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| 1 | 定量古生物学软件PAST及其常用功能显示文摘近半个世纪以来,古生物学涉及越来越复杂的现象与过程,难以用传统的经验科学方法来解决。伴随着相关研究引入日益增多的定量分析,古生物学逐渐成为一门可定量分析的科学。作为最早的古生物学专用的免费统计软件包,PAST功能全面、易于使用,并在过去十几年中发展迅速,目前已在相关软件中占据重要地位。本文在简单介绍该软件基本操作方法的基础上,结合古生物学应用案例,解读最常用到的几类'常规统计分析'与'多元统计分析'的使用;同时,针对古生物学相关领域中的'多样性、丰度及居群结构','形态学'和'生物地层学'问题,给出具体分析实例。在相关案例的分析介绍中,详细梳理用PAST实现这些分析的具体步骤,因而具有较好的实用参考价值。受篇幅所限,文章对软件中其他不常用但相对重要的9个模块只进行简要介绍,以供读者在偶尔涉及该类分析时参考。PAST软件不仅功能强大,而且能够针对古生物学及地层学浮现出来的最新前沿问题不断进行调整、更新,值得在古生物学界推广使用。 | 黄冰 David A T Harper φyvind Hammer | 2013 | 古生物学报2013，52，2： | 28 |
| 2 | Experimental and numerical study of the fragmentation of expanding warhead casings by using different numerical codes and solution techniques显示文摘There has been increasing interest in numerical simulations of fragmentation of expanding warheads in 3D.Accordingly there is a pressure on developers of leading commercial codes,such as LS-DYNA.AUTODYN and IMPETUS Afea.to implement the reliable fracture models and the efficient solution techniques.The applicability of the Johnson—Cook strength and fracture model is evaluated by comparing the fracture behaviour of an expanding steel casing of a warhead with experiments.The numerical codes and different numerical solution techniques,such as Eulerian,Lagrangian.Smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH).and the corpuscular models recently implemented in IMPETUS Afea are compared.For the same solution techniques and material models we find that the codes give similar results.The SPH technique and the corpuscular technique are superior to the Eulerian technique and the Lagrangian technique(with erosion) when it is applied to materials that have fluid like behaviour such as the explosive and the tracer.The Eulerian technique gives much larger calculation time and both the Lagrangian and Eulerian techniques seem to give less agreement with our measurements.To more correctly simulate the fracture behaviours of the expanding steel casing,we applied that ductility decreases with strain rate.The phenomena may be explained by the realization of adiabatic shear bands.An implemented node splitting algorithm in IMPETUS Afea seems very promising. | John F.MOXNES Anne K.PRYTZ Фyvind FRФYLAND Siri KLOKKEHAUG Stian SKRIUDALEN Eva FRIIS Jan A.TELAND Cato DФRUM Gard ФDEGARDSTUEN | 2014 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2014，10，2： | 12 |
| 3 | Structure and evolution of the continental margin off Norway and the Barents Sea显示文摘 | Jan Inge Faleide Filippos Tsikalas AsbjФrn Breivik Rolf Mjelde Oliver Ritzmann Фyvind Engen Jonas Wilson Olav Eldholm | 2008 | Episodes2008，31，1： | 8 |
| 4 | On the study of ricochet and penetration in sand,water and gelatin by spheres,7.62 mm APM2,and 25 mm projectiles显示文摘We examine the ricochet and penetration behavior in sand, water and gelatin by steel spheres, 7.62 mm APM2 and 25 mm projectiles. A threshold impact angle(critical angle) exists beyond which ricochet cannot occur. The Autodyn simulation code with the smooth particle hydrodynamic(SPH) method and Impetus Afea Solver with the corpuscular model are used and the results are compared with experimental and analytical results. The resistance force in sand for spheres was proportional to a term quadratic in velocity plus a term linear in velocity. The drag coefficient for the quadratic term was 0.65. The Autodyn and Impetus Afea codes simulate too large penetration due to the lack of a linear velocity resistance force. Critical ricochet angles were consistent with analytical results in the literature. In ballistic gelatin at velocities of 50–850 m/s a drag coefficient of 0.30 fits the high speed camera recordings