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| 1 | Angiographic evaluation and management of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage显示文摘Although most cases of acute nonvariceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage either spontaneously resolve or respond to medical management or endoscopic treatment,there are still a significant number of patients who require emergency angiography and transcatheter treatment.Evaluation with noninvasive imaging such as nuclear scintigraphy or computed tomography may localize the bleeding source and/or confirm active hemorrhage prior to angiography.Any angiographic evaluation should begin with selective catheterization of the artery supplying the most likely site of bleeding,as determined by the available clinical,endoscopic and imaging data.If a hemorrhage source is identified,superselective catheterization followed by transcatheter microcoil embolization is usually the most effective means of successfully controlling hemorrhage while minimizing potential complications.This is now wellrecognized as a viable and safe alternative to emergency surgery.In selected situations transcatheter intra-arterial infusion of vasopressin may also be useful in controlling acute gastrointestinal bleeding.One must be aware of the various side effects and potential complications associated with this treatment,however,and recognize the high re-bleeding rate.In this article we review the current role of angiography,transcatheter arterial embolization and infusion therapy in the evaluation and management of nonvariceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage. | T Gregory Walker Gloria M Salazar Arthur C Waltman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，11： | 24 |
| 2 | Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus显示文摘Diabetes mellitus affects virtually every organ system in the body and the degree of organ involvement depends on the duration and severity of the disease,and other co-morbidities.Gastrointestinal(GI) involvement can present with esophageal dysmotility,gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD),gastroparesis,enteropathy,non alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and glycogenic hepatopathy.Severity of GERD is inversely related to glycemic control and management is with prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors.Diabetic gastroparesis manifests as early satiety,bloating,vomiting,abdominal pain and erratic glycemic control.Gastric emptying scintigraphy is considered the gold standard test for diagnosis.Management includes dietary modifications,maintaining euglycemia,prokinetics,endoscopic and surgical treatments.Diabetic enteropathy is also common and management involves glycemic control and symptomatic measures.NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and treatment ismainly lifestyle measures,with diabetes and dyslipidemia management when coexistent.Glycogenic hepatopathy is a manifestation of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes and is managed by prompt insulin treatment.Though GI complications of diabetes are relatively common,awareness about its manifestations and treatment options are low among physicians.Optimal management of GI complications is important for appropriate metabolic control of diabetes and improvement in quality of life of the patient.This review is an update on the GI complications of diabetes,their pathophysiology,diagnostic evaluation and management. | Babu Krishnan Shithu Babu Jessica Walker Adrian B Walker Joseph M Pappachan | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，3： | 10 |
