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| 1 | 评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数显示文摘[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数:缺血性心脏病(IHD)、脑血管疾病(脑卒中)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌(LC)。建立急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染(AAP)、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟(AS)等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应(IER)模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数(PAFs)。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为:IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。 | Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin Gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes Nigel G.Bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.Gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014，31，11： | 80 |
| 2 | 循证指南:弥散和灌注MRI在急性缺血性卒中诊断中的作用美国神经病学学会治疗和技术评价委员会的报告显示文摘目的 评价弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)和灌注加权成像(perfusionweighted imaging PWI)在急性缺血性卒中患者诊断中应用的证据.方法 对1966年至2008年1月期间有关DWI和PWI诊断和预后价值的文献进行系统分析.结果和推荐 对于发病12 h内的急性缺血性卒中的诊断,DWI已被确认为有效的评价手段,且其诊断价值应高于非增强CT.为了最准确地诊断急性缺血性卒中,应进行DWI(A级推荐);然而,在疑似急性卒中患者的总体样本中,DWI诊断缺血性卒中的敏感性并不完美.DWI诊断脑出血的准确性不在本指南的范围之内.根据Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级证据,基线DWI体积可预测前循环卒中的基线卒中严重程度(B级推荐),但不能预测椎基底动脉系统卒中的基线卒中严重程度(C级推荐).基线DWI病变体积可预测(最终)梗死体积(B级推荐),并且有可能预测早期和远期临床转归(C级推荐).与DWI相比,基线PWI体积预测基线卒中严重程度的价值较小(C级推荐).尚无足够的证据支持或反对PWI在急性缺血性卒中诊断中的价值(U级推荐). | P.D. Schellinger R.N. Bryan L.R. Caplan J.A. Detre R.R. Edelman C. Jaigobin C.S. Kidwell J.P. Mohr M. Sloan A.G. Sorensen S. Warach 章娟娟(译) 王国颖(译) 汪凯(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，18，11： | 38 |
| 3 | 青藏高原东北部隆升:来自宁夏同心小洪沟剖面的证据显示文摘青藏高原边界地区的研究,尤其是砾石研究,对探讨青藏高原的隆升过程及隆升机制具有重要意义。本文选取青藏高原东北部香山山前小洪沟剖面,对出露的新生界各层位的砾石进行统计。统计结果显示,该剖面寺口子组上段、红柳沟组下段、红柳沟组上段、第四系以及现今河床出露的砾石成分主要为砂岩和石英砂岩,这与香山地区岩性相符合;砾石主要呈次圆状和次棱角状;长短轴比主要为1~2之间,为近圆状;砾石主要集中在中砾和小砾类别;分选好至中等好。砾石粒径分布显示出向细粒成分偏的特征,主要呈尖峰正态分布。这些特征表明各层位砾石相似的搬运过程,为中距离山前河流冲积砾石。沉积分析表明该砾石与气候振荡无必然联系,为构造隆升的产物。砾石沉积年龄由邻区磁性地层定年结果来限定。砾石特征结合邻区沉积分析表明香山地区在寺口子组沉积时(始新世)已具有相当大的高程;至清水营组沉积时(渐新世),该山体被剥蚀夷平;到红柳沟组沉积时(中新世早、中期),香山经历了再次的隆升;至干河沟组沉积时(中新世晚期到上新世),构造趋于稳定;到更新世时,再次出现隆升事件。始新世香山山体可能与晚白垩世至新生代早期的构造事件有关,中新世的隆升时间可以作为印-藏碰撞效应到达香山地区的时限,显示青藏高原东北边界新生代的变形隆升时间较前人研究结果早,且存在多期隆升。 | 林秀斌 陈汉林 Karl-Heinz WYRWOLL 程晓敢 王旭龙 付可昂 廖林 肖骏 Bryan KRAPEZ | 2009 | 地质学报2009，83，4： | 25 |
| 4 | Outcomes of severe sepsis and septic shock patients after stratifi cation by initial lactate value显示文摘BACKGROUND: In the setting of severe sepsis and septic shock, mortality increases when lactate levels are ≥ 4 mmol/L. However, the consequences of lower lactate levels in this population are not well understood. The study aimed to determine the in-hospital mortality associated with severe sepsis and septic shock when initial lactate levels are < 4 mmol/L.METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of septic patients admitted over a 40-month period. Totally 338 patients were divided into three groups based on initial lactate values. Group 1 had lactate levels < 2 mmol/L; group 2: 2–4 mmol/L; and group 3: ≥ 4 mmol/L. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS: There were 111 patients in group 1, 96 patients in group 2, and 131 in group 3. The mortality rates were 21.6%, 35.4%, and 51.9% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed the mortality differences to be statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated higher odds of death with higher lactate tier group, however the findings did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSION: This study found that only assignment to group 3, initial lactic acid level of ≥ 4 mmol/L, was independently associated with increased mortality after correcting for underlying severity of illness and organ dysfunction. However, rising lactate levels in the other two groups were associated with increased severity of illness and were inversely proportional to prognosis. | Kimberly A. Chambers Adam Y. Park Rosa C. Banuelos Bryan F. Darge Bindu H. Akkanti Annamaria Macaluso Manoj Thangam Pratik B. Doshi | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，2： | 26 |
