|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 中国劳动力市场上工资收入的户籍歧视显示文摘20世纪80年代以来中国城镇劳动力市场上的农民工数量剧增,然而农民工却长期遭受着方方面面的歧视。其中一个突出表现是农民工和城镇职工之间明显的收入差距。但是,收入差距在多大程度上来源于歧视,学者们的观点并不一致。本文以2007年CHIPs(中国居民家庭收入调查)数据为基础,使用4种方法分解农民工和城镇职工的工资差异,考察劳动力市场上的歧视程度,重点突出指数基准问题对分解结果的影响。本文的实证分析结果显示2007年中国劳动力市场上依然存在对农民工明显的工资待遇歧视,农民工和城镇职工工资差异中的36%无法用禀赋差异解释。本文还强调工资收入歧视并不是检验户籍歧视的唯一指标,准确判断户籍歧视需要更广阔的视角。 | 章莉 李实 William A.Darity Jr. Rhonda Vonshay Sharpe | 2014 | 管理世界2014，30，11： | 111 |
| 2 | GRADE指南:Ⅴ.证据质量评价--发表偏倚显示文摘GRADE方法中,随机试验起评即为高质量证据,观察性研究起评即为低质量证据;但若证据本身存在高发表偏倚风险,则两者证据质量级别都应降低。即使最佳证据汇总表纳入的各项研究仅有低发表偏倚风险,发表偏倚仍会极大高估效应值。当可得证据来自小样本研究、且多数由厂商资助时,作者应怀疑存在发表偏倚。若干基于检验数据类型的方法可用于评价发表偏倚,其中最常用的为漏斗图,但这些方法都有较大局限。发表偏倚可能较常见,必须特别关注早期结果、对样本量与事件数都很小的早期试验结果尤需小心。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Victor Montori Gunn Vist Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello Ben Djulbegovic David Atkins Yngve Falck-Ytter John W.Williams Jr. Joerg Meerpohl Susan L.Norris Elie A.Akl Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 王莉 钟大可 蒋兰慧 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 71 |
| 3 | GRADE指南:Ⅳ.证据质量分级--研究的局限性(偏倚风险)显示文摘在GRADE方法中,若多数相关证据来自高偏倚风险的研究,则起初被定为高质量证据的随机试验和低质量证据的观察性研究均有可能被降低质量等级。随机试验已确定的局限性包括:未进行分配隐藏、未实施盲法、未报告失访情况及未恰当考虑意向性治疗原则。最近提出的局限性包括:因明显获益而早期终止试验和基于结果选择性报告结局。观察性研究的主要局限性包括使用不合适的对照及未能充分调整预后的不平衡。偏倚风险可因不同结果而异(如全死因死亡率的失访远少于生命质量的失访),许多系统评价都容易忽略这一点。在决定是否因偏倚风险而降低质量等级时,不管是随机试验还是观察性研究,作者不应采用对各个研究取平均值的方法。相反,对任何单个结果,当同时存在高、低偏倚风险的研究时,则应考虑只纳入较低偏倚风险的研究。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Gunn Vist Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello Victor Montori Elie A.Akl Ben Djulbegovic Yngve Falck-Ytter Susan L.Norris John W.Williams Jr. David Atkins Joerg Meerpohl Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李鸿浩 李玲 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 58 |
| 4 | 中国劳动力市场就业机会的户籍歧视及其变化趋势显示文摘文章首先厘清了劳动力市场分割理论与歧视经济学的区别和联系,并将中国劳动力市场上就业机会的户籍不平等现象界定为以农民工平等就业权利受侵害为本质的经济歧视。其次,使用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2002年和2007年数据,运用多元logit模型考察了中国劳动力市场上就业机会的户籍歧视状况和变化趋势。实证分析结果显示:(1)与城镇职工相比,农民工在职业获得、行业进入和所有制部门进入三个维度上都遭受了明显的户籍歧视;(2)与2002年相比,2007年就业机会的户籍歧视呈现恶化趋势,显示了经济发展过程中就业机会分配的'负滴漏效应';(3)农民工人力资本的就业机会回报显著低于城镇职工,这对农民工的人力资本投资决策可能会产生负向激励并导致'前市场歧视'的发生。最后,在理论和实证分析的基础上,文章提出了缓解就业机会户籍歧视的相关政策建议。 | 章莉 李实 William A.Darity Jr. Rhonda Vonshay Sharpe | 2016 | 财经研究2016，42，1： | 57 |
| 5 | GRADE指南:Ⅵ.证据质量评价--不精确性(随机误差)显示文摘GRADE建议通过检查95%可信区间(CI)为决定不精确性的最佳方法。在指南实际运用中,如果CI的上、下限值代表了真实效应,而临床实际情况与之不符时,必须降低证据质量级别(即对效应估计值的把握度)。除外当效应值很大且可信区间提示效应稳健,而总样本量不大且事件数很少的情况,其他应考虑因不精确性而降低证据质量级别。作此决定时,可计算有足够检验效能的单个试验所需的病例数(定义为'最优信息样本量',即optimal information size,OIS)。对连续型变量,我们建议用类似方法,首先考虑可信区间上、下限值,再计算OIS。系统评价(SR)所需方法略有不同。如果95%CI不包括相对危险度(RR)为1,且总事件发生数或病例数超过OIS标准,则精确性良好。如果95%CI包括了明显获益或危害(我们建议以RR值<0.75或>1.25作粗标准),即使达到OIS要求,因不精确性而降低证据质量级别较恰当。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello David Rind PJ Devereaux Victor M.Montori Bo Freyschuss Gunn Vist Roman Jaeschke John W.Williams Jr. Mohammad Hassan Murad David Sinclairk Yngve Falck-Ytter Joerg Meerpohl Craig Whittington Kristian orlund Je Andrews Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 王莉 陈尹 高霑 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 43 |
