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| 1 | Choledocholithiasis: Evolving standards for diagnosis and management显示文摘胆石病,导致外科的干预的最普通的医药条件之一,在美国影响成年人口的约 10 % 。胆总管石病与胆囊石头在大约病人的 10%-20% 发展,文学建议至少经历胆囊炎的病人的 3%-10% 将有胆总管(CBD ) 石头。CBD 石头可以外科手术前地, intraoperatively 或手术后地被发现多重形式为包括实验室测试,超声,计算断层摄影术扫描(CT ) ,和磁性的回声 cholangiopancreatography (MRCP ) 为胆总管石病估计病人是可得到的。Intraoperative 胆管造影术能习惯性地或有选择地在胆囊炎期间被使用诊断 CBD 石头。为 CBD 石头的最普通的干预是 ERCP。另外的通常使用的干预包括 intraoperative 胆汁管探索,任何一个 laparoscopic 或 open。经皮, transhepatic 石头移动胆汁的清理的另外的新奇技术被设计了。与这些技术灵巧的设备和有技能的专业人员的可获得性在机构之中变化。预定干预被临床的状况经常支配。 | Marilee L Freitas Robert L Bell Andrew J Duffy | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,20: | 30 |
| 2 | 6 舌癌与其他部位口腔癌患者的生存率是否不同?显示文摘口腔鳞癌治疗技术的发展,使依照发病部位判断患者预后变得愈加闲惑。该文旨在回顾口腔鳞癌患者的治疗效果.并确定发病部位是否为患者生存率或无瘤生存率的预后因素。方法:对1993~2003年间233例手术切除的OSCC患者进行回顾性研究,将病例分为2组,舌癌73例,其他部位152例,应用Cox模型对2组的生存率进行比较。对切缘阳性、低分化、侵袭性和晚期患者术后辅助放疗或放化疗。对患者的人口统计学资料、发病部位、肿瘤分期、病理学特点、治疗方法及生存资料进行记录,并应用描述性及Kaplan—Meier曲线进行分析,以确定肿瘤局部控制率和患者无瘤生存率的预后因素。 | Bell RB Kademani D Homer L | 2007 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2007,5,2: | 11 |
| 3 | 唾液腺恶性肿瘤患者的处理及结果显示文摘先进的影像学技术、外束照射、中子束治疗及化疗已改变了人们对唾液腺恶性肿瘤患者的治疗策略。虽然对此类患者目前仍首选外科手术,但对最佳治疗方案仍未达成共识。该文介绍了作者应用手术、放疗、化疗治疗唾液腺恶性肿瘤的经验,并对治疗效果进行回顾,以期找到一个判断患者生存率及原发灶局部控制率的预后指标。对1992—2002年间在其医学院接受治疗的85例唾液腺恶性肿瘤患者行回顾性研究,对数据资料应用描述性统计法进行分析, | Bell RB Dierks E J Homer L | 2005 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2005,3,3: | 10 |
| 4 | Dietary and metabolomic determinants of relapse in ulcerative colitis patients: A pilot prospective cohort study显示文摘AIM To identify demographic, clinical, metabolomic, and lifestyle related predictors of relapse in adult ulcerative colitis(UC) patients.METHODS In this prospective pilot study, UC patients in clinical remission were recruited and followed-up at 12 mo to assess a clinical relapse, or not. At baseline information on demographic and clinical parameters was collected. Serum and urine samples were collected for analysis of metabolomic assays using a combined direct infusion/liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resolution spectroscopy. Stool samples were also collected to measure fecal calprotectin(FCP). Dietary assessment was performed using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Twenty patients were included(mean age: 42.7 ± 14.8 years, females: 55%). Seven patients(35%) experienced a clinical relapse during the follow-up period. While 6 patients(66.7%) with normal body weight developed a clinical relapse, 1 UC patient(9.1%) who was overweight/obese relapsed during the follow-up(P = 0.02). At baseline, poultry intake was significantly higher in patients who were still in remission during follow-up(0.9 oz vs 0.2 oz, P = 0.002). Five patients(71.4%) with FCP > 150 μg/g and 2 patients(15.4%) with normal FCP(≤ 150 μg/g) at baseline relapsed during the follow-up(P = 0.02). Interestingly, baseline urinary and serum metabolomic profiling of UC patients with or without clinical relapse within 12 mo showed a significant difference. The most important metabolites that were responsible for this discrimination were trans-aconitate, cystine and acetamide in urine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone in serum. CONCLUSION A combination of baseline dietary intake, fecal calprotectin, and metabolomic factors are associated with risk of UC clinical relapse within 12 mo. | Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshtel iFloris F van den Brand Karen L Madsen Rupasri Mandal Rosica ValchevaKaren I Kroeker Beomsoo Han Rhonda C Bell Janis Cole Thomas Hoevers David S Wishart Richard N Fedorak Levinus A Dieleman | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017,23,21: | 9 |