| 5 | 工业工程课程的最新沿革显示文摘简要回顾了传统工业工程课程的发展历史,分析了传统工业工程课程的五大局限。之后,根据当代产业的特点和发展需求,以及工业工程学科本身发展的需要,提出了具有现代化活力的工业工程新课程。新课程具有六大特点,其目的是培养学生成为符合现代生产和制造特点的工业工程师。 | 郭位 Bryan Deuermeyer 谭芙蓉 | 2005 | 工业工程与管理2005，10，2： | 24 |
| 6 | C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces显示文摘Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial biomass.Natural cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient supply.Methods:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and potassium.Soil and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced respiration.Linear regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient limitation.Results:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with P.The molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient ratios.Microbial growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added P.Conclusions:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary production.Our results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(i.e.homeostatic)under near optimum soil conditions.Soils with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with P.Relative changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site. | Bryan S Griffiths Annette Spilles Michael Bonkowski | 2012 | Ecological Processes2012，1，1： | 23 |
| 7 | Nickel-exposed Workers in China: A Cohort Study显示文摘There are more than 50 000 workers in Jinchuan Group Co,Ltd(JNMC).Since all staff in JNMC are eligible for a medical examination every two years,only 23 484 nickel-exposed subjects who participated in medical examination were included in this study.Their data,collected from June 22,2011 to September 28,2012,in a | BAI Ya Na YAGN Ai Min PU Hong Quan HE Jie CHENG Ning ZHENG Tong Zhang DAI Min ZHANG Ya Wei BASSING Bryan WANG Qiu Ying | 2014 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2014，27，3： | 20 |
| 8 | 美国康复医疗现状与思考显示文摘2009年9月至2010年9月,笔者作为访问学者到美国纽约大学Rusk康复医院访问学习,对美国康复医疗现状有了一定的了解,现将学习体会报告如下。美国康复医学的“三级医疗网”一、美国医疗保险支付制度对康复医疗的导向作用美国康复医疗体系的建立离不开美国医疗保险支付制度的建立和发展,甚至整个医疗体系都在医疗保险制度的主导下, | 欧海宁 Bryan J O’Young | 2011 | 中华物理医学与康复杂志2011，33，6： | 16 |
| 9 | INCIPIENT MOTION OF NON-COHESIVE SEDIMENT UNDER ICE COVER-AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY显示文摘Based on a series of experiments under both ice-covered and free surface conditions, the present article discusses the role of flow velocity and critical shear Reynolds number for incipient motion of bed material. The influence of the resistance coefficients of both the underside of the ice cover and the channel bed on the location of the maximum velocity has been discussed. In addition, the impacts of ice and composite resistance coefficients on flow velocity for incipient motion of bed material have been assessed. The diagram describing the critical shear Reynolds number and the dimensionless shear stress for the incipient motion of sediment under ice covered conditions with different under cover resistance coefficient has been established. The effects of grain size on densimetric Froude number for incipient motion of bed material have been investigated. A relationship between the densimetric Froude number for incipient motion of bed material and the median grain size of bed material as well as the roughness coefficient of channel bed and roughness coefficient of ice cover has been established. | WANG Jun SUI Jue-yi KARNEY Bryan W. | 2008 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2008，20，1： | 15 |
| 10 | 肌筋膜痛综合征基于脊髓节段性敏感的诊断和治疗(一)显示文摘 | Bryan O Young Hy Dubo Andrew A. Fischer 谢斌 王宁华 李建军 | 2009 | 中国康复理论与实践2009，15，6： | 15 |
