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| 1 | 恢复力与可持续发展:在瞬息万变的世界中增强适应能力显示文摘由于在以往的自然资源政策上逐渐暴露出了两个带根本性的错误,人们开始意识到在环境管理理论和实践方面需要进行一场全球性的重大改革。第一个错误是毫无保留地假定生态系统对人类利用所作出的反应是呈线性关系、是可以预测和控制的。第二个错误是认定人娄社会与天然系统可以分别对待,不必联系在一起进行考虑。然而,从世界各地收集到的证据表明,天然系统和人类社会系统是以非线性方式运行的,在其动态运行过程中均有其显著的极限,而且,人类社会与生态系统表现为一种紧密相联的、复杂的且不断演变的综合系统。本文是代表瑞典政府环境咨询委员会编写的一份报告的摘要,这份报告是作为向2002年8月26日~9月4日在南非约翰内斯堡召开的可持续发展世界首脑会议献礼的论文而撰写的。从概念上说,恢复力是一种能缓冲变化所带来的影响、学习知识和求得发展的能力,我们将它作为在一个纷纭复杂、快速变化的世界中,是否真正懂得如何维护和提高适应能力的一种参照标准来使用。在社会、生态综合系统中,有两种有用的工具可用来提高恢复力,一种是结构严谨的工作方案,另一种是积极的适应力管理。这两种工具都需要而且有助于形成这样一种社会环境:具有灵活开放的组织机构和多层次的监管体制,允许学习适应力方面的知识和提高适应力但又不妨碍对来来的发展作出选择。 | Carl Folke Steve Carpenter Thomas Elmqvist Lance Gunderson C.S.Holling Brian Walker 刘林群 | 2002 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2002，31，5： | 34 |
| 2 | CONFLICT ANALYSIS APPROACHES FOR INVESTIGATING ATTITUDES AND MISPERCEPTIONS IN THE WAR OF 1812显示文摘设计途径到为错误感觉和态度建模的正式系统在图模型的框架以内被采用让冲突分辨率系统地学习在美国和大 Britainin 顺序之间的 1812 的战争提供提高的卓见进战争的原因。更明确地,为偏爱,运动和稳定性概念的关系定义为描述态度被定义并且联系了涉及冲突的决定制造者的行为。到在 1812 的战争的决定制造者的俘获错误感觉,态度在一场亢奋的比赛的结构以内被学习。在图模型的范例以内的 Combiningattitudes 和错误感觉供应证明由英国和美国的态度的那误解可能贡献了这不干净的战争的爆发的灵活分析工具。 | Takehiro INOHARA Keith W. HIPEL Sean WALKER | 2007 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2007，16，2： | 29 |
| 3 | HAART治疗20例艾滋病患者疗效评估显示文摘目的 评价高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(Highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)对我国艾滋病(AIDS)患者的疗效.方法 对20例接受免费HAART治疗1~2年(平均18个月)的HIV-1感染的晚期患者进行横断面调查,检测HIV-RNA病毒载量、CD4^+T淋巴细胞绝对计数、HIV特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)应答、常规生化检验和临床指标观察.结果 所有观察对象在HAART治疗1~2年(平均18个月)后,临床症状明显改善:大部分患者病毒复制得到有效抑制,80%患者血浆中HIV-RNA载量在检测水平以下,CD4^+T淋巴细胞绝对计数平均356.9±155.7/mm^3,其中8例(40%)大于400/mm^3;CTL应答频率和效应在每个蛋白区都有应答,对Nef蛋白应答较为突出.结论 HAART治疗对我国HIV/AIDS患者疗效显著,能提高HIV-1感染者的生活质量,降低机会性感染,并使部分免疫功能重建,具有较高的安全性和耐受性. | 刘小利 王少杨 翟嵩 庄严 李新红 康文臻 于旭 Marcus Altfeld Bruce Walker 孙永涛 | 2006 | 中国艾滋病性病2006，12，2： | 27 |
| 4 | 2020年后的贫困及反贫困:回顾、展望与建议显示文摘在脱贫攻坚战于2020年取得全面胜利之际,我国创造了世界减贫史上的最大成就。2020后,我国的贫困问题将由绝对贫困转向长期存在的相对贫困,制定2020后的反贫困策略,需要解决以下关键问题:关注贫困的动态性,对收入趋近于贫困线的脆弱群体予以更多支持;更好地理解相对贫困的概念,及其在我国城乡和不同区域之间形成的原因和具体呈现方式;核算设定与我国经济发展水平相匹配的贫困线,并以此作为消除相对贫困、促进社会团结的政策工具;从贫困群体的视角理解多维贫困,以更趋近贫困本质。 | 杨力超 Robert Walker | 2020 | 贵州社会科学2020，，2： | 26 |
| 5 | Angiographic evaluation and management of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage显示文摘Although most cases of acute nonvariceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage either spontaneously resolve or respond to medical management or endoscopic treatment,there are still a significant number of patients who require emergency angiography and transcatheter treatment.Evaluation with noninvasive imaging such as nuclear scintigraphy or computed tomography may localize the bleeding source and/or confirm active hemorrhage prior to angiography.Any angiographic evaluation should begin with selective catheterization of the artery supplying the most likely site of bleeding,as determined by the available clinical,endoscopic and imaging data.If a hemorrhage source is identified,superselective catheterization followed by transcatheter microcoil embolization is usually the most effective means of successfully