| 5 | Evolution of surgical skills training显示文摘外科的训练正在变化:100 年传统被法律、道德的担心为耐心的安全,工作小时限制,手术室时间的费用,和复杂并发症正在质问。训练的外科的模拟和技巧提供一个机会在在生活病人上尝试他们前在手术室环境外面教并且练习先进技巧。当使用真实仪器和录像设备操作在一个盒子训练员模仿了“织物”,模拟训练能向前是同样直的。更先进的、虚拟现实模拟器现在为普遍使用可得到、准备好了。早系统表明了他们的有效性和歧视的能力。更新的系统启用全面课程和完整的程序的模拟的开发。医药教育是的毕业生的认证委员会(ACGME ) 要求了训练和评估的新奇方法的发展。外科的组织正在打电话让方法保证技巧的维护,并且,进展 surgical 训练信任外科医生作为技术上能干。在他们的当前的形式的模拟器被表明了改进外科的居民的手术室表演。训练课程标准化的开发仍然是一个迫切、重要的议程,特别地为最小的侵略外科。一条创新、进步的途径,从航空的域借经验,能为外科的训练的下一个世纪提供基础,保证产品的质量。当技术发展,我们练习的方法将继续演变,到医生和病人的利益。 | Kurt E Roberts Robert L Bell Andrew J Duffy | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,20: | 8 |
| 6 | 大气二氧化氮与每日总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率的短期关联:398个城市的多中心分析显示文摘目的:采用统一的分析方案,评估全球多个国家/地区的二氧化氮(NO_(2))与总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率之间的短期关联。研究设计:采用两阶段的时间序列分析方法、过度离散的广义线性模型和多水平meta分析。研究地点:22个低到高收入国家/地区的398个城市。主要结局指标:1973—2018年逐日总死亡人数(6280万人)、心血管疾病死亡人数(1970万人)和呼吸系统疾病死亡人数(550万人)。结果:平均而言,NO_(2)浓度在滞后1天(前1天)每增加10μg/m^(3),会导致总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率分别增加0.46%(95%可信区间0.36%~0.57%)、0.37%(0.22%~0.51%)、0.47%(0.21%~0.72%)。在对共污染物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、臭氧、二氧化硫和一氧化碳)进行调整后,这些关联仍然很稳定。所有3种死因的暴露-反应曲线几乎是线性的,没有明显的阈值。在398个城市中,可归因于高过假定零水平的NO_(2)浓度造成的死亡比例为1.23%(95%可信区间0.96%~1.51%)。结论:这项多中心研究提供了关于NO_(2)短期暴露与总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统死亡风险之间的独立和线性关联的关键证据,说明通过加强NO_(2)的控制和监管限制标准,可获得人群水平的健康收益。 | 孟夏 刘聪(校) 陈仁杰 郑湃(译) 阚海东(校) Francesco Sera Ana Vicedo-Cabrera Ai Milojevic Maria Guo Yuming Tong Shilu Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelh Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva Eric Lavigne Patricia Matus Correa Nicolas Valdes Ortega Samuel Osorio Garcia Jan Kysely Ales Urban Hans Orru Marek Maasikmets Jouni J K Jaakkola Niilo Ryti Veronika Huber Alexandra Schneider Klea Katsouyanni Antonis Analitis Masahiro Hashizume Yasushi Honda Chris Fook Sheng Ng Baltazar Nunes João Paulo Teixeira Iulian Horia Holobaca Simona Fratianni Ho Kim Aurelio Tobias Carmeníniguez Bertil Forsberg ChristoferÅström Martina S Ragettli Yue-Liang Leon Guo Shih-Chun Pan Shanshan Li Michelle L Bell Antonella Zanobetti Joel Schwartz Tangchun Wu Antonio Gasparrini | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021,24,8: | 7 |
| 7 | Controversies in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia显示文摘胃的食道的倒流疾病(GERD ) 和弛缓不能的有效治疗为这二作为标准答案建立了最小的侵略外科的 laparoscopic 外科的巨大的成功与更低的病态和死亡调节,更短的医院停留,更快的康复,和不太手术后的疼痛。在 GERD 的处理的一争吵作为比较喜欢的处理在 laparoscopic 反倒流外科(LARS ) 附近演变让 Barrett 的食管和过程的潜力减少食管的腺癌的风险。GERD 也与呼吸症状,气喘和喉的损害被联系了,并且第二争吵推动全部或部分的 fundoplication 是否是为 GERD 的更适当的处理的讨论。在 GERD 的处理的一种新、有希望的选择是 endoluminal 治疗。这种新处理选择的三种类型将被讨论:送到更低的食道的括约肌的射频精力,在胃的食道的连接的一个机械障碍的创造,并且更低的食道的括约肌的直接内视镜的紧缩。Laparoscopic 外科为弛缓不能为 GERD 而且同样永久的痊愈作为很有效的治疗被讨论不仅。这评论为弛缓不能分析三种很重要的处理选择:药,灵魂膨胀,和外科的治疗。因为他们的短半衰期和可变吸收,在弛缓不能的处理的药同样唯一的真非侵略的选择由于穷人不象 LARS 一样有效食道的倒空。第二种处理选择,灵魂膨胀,包含拉长更低的食管并且是仍然为弛缓不能考虑了最有效的非外科的处理。最后,为弛缓不能的外科的治疗和有关这个 laparoscopic 处理的二主要争吵被讨论。第一包含肌切开术被扩大到到胃上的程度,并且第二使反倒流过程的必要性和类型担心在肌切开术以后阻止 GERD。LARS 和 laparoscopic Heller 肌切开术是同意了在之上作为为 GERD 和弛缓不能的外科疗法的标准答案分别地。在一位富有经验的 laparoscopic 外科医生的手里,两个是为有有至少 90% 耐心的满足的优秀主观、客观的长期的结果的病人的安全、有效的治疗。 | Kurt E Roberts Andrew J Duffy Robert L Bell | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,20: | 4 |
| 8 | Optical properties of the metals Al, Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ti, and W in the infrared and far infrared 显示文摘 | Ordal M A Long L L Bell R J | 1983 | Applied Optics1983,22,7: | 2 |