if a linear velocity resistance term is included. However, only a quadratic velocity resistance force with drag coefficient that varies with the Reynolds number also fits the measurements. The simulation of a sphere in water with Autodyn showed too large drag coefficient. The 7.62 mm APM2 core simulations in sand fit reasonable well for both codes. The 25 mm projectile ricochet simulations in sand show consistency with the high speed camera recordings. Computer time was reduced by one to two orders of magnitudes when applying the Impetus Afea Solver compared to Autodyn code due to the use of the graphics processing units(GPU). | John F.MOXNES ∅yvind FR∅YLAND Stian SKRIUDALEN Anne K.PRYTZ Jan A.TELAND Eva FRIIS Gard ∅DEGARDSTUEN | 2016 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2016，12，2： | 6 |
| 5 | Iatrogenic esophago-tracheal fistula:Challenges in diagnosis and management显示文摘Esophageo-tracheal fistula is a rare condition,and in most cases such fistulas are caused by malignant disease or emergency endotracheal intubation.A case where a wrapped tablet produced a fistula between the esophagus and trachea is described.The patient is a male born in 1938 who swallowed a tablet without unwrapping it.The patient was treated with selfexpanding metal stents(SEMS),but closure of the fistula was not achieved.Different examinations and treatment options are discussed.Surgical treatment for this condition has demonstrated considerable mortality and morbidity.In some cases closure of the fistula can be achieved by use of SEMS.Although we advise treatment of such cases with SEMS,in some cases treatment with stents will prove troublesome and the risk/benefit analysis will have to be reevaluated. | istein Hovde yvind Haugen Lie Per Arthur Johansson ystein Stubhaug Egil Johnson Bjrn Hofstad Truls Hauge | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，4： | 5 |
| 6 | Strain rate dependency and fragmentation pattern of expanding warheads显示文摘For the characterization of the behaviors of a metal material in events like expanding warheads, it is necessary to know its strength and ductility at high strain rates, around 104e105/s. The flyer plate impact testing produces the uniform stress and strain rates but the testing is expensive. The Taylor test is relatively inexpensive but produces non-uniform stress and strain fields, and the results are not so easily inferred for material modeling. In the split-Hopkinson bar(SHB), which may be used in compression, tension and torsion testing, the strain rates never exceeds 103/s. In the present work, we use the expanding ring test where the strain rate is 104e105/s. A streak camera is used to examine the expanding ring velocity, and a water tank is used to collect the fragments. The experimental results are compared with the numerical simulations using the hydrocodes AUTODYN, IMPETUS Afea and a regularized smooth particle(RSPH) software. The number of fragments increases with the increase in the expansion velocity of the rings. The number of fragments is similar to the experimental results. The RSPH software shows much the same results as the AUTODYN where the Lagrangian solver is used for the ring. The IMPETUS Afea solver shows a somewhat different fragmentation characteristic due to the node splitting algorithm that induces pronounced tensile splitting. | John F.MOXNES Anne K.PRYTZ Фyvind FR?YLAND Stian SKRIUDALEN Steinar BФRVE Gard ФDEGARDSTUEN | 2015 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2015，11，1： | 5 |