controlling hemorrhage while minimizing potential complications.This is now wellrecognized as a viable and safe alternative to emergency surgery.In selected situations transcatheter intra-arterial infusion of vasopressin may also be useful in controlling acute gastrointestinal bleeding.One must be aware of the various side effects and potential complications associated with this treatment,however,and recognize the high re-bleeding rate.In this article we review the current role of angiography,transcatheter arterial embolization and infusion therapy in the evaluation and management of nonvariceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage. | T Gregory Walker Gloria M Salazar Arthur C Waltman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，11： | 24 |
| 6 | 肾脏病学的新创意:“肾脏疾病:改善全球预后”(KDIGO)显示文摘慢性肾脏病(CKD)是世界范围的医疗和公共卫生问题,并开始呈现流行性的特点.美国肾脏数据系统(USRDS)的数据提示,终末期肾衰的发病率呈上升趋势,因此对于这一问题的重视日益增加.根据近期USRDS登记系统提供的资料,世界范围内需要肾脏替代治疗(RRT)的终末期肾病(ESRD)患者数目持续上升,其中我国台湾、美国和日本最多(254~365人/100万人)[1].卡塔尔和巴斯克地区的儿童患病率最高,分别为33.7人/100万人和22.7人/100万人;在大于等于20岁患者中患病率最高的是卡塔尔、美国和台湾.在欧洲,德国的患病率最高,2000年为175人/100万人.在RRT仍在发展中的东欧,报道的患病率低于西欧[2]. | Norbert Lameire Garabed Eknoyan Rashad Barsoum Kai-Uwe Eckardt Adeera Levin Nathan Levin Francesco Locatelli Alison Macleod Raymond Vanholder Rowan Walker Haiyan Wang 张路霞 王海燕 | 2005 | 中华肾脏病杂志2005，21，12： | 19 |
| 7 | Surgical decompression in acute spinal cord injury: A review of clinical evidence, animal model studies, and potential future directions of investigation显示文摘为在尖锐针的绳索损害(SCI ) 的治疗的目标是减少第二等的损坏的程度并且便于神经新生和功能的恢复。尽管多重研究为尖锐 SCI 的治疗调查了潜在的新治疗,结果和管理协议在病人在改善瞄准了神经损害仍然保持无效。更最近的临床、基本的科学研究显示了外科的干预是为治疗的一种潜在地珍贵的形式;然而,角色并且外科的解压缩预定除了最佳的外科的干预,仍然是与尖锐 SCI 的外科的治疗相关的最争论的话题之一。当越来越多的潜在的治疗形式出现,动物模型为调查它的临床的申请和翻译进人的审判是枢轴的。这评论极其估价可得到的文学让临床、基本的科学研究加亮调查的程度考虑的那发生的、特定的治疗,和为未来研究的潜在的区域。 | Yiping LI Chandler L. WALKER Yi Ping ZHANG Christopher B. SHIELDS Xiao-Ming XU | 2014 | Frontiers in Biology2014，9，2： | 14 |
| 8 | The Chinese skeleton: insights into microstructure that help to explain the epidemiology of fracture显示文摘Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem worldwide, but incidence varies greatly across racial groups and geographic regions. Recent work suggests that the incidence of osteoporotic fracture is rising among Asian populations. Studies comparing areal bone mineral density and fracture across races generally indicate lower bone mineral density in Asian individuals including the Chinese, but this does not reflect their relatively low risk of non-vertebral fractures. In contrast, the Chinese have relatively high vertebral fracture rates similar to that of Caucasians. The paradoxically low risk for some types of fractures among the Chinese despite their low areal bone mineral density has been elucidated in part by recent advances in skeletal imaging.New techniques for assessing bone quality non-invasively demonstrate that the Chinese compensate for smaller bone size by differences in hip geometry and microstructural skeletal organization. Studies evaluating factors influencing racial differences in bone remodeling, as well as bone acquisition and loss, may further elucidate racial variation in bone microstructure. Advances in understanding the microstructure of the Chinese skeleton have not only helped to explain the epidemiology of fracture in the Chinese, but may also provide insight into the epidemiology of fracture in other races as well. | Elaine Cong Marcella D Walker | 2014 | Bone Research2014，2，2： | 13 |