| 9 | Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Controversies and consensus显示文摘Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is a poorly defined syndrome characterised by rapid clinical deterioration in patients with chronic liver disease.Consequences include high short-term morbidity,mortality,and healthcare resource utilisation.ACLF encompasses a dysregulated,systemic inflammatory response,which can precipitate extra hepatic organ failures.Common precipitants include infection,alcoholic hepatitis,and reactivation of viral hepatitis although frequently no cause is identified.Heterogenous definitions,diagnostic criteria,and treatment guidelines,have been proposed by international hepatology societies.This can result in delayed or missed diagnoses of ACLF,significant variability in clinical management,and under-estimation of disease burden.Liver transplantation may be considered but the mainstay of treatment is organ support,often in the intensive care unit.This review will provide clarity around where are the controversies and consensus in ACLF including:Epidemiology and resource utilisation,key clinical and diagnostic features,strategies for management,and research gaps. | Natalie L Y Ngu Eliza Flanagan Sally Bell Suong T Le | 2023 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2023,29,2: | 2 |
| 10 | 英国医学院医学伦理学的教学、学习与评估显示文摘国际伦理快递
[引言]伦理学涵盖内容极其广泛,伦理学不同层次及其内容组成生动的学科树。一般的伦理学概念、基础和基本原则是所有伦理学的基础,是伦理学的主干;不同主题领域的伦理学,如生命伦理学(人类,包括起源)、社会伦理学(社会关系)、医学伦理学(医疗和科技)、职业伦理学(专业领域)等是伦理学对某一领域的深入,构成伦理学的各大分支;各分支领域互有交叉,相互联系,各有侧重。每一分支还可以细化分解,如医学伦理学进一步划分临床医学伦理学、研究医学伦理学等。 | Brooks L Bell D | 2017 | 中国医学伦理学2017,30,3: | 2 |
| 11 | Expression of the yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene in transgenic tobacco plants :pleiotropic phenotypes include drought tolerance 显示文摘 | CARLOS ROMERO JOSE M BELLES JOSE L | 1997 | Planta1997,201,: | 1 |
| 12 | Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Nitrided Stainless Steel显示文摘 | Zhang Z L Bell T | 1985 | Surf Eng1985,1,2: | 1 |
| 13 | The detection of Mycoplasma (formerly Eperythrozoon) wenyonii by 16S rDNA PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis显示文摘 | McAuliffe L Lawes J Bell S | | 0,,2: | 1 |
| 14 | Diuretics:1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-1,1-Dioxides显示文摘 | NoveUo F C Bell S C Abram s E L A | 1960 | J Org Chem1960,25,6: | 1 |
| 15 | Free metal activity and total metal concentrations as indices of micronutrient availability to barley (Hordeum rulgure(L) 'Klages')显示文摘 | Bell P F Chaney R L Angle J S | 1991 | Plant and Soil1991,130,: | 1 |
| 16 | The interaction of two parallel non-coplanar identical surface cracks under tension and bending显示文摘 | Moussa W A Bell R Tan C L | 1999 | International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping1999,79,3: | 1 |
| 17 | Prothrombotic and pro-oxidant effects of diet-induced hyperhomo-cysteinemial显示文摘 | SAULS D L ARNOLD E K BELL C W | 2007 | Thromb Res2007,120,1: | 1 |
| 18 | Autooxidation of oil emulsions during the Artemia enrichment process显示文摘 | Mcevoy L A Navarro J C Bell J G | 1995 | Aquaculture1995,134,12: | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of percutaneous adenovirus-mediated Gax gene delivery to the arterial wall in double-injured atheromatous stented rabbit iliac arteries显示文摘 | Maillard L Van Belle E Rio F | 2000 | Gene Ther2000,7,16: | 1 |
| 20 | Experimental determination of residence time distributions on commercial scale distillation trays using a fiber optic technique显示文摘 | Bell R L | 1972 | AIChE J1972,18,3: | 1 |