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| 1 | Esophageal tissue engineering:A new approach for esophageal replacement显示文摘A number of congenital and acquired disorders require esophageal tissue replacement.Various surgical techniques,such as gastric and colonic interposition,are standards of treatment,but frequently complicated by stenosis and other problems.Regenerative medicine approaches facilitate the use of biological constructs to replace or regenerate normal tissue function.We review the literature of esophageal tissue engineering,discuss its implications,compare the methodologies that have been employed and suggest possible directions for the future.Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Library,National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched with the following search terms:stem cell and esophagus,esophageal replacement,esophageal tissue engineering,esophageal substitution.Reference lists of papers identified were also examined and experts in this field contacted for further information.All full-text articles in English of all potentially relevant abstracts were reviewed.Tissue engineering has involved acellular scaffolds that were either transplanted with the aim of being repopulated by host cells or seeded prior to transplantation.When acellular scaffolds were used to replace patch and short tubular defects they allowed epithelial and partial muscular migration whereas when employed for long tubular defects the results were poor leading to an increased rate of stenosis and mortality.Stenting has been shown as an effective means to reduce stenotic changes and promote cell migration,whilst omental wrapping to induce vascularization of the construct has an uncertain benefit.Decellularized matrices have been recently suggested as the optimal choice for scaffolds,but smart polymers that will incorporate signalling to promote cell-scaffold interaction may provide a more reproducible and available solution.Results in animal models that have used seeded scaffolds strongly suggest that seeding of both muscle and epithelial cells on scaffolds prior to implantation is a prerequisite for complete esophageal replacement.Novel approaches need to be designed to allow for peristalsis and vascularization in the engineered esophagus.Although esophageal tissue engineering potentially offers a real alternative to conventional treatments for severe esophageal disease,important barriers remain that need to be addressed. | Giorgia Totonelli Panagiotis Maghsoudlou Jonathan M Fishman Giuseppe Orlando Tahera Ansari Paul Sibbons Martin A Birchall Agostino Pierro Simon Eaton Paolo De Coppi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 5 |
| 2 | White matter disease and sleep-disordered breathing after acute stroke 显示文摘 | Harbison J Gibson GJ Birchall D | 2003 | Neurology2003，61，7： | 1 |
| 3 | Copolymerization of peptide derived monomers and methyl methacrylate 显示文摘 | Birchall A C Bush S M Noah M | 2001 | Polymer2001，42，： | 1 |
| 4 | Physical stability and in vitro gene statement efficiency of nebulised lipid-peptide-DNA complexes 显示文摘 | Birchall J C Kellaway I W Gumbleton M | 2000 | Int Pharm2000，197，： | 1 |
| 5 | Evaluation of magnetic reso- nance myelography in the investigation of cervical spondylotic radicu- lopathy 显示文摘 | Birchall D Connelly D Walker L | 2003 | Br Radio12003，908，： | 1 |
| 6 | On the architecture and function of cuttlefish bone显示文摘 | BIRCHALL J D THOMAS N L | 1983 | J Mater Sci1983，18，： | 1 |
| 7 | Laryngeal abductor muscle reinnervation in a pig model显示文摘 | BIRCHALL M IDOWU B MURISON P | 2004 | Acta Otolaryngol2004，124，： | 1 |
| 8 | Tongue transplantation显示文摘 | Birchall M | 2004 | Lancet2004，363，9422： | 1 |
| 9 | Measurement of vertebral rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging显示文摘 | Birchall D Hughes DG Hindle J | 1997 | Spine1997，22，20： | 1 |
| 10 | Primary CD4^+T-cell responses rovide both helper and cytotoxic functions during Epstein-barr virus infection and transformation of fetal cord blood B cells显示文摘 | Macarthur GJ Wilson AD Birchall MA | 2007 | J Virol2007，81，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Localization of matrix metalloproteinases 1 in cholesteatoma and deep meatal skin显示文摘 | Banerjee AR Jones JL Birchall JP | 2001 | Otol Neurotol2001，22，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Graves ophthalmopathy: intracranial fat prolapse on CT images as all indicator of optic nerve compression显示文摘 | Birchall D Goodall KL Noble JL | 1996 | Radiology1996，200，： | 1 |
| 13 | Analysis of haemodynamic disturbance in the atherosclerotic carotid artery using computational fluid dynamics显示文摘 | BIRCHALL D ZAMAN A HACKER J | 2006 | Eur Radiol2006，16，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a novel series of pyrimidines as potent inhibitors of TBK1/IKKε kinases显示文摘 | Edward G. McIver Justin Bryans Kristian Birchall Jasveen Chugh Thomas Drake Stephen J. Lewis Joanne Osborne Ela Smiljanic-Hurley William Tsang Ahmad Kamal Alison Levy Michelle Newman Debra Taylor J. Simon C. Arthur Kristopher Clark Philip Cohen | 2012 | Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters2012，，23： | 1 |
| 15 | Efficacy fo cytokine genetransfection may differ for autologousandallogeneic tumor cell vaccines显示文摘 | Birchall LJ Erlich R | 2001 | Immunology2001，102，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Cutaneous gene expression of plasmid DNA in excised human skin following delivery via microchannels created by radio frequency ablation显示文摘 | BIRCHALL J COULMAN S ANSTEY A | 2006 | Int JPharm2006，312，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Basic fibroblast growth factor from human keratinocytes is a natural mitogen for melanocytes显示文摘 | Halaban R Langdon R Birchall N | 1988 | J Cell Biolog1988，107，4： | 1 |
| 18 | The retarding action of sugars on cement hydration 显示文摘 | Thomas N L Birchall J D | 1983 | Cement and Concrete Research1983，13，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Use of high-resolution MRI of the optic nerve in Graves′ophthalmopathy显示文摘 | Dodds NI Atcha AW Birchall D | 2009 | Br J Radiol2009，82，979： | 1 |
| 20 | Reduced production of interleukin 12 by interferon gamma primed alveolar macrophages from atopic asthmatic subjects显示文摘 | Plummeridge MJ Armstrong L Birchall MA | 2000 | Thorax2000，55，10： | 1 |
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