| 9 | Transporters Contributing to Iron Trafficking in Plants显示文摘这评论将在在维持铁(Fe ) 动态平衡的整个植物的生理的过程理解 transporters 的许多角色讨论最近的进步。这些过程经由根从土壤包括举起,从根的运输到的控制未葬植物的部分,从木部 Fe 卸掉在未葬部分, Fe 装进线粒体和质体,到植物的繁殖部分的 Fe 的运输,并且 Fe 动员在种子萌芽期间。另外,我们将讨论种使用应付 Fe 获得的显然非计划中的后果的机制:经由 Fe transporters 的有毒的重金属的举起。快速的进步在理解在最后涉及每这些区域的运输过程被取得了 5 ? 年和这评论将集中于这最近的进步。我们将也关于尚待被阐明的运输步加亮关键问题。 | Sarah S. Conte Elsbeth L. Walker | 2011 | Molecular Plant2011，4，3： | 11 |
| 10 | First-line endoscopic treatment with over-the-scope clips significantly improves the primary failure and rebleeding rates in high-risk gastrointestinal bleeding: A single-center experience with 100 cases显示文摘AIM To evaluate rebleeding, primary failure(PF) and mortality of patients in whom over-the-scope clips(OTSCs) were used as first-line and second-line endoscopic treatment(FLET, SLET) of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB, LGIB).METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database identified all patients with UGIB and LGIB in a tertiary endoscopic referral center of the University of Freiburg, Germany, from 04-2012 to 05-2016(n= 93) who underwent FLET and SLET with OTSCs. The complete Rockall risk scores were calculated from patients with UGIB. The scores were categorized as < or ≥ 7 and were compared with the original Rockall data. Differences between FLET and SLET were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the factors that influenced rebleeding after OTSC placement.RESULTS Primary hemostasis and clinical success of bleeding lesions(without rebleeding) was achieved in 88/100(88%) and 78/100(78%), respectively. PF was significantly lower when OTSCs were applied as FLET compared to SLET(4.9% vs 23%, P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, patients who had OTSC placement as SLET had a significantly higher rebleeding risk compared to those who had FLET(OR 5.3; P = 0.008). Patients with Rockall risk scores ≥ 7 had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to those with scores < 7(35% vs 10%, P = 0.034). No significant differences were observed in patients with scores < or ≥ 7 in rebleeding and rebleeding-associated mortality.CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time that FLET with OTSC might be the best predictor to successfully prevent rebleeding of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to SLET. The type of treatment determines the success of primary hemostasis or primary failure. | Hans-Jürgen Richter-Schrag Torben Glatz Christine Walker Andreas Fischer Robert Thimme | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，41： | 11 |