| 6 | Advances in Computer Vision-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring显示文摘Computer vision techniques, in conjunction with acquisition through remote cameras and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), offer promising non-contact solutions to civil infrastructure condition assessment. The ultimate goal of such a system is to automatically and robustly convert the image or video data into actionable information. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in computer vision techniques as they apply to the problem of civil infrastructure condition assessment. In particular, relevant research in the fields of computer vision, machine learning, and structural engineering is presented. The work reviewed is classified into two types: inspection applications and monitoring applications. The inspection applications reviewed include identifying context such as structural components, characterizing local and global visible damage, and detecting changes from a reference image. The monitoring applications discussed include static measurement of strain and displacement, as well as dynamic measurement of displacement for modal analysis. Subsequently, some of the key challenges that persist toward the goal of automated vision-based civil infrastructure and monitoring are presented. The paper concludes with ongoing work aimed at addressing some of these stated challenges. | Billie F. Spencer Jr. Vedhus Hoskere Yasutaka Narazaki | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，2： | 44 |
| 7 | OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY MEASUREMENT OF MACULAR AND NERVE FIBER LAYER THICKNESS IN NORMAL AND GLAUCOMATOUS HUMAN EYES显示文摘This cross-sectional study evaluates the hypothesis that macular thickness and nerve fiber layer thickness correlate with the diagnosis of glaucoma It was used prototype optical coherence tomography unit to measure macular and nerve fiber layer thickness, and to analyze their correlation with glaucoma status. It was studied 367 subjects (534 eyes), including 166 eyes of 109 normals, 83 eyes of 58 glaucoma suspects, 196 eyes of 132 | V.Guedes J.S.Schuman E.Hertzmark G.Wollstein A.Correnti R.Mancini D.Lederer S.Voskani- an L.Velazquez H.M.Pakter T.Pedut-Kloizman J.G.Fujimoto C.Mattox R.Susanna Jr. | 2003 | 国际眼科杂志2003，3，1： | 38 |
| 8 | Total hip arthroplasty for posttraumatic osteoarthritis following acetabular fracture: A systematic review of characteristics, outcomes, and complications显示文摘 | Robert D. Stibolt Jr. Harshadkumar A. Patel Samuel R. Huntley Eva J. Lehtonen Ashish B. Shah Sameer M. Naranje | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2018，21，3： | 28 |
| 9 | Complications of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors:Frequency and risk factors显示文摘Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has become an important option in the therapy of primary and secondary hepatic tumors.Surgical resection is still the best treatment option,but only a few of these patients are candidates for surgery:multilobar disease,insufficient liver reserve that will lead to liver failure after resection,extra-hepatic disease,proximity to major bile ducts and vessels,and co-morbidities.RFA has a low mortality and morbidity rate and is considered to be safe.Thus,complications occur and vary widely in the literature.Complications are caused by thermal damage,direct needle injury,infection and the patient’s co-morbidities.Tumor