sensitive towards oxaliplatin-and irinotecan-induced apoptosis,and in the case of Bcl-xL also towards 5-FU-induced apoptosis. On the other hand,upregulation of Bcl-xL by transfec-tion of an expression plasmid decreased chemothera-peutic drug-induced apoptosis. EGF treatment clearly induced Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in CRC cells. Apop-tosis induction upon EGFR1 blockage by cetuximab or PD168393 was increased by inhibiting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL expression. More strikingly,CD95-and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was increased by Bcl-xL knock down. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that Bcl-xL and,to a lower extent,Mcl-1,are important anti-apoptotic factors in CRC. Specific downregulation of Bcl-xL is a promising approach to sensitize CRC cells towards chemotherapy and targeted therapy. | Henning Schulze-Bergkamen Roland Ehrenberg Lothar Hickmann Binje Vick Toni Urbanik Christoph C Schimanski Martin R Berger Arno Schad Achim Weber Steffen Heeger Peter R Galle Markus Moehler | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，24： | 4 |
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