| 11 | Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus显示文摘Diabetes mellitus affects virtually every organ system in the body and the degree of organ involvement depends on the duration and severity of the disease,and other co-morbidities.Gastrointestinal(GI) involvement can present with esophageal dysmotility,gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD),gastroparesis,enteropathy,non alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and glycogenic hepatopathy.Severity of GERD is inversely related to glycemic control and management is with prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors.Diabetic gastroparesis manifests as early satiety,bloating,vomiting,abdominal pain and erratic glycemic control.Gastric emptying scintigraphy is considered the gold standard test for diagnosis.Management includes dietary modifications,maintaining euglycemia,prokinetics,endoscopic and surgical treatments.Diabetic enteropathy is also common and management involves glycemic control and symptomatic measures.NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and treatment ismainly lifestyle measures,with diabetes and dyslipidemia management when coexistent.Glycogenic hepatopathy is a manifestation of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes and is managed by prompt insulin treatment.Though GI complications of diabetes are relatively common,awareness about its manifestations and treatment options are low among physicians.Optimal management of GI complications is important for appropriate metabolic control of diabetes and improvement in quality of life of the patient.This review is an update on the GI complications of diabetes,their pathophysiology,diagnostic evaluation and management. | Babu Krishnan Shithu Babu Jessica Walker Adrian B Walker Joseph M Pappachan | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，3： | 10 |
| 12 | 人类首例基因编辑婴儿试验:伦理失范和善治的迫切性(英文)显示文摘近年来,中国生物医学研究快速发展的同时,也在伦理治理方面带来了挑战。贺建奎公开声称其胚胎基因编辑婴儿诞生后,立即招致广泛的批评、谴责和激烈的伦理和法律大辩论。以生育为目的的胚胎基因编辑操作违反了公认的伦理规范,具体包括:较低的科学价值、不合理的风险-受益比、伦理审查不合规、并非真正的知情同意等。这说明主要依靠科研人员自律的机构伦理治理体系是成问题的,为此需要在不同层面上改进伦理治理水平,强化技术和伦理指南和法规。 | Jing-ru LI Simon WALKER Jing-bao NIE Xin-qing ZHANG | 2019 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2019，20，1： | 10 |
| 13 | The joint automated repository for various integrated simulations (JARVIS) for data-driven materials design显示文摘The Joint Automated Repository for Various Integrated Simulations(JARVIS)is an integrated infrastructure to accelerate materials discovery and design using density functional theory(DFT),classical force-fields(FF),and machine learning(ML)techniques.JARVIS is motivated by the Materials Genome Initiative(MGI)principles of developing open-access databases and tools to reduce the cost and development time of materials discovery,optimization,and deployment. | Kamal Choudhary Kevin F.Garrity Andrew C.E.Reid Brian DeCost Adam J.Biacchi Angela R.Hight Walker Zachary Trautt Jason Hattrick-Simpers A.Gilad Kusne Andrea Centrone Albert Davydov Jie Jiang Ruth Pachter Gowoon Cheon Evan Reed Ankit Agrawal Xiaofeng Qian Vinit Sharma Houlong Zhuang Sergei V.Kalinin Bobby G.Sumpter Ghanshyam Pilania Pinar Acar Subhasish Mandal Kristjan Haule David Vanderbilt Karin Rabe Francesca Tavazza | 2020 | npj Computational Materials2020，，1： | 10 |