type,type of approach,number of lesions,tumor localization,underlying hepatic disease,the physician’s experience,associated hepatic resection and lesion size have been described as factors significantly associated with complications.The physician in charge should promptly recognize high-risk patients more susceptible to complications,perform a close post procedure follow-up and manage them early and adequately if they occur.We aim to describe complications from RFA of hepatic tumors and their risk factors,as well as a few techniques to avoid them.This way,others can decrease their morbidity rates with better outcomes. | Alexandre Zanchenko Fonseca Stephanie Santin Luiz Guilherme Lisboa Gomes Jaques Waisberg Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle Ribeiro Jr. | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，3： | 24 |
| 10 | 全髋关节置换术后血栓预防 使用便携式加压器或低分子量肝素的前瞻性随机对照研究显示文摘背景:血栓栓塞性疾病是全髋关节置换术后常见的并发症。本研究的目的在于比较新型便携式加压器与低分子量肝素在静脉血栓预防中的安全性和有效性。方法:全髋置换患者随机接受为期10d便携式加压器或者低分子量肝素预防治疗。术中开始使用加压器,并且这组患者在术后日服81mg的阿司匹林。使用肝素者,术后12-24h开始注射低分子量肝素。在10-12d后,所有患者行多普勒超声筛查双下肢小腿、大腿部深静脉血栓;有肺栓塞临床症状的患者均接受肺部螺旋CT扫描评价。记录两组出血和于预性治疗情况(即:依从性)。术后12周进行深静脉血栓和肺栓塞证据的临床评估。结果:410例患者(414髋)进行随机化分组;392例患者(395髋)进行手术安全性评估,386例(389髋)治疗结果有效。两组间的一般临床情况无差异。加压组严重出血发生率O%,低分子量肝素组6%。加压组远端和近端深静脉血栓发生率分别为3%、2%,肝素组3%、1%。肺栓塞发生率加压组1%,肝素组1%,无致命性肺栓塞。随访12周,1例加压组患者出现两项事件(深静脉血栓和肺栓塞),该患者术后第12天多普勒超声检查阴性。在静脉血栓栓塞预防上两组比较无明显差异。结论:全髋置换术后静脉血栓栓塞预防,便携式加压器与低分子量肝素比较,可明显减少严重出血。 | CliffordW. Colwell Jr. Mark I. Froimson Michael A.Mont Merrill A. Ritter Robert T. Trousdale Knute C. Buehler Andrew Spitzer Thomas K. Donaldson Douglas E. Padgett 勘武生(译) | 2010 | 中华骨科杂志2010，30，6： | 24 |
| 11 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 12 | 美国心力衰竭住院患者的特点及预后:急性失代偿性心衰国家登记(ADHERE)研究的前10万病例中的原理、设计和初步观察 | Adams Jr. K.F. Fonarow G.C. Emerman C.L. 任付先 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2005，0，8： | 18 |
| 13 | 急性呼吸困难患者中白介素家族成员ST2的测定:PRIDE(急诊科呼吸困难患者脑利钠肽前体)研究的结果显示文摘目的:本研究旨在确定在呼吸困难患者中测定白介素-1受体家族成员ST2的价值。背景:据报道,心力衰竭(HF)患者中ST2浓度升高。方法:对593例就诊于市区急诊科的伴或不伴急性不稳定性HF的呼吸困难患者测定其ST2浓度。识别1年死亡的独立预测因素。 | Januzzi Jr. J.L. PeacockW.F. Maisel A.S. 黄欣 | 2007 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2007，，12： | 15 |
| 14 | 公共卫生与预防医学概念辨析显示文摘在中国,公共卫生与预防医学的关系多年来一直存在着从概念到内容的混淆与争论。由于概念上的不一致往往导致人才培养工作的困惑。与其他国家不同,20多年来我国公共卫生学院所提供的主要教育项目称为"预防医学专业"。本文译自美国肯塔基大学公共卫生学院教授James W.Holsinger Jr.的著作,介绍了美国学者对公共卫生、医学、预防医学概念的认识及三者关系的辨析。译者对原文有增删,并期望此文对我国公共卫生教育事业发展有所启发。 | James W.Holsinger Jr. 赵莉 李蕊 马骁 | 2011 | 现代预防医学2011，38，15： | 15 |
| 15 | 地球的新陈代谢:了解碳循环显示文摘生物系统与我们行星范围内的能量和物质传输存在着密切关系,且影响到地球化学和大气、陆地表面、大洋及沉积物的物理性质。矿物燃料的燃烧、土地的开发利用及其他人类活动正日益破坏天然的生物地球化学物质循环和过程,造成潜在的深远影响;例如,大气组成的改变影响到全球热量平衡。碳、氮和硫循环对于生物圈功能是特别重要的,并且与自然气候系统紧密相连。在IGBP计划中,全球尺度的模型化工作最初集中于碳循环:对碳循环的了解很少,然而碳循环对于估计未来CO_2和其他温室体的含量以及这些气体与生物圈的相互作用来说都是至关重要的。为辅助测定影响大气中CO_2周期的因子,将单一的半衰期(T_(1/2))概念应用于3个简单的碳循环模型和一个全球范围的陆地碳循环模型。由于包括了陆地模型和有关可能存在的陆地施肥作用响应的假设内容,我们发现其中具有显著差异,T_(1/2)的估计值在92年(不考虑陆地影响)到27年(考虑陆地再生作用及施肥作用)之间变动。这些数值的变化范围提出了更深层次的科学问题,同时也关系到政策的制定。 | Berrien Moore Ⅲ B.H.Braswell Jr. 刘文新 | 1994 | 人类环境杂志1994，23，1： | 14 |