| 11 | Household air pollution and lung cancer in China:a review of studies in Xuanwei显示文摘Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading risk factor for global disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and mid-income countries. This is a particularly serious problem in China, where many people in rural areas still use coal for household heating and cooking. This review focuses on several decades of research carried out in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, where household coal use is a major source of household air pollution and where studies have linked household air pollution exposure to high rates of lung cancer. We conducted a series of case-control and cohort studies in Xuanwei to characterize the lung cancer risk in this population and the factors associated with it. We found lung cancer risk to vary substantially between different coal types, with a higher risk associated with smoky(i.e., bituminous) coal use compared to smokeless(i.e., anthracite) coal use. The installation of a chimney in homes resulted in a substantial reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality. Overall, our research underscores the need among existing coal users to improve ventilation, use the least toxic fuel, and eventually move toward the use of cleaner fuels, such as gas and electricity. | Wei Jie Seow Wei Hu Roel Vermeulen H.Dean Hosgood III George S.Downward Robert S.Chapman Xingzhou He Bryan A.Bassig Christopher Kim Cuiju Wen Nathaniel Rothman Qing Lan | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，10： | 15 |
| 12 | Regulation of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/microRNA 156 Module by the Homeodomain Proteins PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis显示文摘开花期的形态学被调整花说明的时间、空间的事件部分地调整。在 Arabidopsis,一条内长的 flowering 时间小径由 SQUAMOSA 倡导者绑定的一个子集调停了像蛋白质(系统程序设计语言) 包括 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5,抄写因素工作由激活花的分裂组织身份基因指定花。在射击开发期间, SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 被 microRNA156 (miR156 ) post-transcriptionally 调整。光周期调整了 florigenic 信号, FLOWERING 地点 T (英尺) ,支持花的正式就职,部分地由激活 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5。接着,这些系统程序设计语言与英尺同时工作指定花分裂组织。二相关象 BELL1 一样 homeobox 基因 PENNYWISE (PNY ) 并且省小钱吃大亏(PNF ) 在射击表示了顶端的分裂组织绝对为花的分裂组织的说明被要求。基因研究证明英尺的花的说明功能取决于 PNY 和 PNF;然而,在这些 homeodomain 蛋白质和系统程序设计语言之间的相互影响不被知道。在这张手稿,我们证明 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 的花的正式就职是的 photoperiodic 依赖于 PNY 和 PNF。进一步, PNY 和 PNF 也由否定地调整 miR156 控制 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 表示。最后, SPL4 的宫外的表示部分救 pny pnf non-flower-producing 显型,当在 pny pnf 植物的 SPL3 或 SPL5 的 overexpression 是不能的恢复花说明时。这些结果建议那:(1 ) SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 功能依赖于 PNY 和 PNF,或(2 ) 多重系统程序设计语言的表示在 pny pnf 植物为花的说明被要求。 | Shruti Lal Leo Bryan Pacis Harley M.S. Smith | 2011 | Molecular Plant2011，4，6： | 13 |
| 13 | Updated Analysis of SWOG-Directed Intergroup Study 0116: A Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Radiochemotherapy Versus Observation After Curative Gastric Cancer Resection显示文摘 | Stephen R. Smalley Jacqueline K. Benedetti Daniel G. Haller Scott A. Hundahl Norman C. Estes Jaffer A. Ajani Leonard L. Gunderson Bryan Goldman James A. Martenson J. Milburn Jessup Grant N. Stemmermann Charles D. Blanke John S. Macdonald | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Oncology2012，，19： | 13 |
| 14 | 浅议非英语专业英语口语教学改革显示文摘非英语专业学生口语能力有待提高。如何提高学生的口语水平始终是英语教学中的难点和重点。传统教学模式下的大学英语教学束缚了学生学习潜能的发挥。大学英语教学模式的改革可以考虑采用“任务型教学法”。任务型教学模式是20年来交际教学思想的一种发展形态,它把语言运用的基本理念转化为具有实践意义的课堂教学模式。本研究将任务型教学理念应用于非英语专业英语口语教学之中,通过对任务型教学理论的定义、特征和理论基础等方面的阐析,提出任务型口语教学的总体设计思路和具体教学改革措施。 | 吴雪松 Hany Messiha Bryan Wells Ann Vlietinck | 2006 | 江苏技术师范学院学报2006，12，3： | 10 |