| 7 | 跨项目运动员越野滑雪长期训练运动能力变化--基于运动机能监控的研究显示文摘目的:探究跨项目运动员参与越野滑雪长期训练后一般运动机能和越野滑雪专项能力(即“运动能力”)的变化情况,以及跨项目运动员参与越野滑雪专项训练的可行性和训练有效性;使用世界高水平越野滑雪运动生理机能评定体系对我国运动员进行系统测试,帮助我国在较短时间内选拔高潜力越野滑雪运动员以备战2022年北京冬奥会。方法:2018年11月—2019年5月,在挪威梅尔克滑雪学校集训的24名跨项目运动员分别于2018年11月、2019年2月、2019年5月进行3次运动生理机能和越野滑雪专项运动能力评定测试,使用重复方差分析进行运动员自身比较。结果:6个月训练中,跨项目运动员的最大摄氧量速度(velocity of oxygen uptake volume,vVO_(2max))、次最大强度周期长度(cycle length,CL)、乳酸阈功率(onset of blood lactate accumulation power,OBLA Power)、摄氧量峰值速度(velocity of peak oxygen uptake volume,vVO_(2peak))、30 s平均功率、5 min平均功率和坐姿下拉最大力量等指标显著提升(P<0.05)。结论:6个月训练中,跨项目运动员的越野滑雪专项技术动作经济性、专项滑行运动表现、专项最大做功能力、专项持续做功能力和专项最大力量等运动能力得到显著提升,充分说明了跨项目运动员参与越野滑雪专项训练的可行性和训练有效性;建议我国越野滑雪国家集训队建立定期、全面的运动生理机能评估体系,以监控跨项目运动员的一般和专项运动能力发展情况。 | 蔡旭旦 毛丽娟 张蓓 Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Øyvind Sandbakk Tor-Arne Hetland 黎涌明 冯连世 陈小平 | 2021 | 体育科学2021，41，8： | 4 |
| 8 | 挪威Storgama小型源头集水区土壤和径流的天然可变性显示文摘为了提供挪威南部泰勒马克县Storgama的11个小型源头集水区(30~268 m^2)气候操控实验的基线数据,我们对位点特征和径流质量的天然可变性进行了分析。各位点径流中的年平均浓度的变异系数为26%~61%,其中总有机碳(TOC)和碳氮比(C/N)最小而无机氮(N)值最大。这些集水区的无机氮、TOC和总磷浓度比附近更大的Storgama集水区(0.6 km^2)高2~5倍。径流中的TOC和TON浓度随着土壤碳和氮含量以及集水区土壤体积而增加。对于径流中的硝酸盐(NO_3)和铵来说则相反。在潮湿年份,裸岩的比例是径流中年平均NO_3浓度的主要指示指标。 | Line Tau Strand Stle Haaland Φyvind Kaste Arne O.Stuanes 丁莉 | 2008 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2008，37，1： | 3 |
| 9 | 卡门涡脱流的CFD模拟显示文摘预估叶片出水边的涡旋脱流频率的经验公式是基于斯特拉哈数以及发表于二十世纪五六十年代论文上的大量实验结果。通过这些试验总结了一些公式,通常还将其用于固定导叶、活动导叶以及转轮(叶轮)叶片出水边几何形状的具体设计。在Φyvind Antonsen的硕士论文中,作者对具有不同几何形状出水边的平板进行二维和三维的CFD模拟。这篇文章简要叙述了他在硕士学习中所作的数值模拟工作,并且将结果和以前的试验进行了比较。这篇文章的目的是判定是否能根据CFD模拟来预测这些涡流的频率和振幅。通过和以前发表的数据进行比较,似乎表明即便是二维模拟也可以较好地预测频率。考虑到三维模拟在时间方面需要更多的计算工作,这个结论本身就是一个很有趣的结果。大多数试验针对有翼型出水边的平板。但本次模拟计算不仅在平板上进行,并且也在实际的固定导叶上进行,结果略微有些不同。这些计算频率和文献【2】中给出的带有微小调整的试验公式吻合得非常好。至于振幅,模拟结果就难以解释了。原本希望振幅也像频率一样可以找到一些类似的经验公式。但正如我们所知道的,很少有作者能这样成功地处理振幅。一般的处理方法是在设计叶片出水边时都假定高频率对应有低振幅。这就暗含着一种假设,即脉动中持续的能量与频率无关。通过量纲分析,这篇文章提出了一种对试验结果进行调查研究的建议,为解决该问题提供了帮助。 | PhD student Φyvind 冉红娟(译) 吴新润(校) | 2006 | 国外大电机2006，，2： | 2 |
| 10 | The Trends in Maternal Mortality between 1996 and 2009 in Guizhou, China: Ethnic Differences and Associated Factors显示文摘China bears a large burden of global maternal mortality, and the largest burden of maternal deaths in China is in poor western provinces. This study aimed to investigate the trends in maternal mortality and its associated factors in Guizhou province of western China between 1996 and 2009, and examine differences between minority and non-minority counties. A population-based, longitudinal, retrospective study was performed in a poor western province of China with a considerably large ethnic minority population. All 86 counties/districts of Guizhou were included with population at county, township and village level. Maternal mortality data were collected from routine reporting database of Guizhou Provincial Health Bureau. Trend and comparative analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0. Maternal mortality ratio(MMR) and its change over time, differences between ethnic groups were analyzed. A declining trend in maternal mortality and rising trend in hospital delivery in Guizhou was observed; ethnic differences between two ethnic groups persisted. The reduction in maternal mortality between 1996 and 2009 was related with increased gross domestic product, decreased male illiteracy rate, and increased hospital delivery rate. We found the declining trends in maternal mortality in Guizhou with persisting ethnic differences. The declining trends are related with economic development, hospital delivery and male illiteracy. Effective health education on maternal health is urgently needed for the minority groups, and basic education for the new generation should be enhanced to eradicate the illiteracy. | 杜清 练武 ?yvind Nss Espen Bjertness Bernadette Nirmal Kumar 石淑华 | 2015 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2015，35，1： | 2 |
