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| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | Propofol vs midazolam sedation for elective endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials显示文摘BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis frequently require sedation for elective endoscopic procedures.Several sedation protocols are available,but choosing an appropriate sedative in patients with cirrhosis is challenging.AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare propofol and midazolam for sedation in patients with cirrhosis during elective endoscopic procedures in an attempt to understand the best approach.METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines.Electronic searches were performed using MEDLINE,EMBASE,Central Cochrane,LILACS databases.Only randomized control trials(RCTs)were included.The outcomes studied were procedure time,recovery time,discharge time,and adverse events(bradycardia,hypotension,and hypoxemia).The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized trials(RoB-2).Quality of evidence was evaluated by GRADEpro.The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager.RESULTS The search yielded 3,576 records.Out of these,8 RCTs with a total of 596 patients(302 in the propofol group and 294 in the midazolam group)were included for the final analysis.Procedure time was similar between midazolam and propofol groups(MD:0.25,95%CI:-0.64 to 1.13,P=0.59).Recovery time(MD:-8.19,95%CI:-10.59 to-5.79,P<0.00001).and discharge time were significantly less in the propofol group(MD:-12.98,95%CI:-18.46 to-7.50,P<0.00001).Adverse events were similar in both groups(RD:0.02,95%CI:0-0.04,P=0.58).Moreover,no significant difference was found for bradycardia(RD:0.03,95%CI:-0.01 to 0.07,P=0.16),hypotension(RD:0.03,95%CI:-0.01 to 0.07,P=0.17),and hypoxemia(RD:0.00,95%CI:-0.04 to 0.04,P=0.93).Five studies had low risk of bias,two demonstrated some concerns,and one presented high risk.The quality of the evidence was very low for procedure time,recovery time,and adverse events;while low for discharge time.CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis based on RCTs show that propofol has shorter recovery and patient discharge time as compared to midazolam with a similar rate of adverse events.These results suggest that propofol should be the preferred agent for sedation in patients with cirrhosis. | John Alexander Lata Guacho Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Igor Braga Ribeiro Alberto Machado da Ponte Neto Shailendra Singh Marina Gammaro Baldavira Tucci Wanderley Marques Bernardo Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura | 2020 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2020，12，8： | 4 |
| 3 | Loss of p53 in Enterocytes Generates an Inflammatory Microenvironment Enabling Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis of Carcinogen-Induced Colorectal Tumors显示文摘 | Sarah Schwitalla Paul K. Ziegler David Horst Valentin Becker Irina Kerle Yvonne Begus-Nahrmann André Lechel K. Lenhard Rudolph Rupert Langer Julia Slotta-Huspenina Franz G. Bader Olivia Prazeres da Costa Markus F. Neurath Alexander Meining Thomas Kirchner | 2013 | Cancer Cell2013，，： | 2 |
| 4 | Forskolin and 3-ibobutylmethylxanthine increase basal and sodium nitroprusside elevated cyclic GMP levels in adult guinea pig cerebellar slices显示文摘 | Hernandez F Alexander SPH Kendall DA | 1994 | J Neurochem1994，62，： | 1 |
| 5 | The Antioxidant Activity of Coumarins and Flavonoids显示文摘 | Guilherme Borges Bubols Damiana da Rocha Vianna Alexander Medina-Remon Gilsane von Poser Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventos Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima Solange Cristina Garcia | 2013 | Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry2013，，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy past present and future显示文摘 | Osbome DA Alexander G Boe B | 2006 | Surg Technol Int2006，15，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Sample to sample car- ryover:a source of analytical laboratory error and its rel- evance to integrated clinical chemistry/immunoassay sygtems显示文摘 | Armbruster DA Alexander DB | 2006 | Clin Chim Acta2006，373，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy:past,present and future显示文摘 | Osbome DA Alexander G Boe B | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 9 | Congenital fistulas of the lower lip 显示文摘 | Soricelli DA Bell L Alexander WA | 1966 | Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol1966，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: past, present, and future显示文摘 | Osbome DA Alexander G Boe B | 2006 | Surg Technol Int2006，15，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Racial disparities in pregnancy out- come;the role of prenatal care utilization and maternal risk status 显示文摘 | Alexander GR Comely DA | 1987 | Am J Prev Med1987，3，： | 1 |
| 12 | Enteral nutrition ssupport显示文摘 | Abrahama N Alexander DA | 2005 | Nutrition2005，21，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Laparoscopic cholecystecto my:past,present,and future显示文摘 | Osbome DA Alexander G Boe B | 2006 | Surg Technol Int2006，15，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Xenophagy in herpes simplex virus replication and pathogenesis显示文摘 | Alexander DE Leib DA | 2008 | Autophagy2008，4，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Sample to sample ca- rryover:a source of analytical laboratory error and its relevance to integrated clinical chemistry/immunoas- say systems显示文摘 | Armbruster DA Alexander DB | 2006 | Clin Chim Acta2006，373，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy:past,present,and future显示文摘 | Osborne DA Alexander G Boe B | 2006 | Surg Technol Int2006，15，： | 1 |
| 17 | Laparoscopic cholecytectomy;past,present,and future显示文摘 | Osborne DA Alexander G Boe B | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: past, present, and future显示文摘 | Osborne DA Alexander G Boe B | 2006 | Surg Teehnol Int2006，15，： | 1 |
| 19 | Laparoscopic chol- ecystectomy: past, present, and future 显示文摘 | Osborne DA Alexander G Boe B | 2006 | Surg Technol Int2006，15，： | 1 |
| 20 | Novel application of the 'doubly labeled' water method:measuring CO2 production and the tissue-specific dynamics of lipid and protein in vivo显示文摘 | Bederman IR Dufner DA Alexander JC | | 0，，05： | 1 |
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