| 15 | 内蒙锡林浩特晚石炭世辉长质岩体的成因:陆内伸展背景下富水地幔源区熔融的产物显示文摘内蒙中部晚石炭世岩浆活动的成因及动力学背景对于揭示古亚洲洋俯冲和兴蒙造山带演化的具有重要意义。本文选取锡林浩特南部晚石炭世辉长质侵入体为研究对象,开展高精度SIMS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析,旨在讨论其岩石成因,为制约兴蒙造山带的演化和理解深部流体循环过程提供更多信息。辉长质岩体样品的锆石CL图像呈弱环状结构、条带状或岩浆生长带(Th/U=0. 3~2. 5)。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,锡林浩特辉长质岩体的侵位年龄为316. 9±2. 2Ma,为兴蒙造山带晚石炭世区域性岩浆活动的产物。该岩体经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用,但受堆晶作用和地壳物质混染作用的影响较小;同时具有较低的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0. 7034~0. 7041),但相对高的εNd(t)(+5. 58~+6. 88)和εHf(t)值(+12. 07~+13. 44),并显示Rb、Sr、U和Pb等流体活动性元素相对富集,但Nb和Ta等非流体活动性元素相对亏损的特征,暗示其起源于遭受含水流体交代富集的地幔源区。流体交代富集作用很可能发生在源区部分熔融过程中或者在部分熔融之前较短的时间内,即反映较为年轻的交代事件。锡林浩特辉长闪长岩具有相对较高的Si O_2(51. 7%~53. 2%)、Cr (138. 4×10^(-6)~757. 2×10^(-6))和Ni (50. 4×10-6~141. 1×10^(-6))含量以及Zn/Fe比值(10. 8~11. 5),但相对较低的Al2O3(13. 1%~16. 8%)含量,暗示源区可能富含斜方辉石,由橄榄岩+辉石岩脉组成。通过对比总结兴蒙造山带晚石炭世岩浆岩岩石组合的地球化学特征以及其他地质资料,本文认为古亚洲洋在晚石炭世之前已经闭合,而锡林浩特辉长质岩体形成于陆内伸展的构造背景。结合同期玄武岩母岩浆的高含水量特征(高达4. 41%),本文认为锡林浩特及其邻区晚石炭世岩浆活动是遭受地幔转换带滞留俯冲板块析出富水流体交代的地幔源区部分熔融的产物,从而建立了深部流体循环过程与造山后伸展背景下岩浆活动的成因联系。 | 庞崇进 王选策 温淑女 Krapez Bryan 王炎阳 廖闻 | 2018 | 岩石学报2018，34，10： | 10 |
| 16 | Mouse models in male fertility research显示文摘男不孕的基因原因的有限知识导致了很少处理并且指向了治疗学的选择。尽管识别引起变化的不孕的理想的途径是在人的人口进行研究,这条途径由于此处描述的限制慢慢地进行了。给男富饶的复杂性,全部过程不能在 vitro 被建模。因此,动物当模特儿,特别地老鼠模型,为基因鉴定和试验提供一种珍贵选择。自从在动物模型生产的分子的生物学和最近的进展的介绍,在与许多疾病联系的基因的鉴定和描述有实质的加速,包括不孕。老鼠模型的三种主要类型通常在生物医学的研究被使用,包括 knockout/knockin/gene-trapped,转基因、导致化学药品的点异种老鼠。使用这些老鼠模型,在为男富饶的 400 基因必需品上被揭示了。然而,几千基因涉及男富饶的复杂过程的规定,这被估计了,当许多如此的基因尚待被描绘。当前的评论绝非是这些鼠标模型,的一张全面的表相当,它包含鼠标模型怎么推进了我们出生后的细菌房间开发和男富饶规定的知识的例子。 | Duangporn Jamsai Moira K O'Bryan | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，1： | 10 |
| 17 | Current Status and Future Challenges of Weather Radar Polarimetry: Bridging the Gap between Radar Meteorology/Hydrology/Engineering and Numerical Weather Prediction显示文摘After decades of research and development, the WSR-88 D(NEXRAD) network in the United States was upgraded with dual-polarization capability, providing polarimetric radar data(PRD) that have the potential to improve weather observations,quantification, forecasting, and warnings. The weather radar networks in China and other countries are also being upgraded with dual-polarization capability. Now, with radar polarimetry technology having matured, and PRD available both nationally and globally, it is important to understand the current status and future challenges and opportunities. The potential impact of PRD has been limited by their oftentimes subjective and empirical use. More importantly, the community has not begun to regularly derive from PRD the state parameters, such as water mixing ratios and number concentrations, used in numerical weather prediction(NWP) models.In this review, we summarize the current status of weather radar polarimetry, discuss the issues and limitations of PRD usage, and explore potential approaches to more efficiently use PRD for quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting based on statistical retrieval with physical constraints where prior information is used and observation error is included. This approach aligns the observation-based retrievals favored by the radar meteorology community with the model-based analysis of the NWP community. We also examine the challenges and opportunities of polarimetric phased array radar research and development for future weather observation. | Guifu ZHANG Vivek N.MAHALE Bryan J.PUTNAM Youcun QI Qing CAO ANDrew D.BYRD Petar BUKOVCIC Dusan S.ZRNIC Jidong GAO Ming XUE Youngsun JUNG Heather D.REEVES Pamela L.HEINSELMAN AlexANDer RYZHKOV Robert D.PALMER Pengfei ZHANG Mark WEBER Greg M.MCFARQUHAR Berrien MOORE III Yan ZHANG Jian ZHANG J.VIVEKANANDAN Yasser AL-RASHID Richard L.ICE Daniel S.BERKOWITZ Chong-chi TONG Caleb FULTON Richard J.DOVIAK | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，6： | 9 |