| 3 | 对遗传性易栓症检查与治疗的指导意见显示文摘国际上对易栓症尚无统一的定义。英国血液学会标准化委员会提出,易栓症是指“易导致血栓形成的止血机理异常”。这个定义被广泛地采用,但也有两点不足之处:①随着新的易栓状态不断发现,很多有这类异常的人并无症状;②虽然已认识到各种能增加血栓危险的异常,但至少50%有血栓病史的患者经详细的实验室检查后仍找不到原因。在北美地区医生将易栓症患者限定为有自发性静脉血栓或其严重性比预期的高,或反复性静脉血栓发作,或在年青时就有静脉血栓的人。这个概念可能在临床上更有用。 | Walker ID Greaves M Preston FE 王兆钺 | 2004 | 国外医学(输血及血液学分册)2004，27，6： | 8 |
| 4 | Leukemia:研究鉴定出与34种AML白血病亚群相关联的基因突变显示文摘针对成年急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者的一项新的大型研究将80种癌症相关基因突变与5种AML亚型相关联。这5种AML亚型可通过特异性的染色体异常加以确定。在未来,这些发现可能有助指导基因突变测试和治疗决策。 | A-K Eisfeld K Mrózek J Kohlschmidt D Nicolet S Orwick C J Walker K W Kroll J S Blachly A J Carroll J E Kolitz B L Powell E S Wang R M Stone A de la Chapelle J C Byrd C D Bloomfield | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，15： | 7 |
| 5 | 地方政府绩效评估中的利益相关者与绩效数据——基于德尔菲法的研究显示文摘文章用德尔菲法,通过对地方政府绩效评估中19种利益相关者和16种绩效数据使用情况的调查,研究了地方政府绩效评估活动中利益相关者与绩效数据的现状和相互关系。研究结果表明,利益相关者和绩效数据之间呈现简单的线性关系,呈现出'一荣俱荣,一损俱损'的局面。研究还发现在现阶段绩效评估中更多关注的是政府内部利益相关者的诉求,更多使用的是政府内部绩效数据来判断政府绩效好坏。该研究对上述发现内在原因进行了分析,并提出未来改进的建议。 | 吴建南 刘佳 Richard M Walker | 2011 | 华东经济管理2011，25，4： | 7 |
| 6 | Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Pierre J Guillou Philip Quirke Helen Thorpe Joanne Walker David G Jayne Adrian MH Smith Richard M Heath Julia M Brown | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9472)2005，，9472： | 6 |
| 7 | Competition between collective oblate rotation and non-collective prolate K isomerism in neutron-rich tungsten isotopes显示文摘Recent experiments open up the possibility to investigate oblate rotation-aligned states and prolate high-K isomers in neutron-rich tungsten isotopes.In the present work,we perform the projected-shell-model calculations for A ~ 190 tungsten nuclei.The 190 W results are compared with experimental data.The observed 8 + isomer is assigned as a two-quasiproton K π = 8 + configuration.Low-lying high-K four-quasiparticle states are predicted.Of particular interest is the prediction of the K π = 20 + state in 190,192 W,which may form a long-lived spin trap.In competition with the prolate high-K states,rotational alignment leads to near-yrast collective oblate rotation. | JIAO ChangFeng SHI Yue XU FuRong SUN Yang WALKER P M | 2012 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2012，55，9： | 5 |
| 8 | 健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景
尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，2： | 5 |
| 9 | Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Pierre J Guillou Philip Quirke Helen Thorpe Joanne Walker David G Jayne Adrian MH Smith Richard M Heath Julia M Brown | 2005 | The Lancet2005，，9472： | 4 |