| 16 | Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract: Report of two cases显示文摘Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma(MANEC) is a rare tumor of the gastrointestinal tract that consists of a dual adenocarcinomatous and neuroendocrine differentiation, each component representing at least 30% of the tumor. To date, only seven cases have been reported in the cecum, and less than 40 in the stomach. Our first case was diagnosed in a 74-years-old female as a polypoid lesion of the cecum with direct invasion in the transverse colon, without lymph node metastases. The second case was diagnosed in the stomach of a 46-years-old male as a polypoid tumor of the antral region that invaded the pancreas and presented metastases in 22 regional lymph nodes. The metastatic tissue was represented by the glandular component. In both cases, the tumor consisted of a moderately-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma(with mucinous component in Case 1) intermingled with neuroendocrine carcinoma. Ki67 index was lower than 20% in Case 1, respectively higher than 20% in Case 2. The neuroendocrine component was marked by synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase, being negative for Keratins 7/20. The neuroendocrine component represented 60% in Case 1, and 40% in Case 2, respectively. The glandular components were marked by carcinoembryonic antigen, maspin and keratin 20/7(Case 1/2). Both cases were proved to be microsatellite stable. Independently by the localization and tumor stage, MANECs appear to be highly malignant tumors, with high risk for distant metastases. The aggressiveness seems to depend on the endocrine component, independent of its proportion. The neuroendocrine component could be a dedifferentiated adenocarcinoma with a neuroendocrine phenotype. | Simona Gurzu Zoltan Kadar Tivadar Bara Tivadar Jr. Bara Adrian Tamasi Leonard Azamfirei Ioan Jung | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，4： | 14 |
| 17 | 2018 update of expert consensus statement on antiplatelet therapy in East Asian patients with ACS or undergoing PCI显示文摘East Asians are the most populous race in the world and their health status is an important global issue.Compared with Caucasian populations, East Asian patients have a different benefit/risk ratio when using antithrombotic treatment. Despite this observation, treatment strategies in East Asian patients are mostly based on the American and European guidelines. Despite a lower platelet inhibitory response to clopidogrel, East Asian patients show a similar or even a lower rate of ischemic event occurrence and higher bleeding risk compared with Caucasian patients. For potent P2Y_(12) inhibitors(ticagrelor and prasugrel),East Asian patients have shown less favorable net clinical benefits compared with Caucasian patients,which may be related to differences in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles and therapeutic zone of antiplatelet effect. This updated consensus mainly focuses on state-of-the-art and current controversies in the East Asian population. In addition, when East Asian patients are administered potent P2Y_(12) receptor inhibitors, the strategies and ongoing trials to overcome the related hurdles are discussed. | Yong Huo Young-Hoon Jeong Yanjun Gong Daowen Wang Ben He Jiyan Chen Guosheng Fu Yundai Chen Jianping Li Yi Li Shinya Goto Udaya S.Tantry Paul A.Gurbel Jong-Hwa Ahn Hyo-Soo Kim Myung Ho Jeong Yaling Han Sidney C.Smith Jr. Junbo Ge | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，3： | 12 |