| 14 | PTEN/PI3K and MAPK signaling in protection and pathology following CNS injuries显示文摘大脑和针的绳索损害开始普遍时间、空间的 neurodegeneration,通过坏死、规划的房间死亡机制。发炎,反应氧化, excitotoxicity 和新陈代谢的过程的房间特定的 dysregulation 被创伤的侮辱怂恿并且是到这累积损坏的主要贡献者。成功的处理依靠混乱的大小的预防或减小,并且通过表明串联的调整防碍有害细胞的回答是一条有效途径。二细胞内部的发信号小径,磷酸酶和 tensin 相当或相同的事物(PTEN )/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K ) 和表明串联的 mitogenactivated 蛋白质 kinase (MAPK ) 在正常、病理学的条件下面起各种各样的细胞的作用。两条小径的激活能在多重 CNS 混乱影响解剖、功能的结果。然而,一些机制涉及禁止或提高一条小径或其它,或,在宣传特定的下游的效果。尽管许多细胞内部的机制贡献房间回答侮辱,这评论检验探索在病理, neuroprotection,和修理上表明影响的 PTEN/PI3K 和 MAPK 的证据并且这些小径怎么可以为推进知识并且在对大脑和针的绳索的损害以后改进神经病学的结果被指向。 | Chandler L. WALKER | 2013 | Frontiers in Biology2013，8，4： | 9 |
| 15 | 元谋古猿下颌臼齿三维立体特征显示文摘采用欧氏距离矩阵分析 (EDMA)方法对 72枚元谋古猿及作为对比样本的 10枚禄丰古猿、现生大猿类和人类下颌臼齿齿冠 13个测量标志点三维测量数据的统计分析显示 :元谋古猿在下颌臼齿齿冠三维形态测量特征上与禄丰古猿最为接近。与现生大猿类及人类相比 ,元谋古猿和禄丰古猿均与人类之间呈现出非常显著的差异 ,而与猿类较为接近。它们两者及现生大猿类均与人类之间具有许多共同的差异表现特点。元谋古猿在下颌臼齿三维测量特征方面与三种现生大猿类各自之间的差别表现相似。其中 ,元谋古猿与猩猩之间在牙齿形态特征上似乎更为接近。 | 刘武 郑良 Alan Walker | 2001 | 人类学学报2001，20，3： | 8 |
| 16 | 对遗传性易栓症检查与治疗的指导意见显示文摘国际上对易栓症尚无统一的定义。英国血液学会标准化委员会提出,易栓症是指“易导致血栓形成的止血机理异常”。这个定义被广泛地采用,但也有两点不足之处:①随着新的易栓状态不断发现,很多有这类异常的人并无症状;②虽然已认识到各种能增加血栓危险的异常,但至少50%有血栓病史的患者经详细的实验室检查后仍找不到原因。在北美地区医生将易栓症患者限定为有自发性静脉血栓或其严重性比预期的高,或反复性静脉血栓发作,或在年青时就有静脉血栓的人。这个概念可能在临床上更有用。 | Walker ID Greaves M Preston FE 王兆钺 | 2004 | 国外医学(输血及血液学分册)2004，27，6： | 8 |
| 17 | High-throughput density functional perturbation theory and machine learning predictions of infrared,piezoelectric,and dielectric responses显示文摘Many technological applications depend on the response of materials to electric fields,but available databases of such responses are limited.Here,we explore the infrared,piezoelectric,and dielectric properties of inorganic materials by combining highthroughput density functional perturbation theory and machine learning approaches.We computeΓ-point phonons,infrared intensities,Born-effective charges,piezoelectric,and dielectric tensors for 5015 non-metallic materials in the JARVIS-DFT database.We find 3230 and 1943 materials with at least one far and mid-infrared mode,respectively. | Kamal Choudhary Kevin F.Garrity Vinit Sharma Adam J.Biacchi Angela R.Hight Walker Francesca Tavazza | 2020 | npj Computational Materials2020，，1： | 7 |
| 18 | 中国地方政府绩效评估中的绩效维度:现状与未来——基于德尔菲法的研究显示文摘对绩效的认识是确定政府绩效评估内容的基础,而评估内容往往反映了对不同绩效维度的使用。本文应用德尔菲法,对当前地方政府绩效评估中各种绩效维度的使用情况进行系统描述,并对其未来可能的发展趋势进行预测。分析表明,目前各地政府偏重于用'关键议题是否解决'来衡量政府绩效,以GDP为代表的'正式的效果'被普遍而且优先使用;而在未来三年中,各种绩效维度的使用均会得到不同程度的加强,各个维度的使用情况将可能不再存在显著差异,总体上会向着评估内容逐渐全面、区域之间逐渐统一的方向发展。 | 吴建南 白波 Richard Walker | 2009 | 情报杂志2009，28，10： | 7 |
| 19 | Leukemia:研究鉴定出与34种AML白血病亚群相关联的基因突变显示文摘针对成年急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者的一项新的大型研究将80种癌症相关基因突变与5种AML亚型相关联。这5种AML亚型可通过特异性的染色体异常加以确定。在未来,这些发现可能有助指导基因突变测试和治疗决策。 | A-K Eisfeld K Mrózek J Kohlschmidt D Nicolet S Orwick C J Walker K W Kroll J S Blachly A J Carroll J E Kolitz B L Powell E S Wang R M Stone A de la Chapelle J C Byrd C D Bloomfield | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，15： | 7 |
| 20 | 地方政府绩效评估中的利益相关者与绩效数据——基于德尔菲法的研究显示文摘文章用德尔菲法,通过对地方政府绩效评估中19种利益相关者和16种绩效数据使用情况的调查,研究了地方政府绩效评估活动中利益相关者与绩效数据的现状和相互关系。研究结果表明,利益相关者和绩效数据之间呈现简单的线性关系,呈现出'一荣俱荣,一损俱损'的局面。研究还发现在现阶段绩效评估中更多关注的是政府内部利益相关者的诉求,更多使用的是政府内部绩效数据来判断政府绩效好坏。该研究对上述发现内在原因进行了分析,并提出未来改进的建议。 | 吴建南 刘佳 Richard M Walker | 2011 | 华东经济管理2011，25，4： | 7 |
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