| 11 | 挪威Storgama小型源头集水区积雪操控实验:对无机氮淋溶的影响显示文摘我们对挪威南部山区石南荒地的小型源头集水区冬令时期土壤温度机制进行了操控实验,以研究土壤温度对径流中无机氮浓度和通量的可能影响。实验包括两个集水区土壤的隔热处理,以使土壤在整个冬季保持零上温度;另两个集水区的去除积雪处理,以促使土壤冻结。冬季土壤温度升高增加了春季径流中铵氮(NH_4)和硝酸盐(NO_3)的浓度和通量。相反,去除积雪覆盖,土壤显著冻结,则对无机氮浓度和通量没有系统的影响。我们的实验结果表明,暖冬较高的土壤温度或者较厚的积雪覆盖意味着这一地区无机氮淋溶的风险更大,而雪盖减少导致的土壤冻结事件,造成的无机氮淋溶增加的风险则不大。 | Φyvind Kaste Kari Austnes Live Semb Vestgarden Richard F.Wright 陶书田 | 2008 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2008，37，1： | 2 |
| 12 | 挪威Storgama小型源头集水区积雪操控实验:对总有机碳和总有机氮淋溶的影响显示文摘预期未来气候变化将引起冬季温度升高,这可能导致北温带较低和中等高度地区的雪积累降低。土壤温度和水状况的变化结果会影响总有机碳(TOC)、总有机氮(TON)的淋溶。本研究在挪威南部的山地荒野区对小型源头集水区的积雪覆盖进行操控实验,以此来量化对径流中TOC和TON浓度和通量的影响。操控实验包括除雪处理(以促进土壤冻结)和隔离处理(以阻止土壤冻结)。除雪处理导致TOC和TON浓度升高,但通量减少。隔离引起TOC浓度和通量少量降低。研究结果表明,积雪深度变化,因而土壤温度也发生变化,对所研究的山地荒野区的TOC和TON淋溶不会有严重影响。 | Kari Austnes Φyvind Kaste Live Semb Vestgarden Jan Mulder 张秋英 | 2008 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2008，37，1： | 2 |
| 13 | 气候变化对挪威托夫达尔河流域至邻近海域氮通量的影响显示文摘假定4种气候变化情景,利用质量运输模型(TEOTIL)可预测挪威最南部的托夫达尔河流域的硝酸盐(NO_3)通量。目前,森林、高地和开阔水体占NO_3通量的90%。2071~2100年的气候情景显示,温度将增加2~4℃,降水会增加3%~11%。利用气候实验和长期监测来估算未来的氮(N)淋溶率。冬季将有更多的水流经陆地流域,而春季则较少。预计从托夫达尔河到邻近的托普达尔峡湾,年NO_3通量保持不变,但是,冬季运送的NO_3要多,春季要少。可以预计,沿海水域藻类大量繁殖会发生在当年的更早时候。主要的不确定来源是储存在土壤有机物中的氮的长期命运及森林管理的影响。 | Richard F.Wright Φyvind Kaste Heleen A.de Wit Torulv Tjomsland Mirjam Bloemerts Jarle Molvr John Rune Selvik 高战朝 | 2008 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2008，37，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Colour and stability of the six common anthocyanidin 3-glucosides in aqueous solutions显示文摘 | Luis C Torgils F yvind M | 2000 | Food Chemistry2000，68，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Failure modes in the maritime transportation system: a functional approach to throughput vulnerability显示文摘 | ?yvind Berle JamesB. Rice Jr. Bj?rnEgil Asbj?rnslett | 2011 | Maritime Policy & Management2011，，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Testing the adequacy of smooth transition autoregressive models显示文摘 | ?yvind Eitrheim Timo Ter?svirta | 1996 | Journal of Econometrics1996，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Hormonal control of the yolk precursor vitellogenin regulates immune function and longevity in honeybees显示文摘 | Gro V Amdam Zilá L.P Sim?es Arne Hagen Kari Norberg Knut Schr?der ?yvind Mikkelsen Thomas B.L Kirkwood Stig W Omholt | 2004 | Experimental Gerontology2004，，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Voltage-controlled slow light in an integrated semiconductor structure with net gain 显示文摘 | OHMAN F YVIND K M?RK J | 2006 | OPT EXPRESS2006，14，21： | 1 |
| 19 | Bone-targeted radium-223 in symptomatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase II study显示文摘 | Sten Nilsson Lars Franzén Christopher Parker Christopher Tyrrell René Blom Jan Tennvall Bo Lennern?s Ulf Petersson Dag C Johannessen Michael Sokal Katharine Pigott Jeffrey Yachnin Michael Garkavij Peter Strang Johan Harmenberg Bj?rg Bolstad ?yvind S Brula | 2007 | Lancet Oncology2007，，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Linear all-optical signal processing using silicon micro-ring resonators显示文摘硅微戒指的共鸣器(MRR ) 是谁的紧缩、万用的设备周期的频率反应能为大量应用被利用。在这份报纸,我们用硅 MRR 同样被动的过滤器在线性所有光的信号处理应用上考察我们的最近的工作。我们集中于象调整格式变换那样的应用,调音的微分阶段移动(DPSK ) 解调,直接调制的激光(数据管理语言) 的调整速度改进,和独轮脚踏车搏动产生。实现极化差异电路的可能性,减少标准硅 MRR 的极化依赖,在 DPSK 解调的特别例子上被说明。 | Yunhong DING Haiyan OU Jing XU Meng XIONG Yi AN Hao HU Michael GALILI Abel Lorences RIESGO Jorge SEOANE Kresten YVIND Leif Katsuo OXENLOWE Xinliang ZHANG Dexiu HUANG Christophe PEUCHERET | 2016 | Frontiers of Optoelectronics2016，9，3： | 1 |
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