| 10 | 大堡礁和大峡谷世界遗产区的适应性管理显示文摘关于人类和环境相互关系的传统观念正在迅速改变。那种认为人类与自然是相互隔离的,自然资源是取之不尽用之不竭的,而且认为世界是稳定的、可以预测的并且是平衡的旧观点已经过时了。在动态的社会-生态景观中强调学习和灵活性管理为基础的适应性方法的新的理念框架已经迅速初现端倪。我们以两个典型的世界遗产地区(大堡礁和大峡谷)为案例来研究如何在自然资源管理中通过改善科学和社会两个方面的结合来指导多尺度管理系统的变革从而应对和处理人类越来越占据主导的世界中出现的不确定性、风险和变化。 | Terence P.Hughes Lance H.Gunderson Carl Folke Andrew H.Baird David Bellwood Fikret Berkes Beatrice Crona Ariella Helfgott Heather Leslie Jon Norberg Magnus Nystrm Per Olsson Henrik sterblom Marten Scheffer Heidi Schuttenberg Robert S.Steneck Maria Teng Max Troell Brian Walker James Wilson Boris Worm 丁莉 | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，B11： | 4 |
| 11 | HIV-1Gag、Tat、Rev和Nef蛋白特异性的免疫应答显示文摘目的: 探讨中国HIV/AIDS患者HIV-1 Gag、 Tat、 Rev和Nef蛋白特异性CTL应答的特征.方法: 应用覆盖HIV-1B、 C亚型Gag、 Tat、 Rev和Nef蛋白的220个肽段作为抗原, 通过ELISPOT方法检测HIV/AIDS患者HIV特异性CTL应答.结果: 无论HIV-1B亚型还是HIV-1C亚型所构建肽库的应答强度和频率, 主要集中在Gag和Nef蛋白, Tat和Rev蛋白也有不同程度的应答.HIV-1 B、 C亚型间应答比较, 整体应答强度大致相同, 但免疫优势区间存在着一定的差异, B亚型Gagp24亚蛋白的288~313氨基酸区应答最强, 而C亚型Gagp24亚蛋白的155~181氨基酸区应答最强; 两个亚型免疫优势区应答频率最高的都是Nef蛋白106~143氨基酸区(48.1%). 结论: 中国人群CTL应答多集中在Gag和Nef蛋白, B、 C亚型间略有差异且存在交叉识别, 这对设计针对中国人群的HIV疫苗是有重要的意义. | 翟嵩 康文臻 于旭 王少扬 Walker BD Altfeld M 孙永涛 | 2005 | 细胞与分子免疫学杂志2005，21，2： | 3 |
| 12 | Analysis of a Successful Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus显示文摘 | Stewart Cooper Ann L Erickson Erin J Adams Joe Kansopon Amy J Weiner David Y Chien Michael Houghton Peter Parham Christopher M Walker | 1999 | Immunity1999，，4： | 3 |
| 13 | 腹主动脉瘤病因新探讨显示文摘目的 证实家族性因素和遗传性因素在腹主动脉瘤 ( abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)发病中的作用。方法 30 8例澳大利亚欧洲腹主动脉瘤病人和 110例健康对照组以及男女各 4 0例的新生儿对照组。对动脉壁四种重要结构蛋白基因进行等位基因分析。等位基因频率分析采用 Sham and Curtis方法。结果 50例 AAA病人至少有一例直系亲属患有 AAA。在 539例存活的同代亲属中 ,14例查出 AAA,其中 12例已施行了手术治疗。对 74例同代亲属筛选发现 4例患有轻度主动脉扩张 ,6例患有中到重度主动脉扩张。女性病人与对照组之间及女性病人与男性病人之间 ,COL 1A2基因的等位基因频率具有统计学差别。结论 在本组病例中遗传性因素在 AAA发病中起着重要作用。 COL 1A2在男女 AAA发病中作用不同 ,其详细机制有待进一步探讨。 | 徐东 王京生 万峰 M J West Kim Summers Philip Walker | 2000 | 北京医学2000，22，6： | 3 |
| 14 | Comparative transcriptomics of Central Asian Vitis vinifera accessions reveals distinct defense strategies against powdery mildew显示文摘Grape powdery mildew(PM),caused by the biotrophic ascomycete Erysiphe necator,is a devastating fungal disease that affects most Vitis vinifera cultivars.We have previously identified a panel of V.vinifera accessions from Central Asia with partial resistance to PM that possess a Ren1-like local haplotype.In this study,we show that in addition to the typical Ren1-associated late post-penetration resistance,these accessions display a range of different levels of disease development suggesting that alternative alleles or additional genes contribute to determining the outcome of the interaction with the pathogen.To identify potential Ren1-dependent transcriptional responses and functions associated with the different levels of resistance,we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of these Central Asian accessions at two time points of PM infection.Transcriptomes were compared to identify constitutive differences and PM-inducible responses that may underlie their disease resistant phenotype.Responses to E.necator in all resistant accessions were characterized by an early up-regulation of 13 genes,most encoding putative defense functions,and a late down-regulation of 32 