| 18 | A method for the production and expedient screening of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-transgenic mutant plants显示文摘Developing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-transgenic mutants in asexually propagated perennial crop plants is challenging but highly desirable.Here,we report a highly useful method using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient CRISPR/Cas9 gene expression system to create non-transgenic mutant plants without the need for sexual segregation.We have also developed a rapid,cost-effective,and high-throughput mutant screening protocol based on Illumina sequencing followed by high-resolution melting(HRM)analysis.Using tetraploid tobacco as a model species and the phytoene desaturase(PDS)gene as a target,we successfully created and expediently identified mutant plants,which were verified as tetra-allelic mutants.We produced pds mutant shoots at a rate of 47.5%from tobacco leaf explants,without the use of antibiotic selection.Among these pds plants,17.2%were confirmed to be non-transgenic,for an overall non-transgenic mutation rate of 8.2%.Our method is reliable and effective in creating non-transgenic mutant plants without the need to segregate out transgenes through sexual reproduction.This method should be applicable to many economically important,heterozygous,perennial crop species that are more difficult to regenerate. | Longzheng Chen Wei Li Lorenzo Katin-Grazzini Jing Ding Xianbin Gu Yanjun Li Tingting Gu Ren Wang Xinchun Lin Ziniu Deng Richard J.McAvoy Frederick G.Gmitter Jr. Zhanao Deng Yunde Zhao Yi Li | 2018 | Horticulture Research2018，5，1： | 12 |
| 19 | Demographics, societal aging, and meat consumption in China显示文摘Drawn on the data collected by surveying 1 340 urban households from six cities in China, this paper estimates the impacts of demographic structure and population aging on household meat consumption, by jointly considering meat consumed at home and away from home. Based on the trajectories of population, a simple simulation on meat demand trend in China is conducted subsequently. The results suggest: 1) Meat consumed away from home averagely accounts for near 30% of household total meat consumption in terms of quantity, so that its omission likely leads to a significant underestimate of total meat consumption and misunderstanding the driving forces; 2) population aging significantly and negatively affects per capita meat consumption, suggesting that the expected meat demand in China without considering population aging will be overestimated. The findings from this study have important implications for better understanding the relative issues on China's meat consumption under the situation of population aging. | MIN Shi BAI Jun-fei James Seale Jr. Thomas Wahl | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，6： | 11 |
| 20 | 基于开放互操作标准的分布式地理空间模型共享研究显示文摘传统的单机环境和封闭式网络环境由于有限的资源利用能力,难以充分支持分散地学数据、模型等资源的共享与应用集成。基于网络环境的信息交换特点,提出了分布式地理空间模型共享的服务体系。该体系以数据、模型、元数据等互操作要素为核心,通过网络将数据、模型等网络节点进行开放式耦合。针对地理空间模型服务的互操作问题,提出了分布式环境下的模型共享服务交互接口,该接口定义了模型服务元数据、模型服务的交互操作、模型服务的通讯方式等交互规则,尽可能地降低模型服务与模型终端之间在数据交换、功能调用等方面的互操作困难。为了降低将模型共享为模型服务的实现难度,设计和开发了地理空间模型共享平台,并介绍了在该平台上发布地理空间模型的2种方法。最后介绍了研究成果在Prairie生态模型共享方面的应用实践。 | 冯敏 LIU Shu-guang Ned H. Euliss, Jr. 尹芳 | 2009 | 遥感学报2009，13，6： | 10 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员