| 18 | On the Radiative Properties of Ice Clouds:Light Scattering, Remote Sensing,and Radiation Parameterization显示文摘Presented is a review of the radiative properties of ice clouds from three perspectives: light scattering simulations, remote sensing applications, and broadband radiation parameterizations appropriate for numerical models. On the subject of light scattering simulations, several classical computational approaches are reviewed, including the conventional geometric-optics method and its improved forms, the finite-difference time domain technique, the pseudo-spectral time domain technique, the discrete dipole approximation method, and the T-matrix method, with specific applications to the computation of the singlescattering properties of individual ice crystals. The strengths and weaknesses associated with each approach are discussed.With reference to remote sensing, operational retrieval algorithms are reviewed for retrieving cloud optical depth and effective particle size based on solar or thermal infrared(IR) bands. To illustrate the performance of the current solar- and IR-based retrievals, two case studies are presented based on spaceborne observations. The need for a more realistic ice cloud optical model to obtain spectrally consistent retrievals is demonstrated. Furthermore, to complement ice cloud property studies based on passive radiometric measurements, the advantage of incorporating lidar and/or polarimetric measurements is discussed.The performance of ice cloud models based on the use of different ice habits to represent ice particles is illustrated by comparing model results with satellite observations. A summary is provided of a number of parameterization schemes for ice cloud radiative properties that were developed for application to broadband radiative transfer submodels within general circulation models(GCMs). The availability of the single-scattering properties of complex ice habits has led to more accurate radiation parameterizations. In conclusion, the importance of using nonspherical ice particle models in GCM simulations for climate studies is proven. | Ping YANG Kuo-Nan LIOU Lei BI Chao LIU Bingqi YI Bryan A.BAUM | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，1： | 9 |
| 19 | Hardfacing steel with nanostructured coatings of Stellite-6 by supersonic laser deposition显示文摘The ability to manufacture coatings is critical to engineering design. Many components require the application of additional layers toenhance mechanical properties and protect against hostile environments. Supersonic laser deposition (SLD) is a novel coating methodbased on cold spray (CS) principles. In this technique, the deposition velocities can be significantly lower than those required foreffective bonding in CS applications. The addition of laser heat energy permits a change in the thermodynamic experience of impactingparticles, thereby offering a greater opportunity for efficient bonding at lower velocities as compared with the CS process. The workreported in this paper demonstrates the ability of the SLD process to deliver hardfacing materials to engineering surfaces. Stellite-6 hasbeen deposited on low-carbon steel tubes over a range of process parameters to establish the appropriate target power and traversespeeds for the coating formation. The coating properties and parameters were examined to determine the primary characteristics andgrain structure size. Their morphology and performance were studied through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction, hardness measurements and wear testing. The results have shown that SLD is capable of depositing layers ofStellite-6, with properties that are superior to those of their conventionally manufactured counterparts. | Rocco Lupoi Andrew Cockburn Chris Bryan Martin Sparkes Fang Luo William O’Neill | 2012 | Light(Science & Applications)2012，1，1： | 8 |
| 20 | 来华医学留学生儿科临床技能学教学模式的改革与发展显示文摘近年来,我国医学教育取得令人瞩目的成绩,越来越多的外国学生选择至我国医学院校接受本科及研究生医学教育。在此过程中,临床技能是医学生由医学理论过渡到临床实践的必学知识,因此我国医学院校对来华医学留学生的临床技能学教育较为重视。本校教务处在国内本科生教学的基础上,通过总结既往留学生临床技能教学的经验教训,成立了专门的课程教学组(课程组),建设了以临床思维培训为导向的临床技能学课程体系,取得较好的效果,现报道如下。 | 徐元敏 刘景仑 BRYAN R S ANDREW T 亢胜男 张丹 | 2019 | 重庆医学2019，48，12： | 8 |
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