genes,enriched in transcriptional regulators and protein kinases.Potential Ren1-dependent responses included a hotspot of co-regulated genes on chromosome 18.We also identified 81 genes whose expression levels and dynamics correlated with the phenotypic differences between the most resistant accessions‘Karadzhandahal’,DVIT3351.27,and O34-16 and the other genotypes.This study provides a first exploration of the functions associated with varying levels of partial resistance to PM in V.vinifera accessions that can be exploited as sources of genetic resistance in grape breeding programs. | Katherine C H Amrine Barbara Blanco-Ulate Summaira Riaz Dániel Pap Laura Jones Rosa Figueroa-Balderas M Andrew Walker Dario Cantu | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 3 |
| 15 | Common variation in the LMNA gene (encoding lamin A/C) and type 2 diabetes - Association analyses in 9,518 subjects显示文摘 | Owen, KR Groves, CJ Hanson, RL Knowler, WC Shuldiner, AR Elbein, SC Mitchell, BD Froguel,P Ng, MCY Chan, JC Jia, WP Deloukas, P Hitman, GA Walker, M Frayling, TM Hattersley, AT Zeggini, E McCarthy, MI | 2007 | 中国生物学文摘2007，21，11： | 2 |
| 16 | Biology of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on Ostriniae nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and survey for additional hosts显示文摘 | HOFFMANN M P WALKER D L SHELTON A M | 1998 | Entomophaga1998，40，： | 2 |
| 17 | Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Pierre J Guillou Philip Quirke Helen Thorpe Joanne Walker David G Jayne Adrian MH Smith Richard M Heath Julia M Brown | 2005 | 2005 (9472)2005，，9472： | 2 |
| 18 | A rat model of bone cancer pain显示文摘 | S.J Medhurst K Walker M Bowes B.L Kidd M Glatt M Muller M Hattenberger J Vaxelaire T O’Reilly G Wotherspoon J Winter J Green L Urban | 2002 | Pain2002，，： | 2 |
| 19 | 指导性集体锻炼对治疗中的早期乳腺癌妇女的益处:实用性随机对照试验显示文摘目的确定12周指导性集体锻炼对治疗中的早期乳腺癌患者在机体功能和心理上的获益,并随访6个月。设计实用性、前瞻性、随机对照、开放性试验。地点苏格兰3家国家医疗卫生服务体系肿瘤门诊和社区运动设施。参加者共203位妇女参加研究;其中177位完成6个月随访。干预与常规护理相对照,干预组予12周指导性集体锻炼加常规护理。主要结果评价癌症治疗功能评价(FACT)问卷、贝克抑郁问卷、正性和负性情绪量表、体重指数、7日体力活动回忆问卷、12分钟步行实验和肩关节活动度评估。结果对基线值、研究中心、基线治疗和参加干预试验时的年龄进行校正后,综合效应模型的评估结果(干预组减对照组)显示第12周时:12分钟步行距离为129米(95%可信区间83~176),1周的中等强度活动时间182分钟(75~289),肩关节活动度2.6(1.6~3.7),乳腺癌特定的生活质量量表2.5(1.0~3.9),正性情绪4.0(1.8~6.3)。初步结果未发现干预锻炼对生活质量综合量表(FACT-G)有影响。随访6个月后,大多数效果维持不变,并且在乳腺癌特定的生活质量上得到改善。尚未有不良反应的报道。结论在12周干预锻炼结束时以及6个月后,指导性集体锻炼均显示出机体功能和心理上的获益。因此临床医生应该鼓励患者活动,决策者们应该考虑把体育锻炼纳入到癌症康复服务中来。试验注册号当前对照试验 ISRCTN12587864[controlled-trial.com]。 | Nanette Mutrie Anna M Campbell Fiona Whyte Alex McConnachie Carol Emslie Laura Lee Nora Kearney Andrew Walker Diana Ritchie 方桦(译) 王燕(校) | 2007 | 英国医学杂志中文版2007，10，4： | 2 |
| 20 | 文化、不平等性与卫生服务提供显示文摘1动态不平等性对基层医疗卫生人力的影响
政治、社会、文化、专业群体皆建立在一致且常规的人类行为之上。当遭受巨大变革和内外压力时,这些群体会变得十分脆弱。尤其在动荡时期,这些群体往往更关注社会和文化的差异性,而非二者的一致性。尽管社会中的个体思维和行为会呈现较大的差异,但对健康的感知具有统一性,并在更广范围人群内尤为突出,这主要归因于文化价值观的作用。广义的文化心态会随着时间和地理位置的不同而不同,就像健康的社会决定因素也会因文化类型的不同而产生差异。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese J Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Horne R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams A C Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，3： | 2 |
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