| 2 | Old vs new: Risk factors predicting early onset colorectal cancer显示文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of all cancer related deaths in the United States and Europe.Although the incidence has been decreasing for individuals’≥50,it has been on the rise for individuals<50.AIM To identify potential risk factors for early-onset CRC.METHODS A population-based cohort analysis using a national database,Explorys,screened all patients with an active electronic medical record from January 2012 to December 2016 with a diagnosis of CRC.Subgroups were stratified based on age(25–49 years vs≥50 years).Demographics,comorbidities,and symptom profiles were recorded and compared between both age groups.Furthermore,the younger group was also compared with a control group consisting of individuals aged 25-49 years within the same timeframe without a diagnosis of CRC.Twentydata points for CRC related factors were analyzed to identify potential risk factors specific to early-onset CRC.RESULTS A total of 68860 patients were identified with CRC,of which 5710(8.3%)were younger than 50 years old,with 4140(73%)between 40-49 years of age.Multivariable analysis was reported using odds ratio(OR)with 95%CI and demonstrated that several factors were associated with an increased risk of CRC in the early-onset group versus the later-onset group.These factors included:African-American race(OR 1.18,95%CI:1.09-1.27,P<0.001),presenting symptoms of abdominal pain(OR 1.82,95%CI:1.72-1.92,P<0.001),rectal pain(OR 1.50,95%CI:1.28-1.77,P<0.001),altered bowel function(OR 1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P=0.0005),having a family history of any cancer(OR 1.78,95%CI:1.67-1.90,P<0.001),gastrointestinal(GI)malignancy(OR 2.36,95%CI:2.18-2.55,P<0.001),polyps(OR 1.41,95%CI:1.08-1.20,P<0.001),and obesity(OR 1.14,95%CI:1.08-1.20,P<0.001).Comparing the early-onset cohort versus the control group,factors that were associated with an increased risk of CRC were:male gender(OR 1.34,95%CI:1.27-1.41),P<0.001),Caucasian(OR 1.48,95%CI:1.40-1.57,P<0.001)and African-American race(OR 1.25,95%CI:1.17-1.35,P<0.001),presenting symptoms of abdominal pain(OR 4.73,95%CI:4.49-4.98,P<0.001),rectal pain(OR 7.48,95%CI:6.42-8.72,P<0.001),altered bowel function(OR 5.51,95%CI:5.19-5.85,P<0.001),rectal bleeding(OR 9.83,95%CI:9.12-10.6,P<0.001),weight loss(OR 7.43,95%CI:6.77-8.15,P<0.001),having a family history of cancer(OR 11.66,95%CI:10.97-12.39,P<0.001),GI malignancy(OR 28.67,95%CI:26.64-30.86,P<0.001),polyps(OR 8.15,95%CI:6.31-10.52,P<0.001),tobacco use(OR 2.46,95%CI:2.33-2.59,P<0.001),alcohol use(OR 1.71,95%CI:1.62-1.80,P<0.001),presence of colitis(OR 4.10,95%CI:3.79-4.43,P<0.001),and obesity(OR 2.88,95%CI:2.74-3.04,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Pending further investigation,these potential risk factors should lower the threshold of suspicion for early CRC and potentially be used to optimize guidelines for early screening. | Aslam R Syed Payal Thakkar Zachary D Horne Heitham Abdul-Baki Gursimran Kochhar Katie Farah Shyam Thakkar | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2019，11，11： | 6 |
| 3 | Evaluation of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine produced in India显示文摘AIM: (1) To gain information on immune responses to an accelerated schedule of 0, 1, and 2 mo in paramedical staff and BDS students who are at an increased risk of getting hepatitis B infection and come under high risk groups. (2) To assess the efficacy and safety of EnivacHB in different age groups, using genetically modified yeast strain Pichia pastoris, a new recombinant hepatitis B vaccine developed and manufactured in India.METHODS: A prospective, comparative, and single blinded trial of rapid (0, 1, and 2 mo) hepatitis B immunization schedulewas reported. A total of three hundred and seven (212 females and 95 males) healthy volunteers divided into three age groups (18-29, 30-39,and 40-49) were enrolled after screening for markers of hepatitis B. All the volunteers received 20 mg of the vaccine intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 2 mo.RESULTS: Geometric mean titers were calculated pre and post vaccination. Before immunization the GMT was 0.0124 mIU/mL. One month after the administration of the third dose of recombinant vaccine 296/307 (96.5%)subjects achieved seroprotective levels of anti-HBs. The geometric mean anti-HBs titers achieved after one month of the third dose was 2 560.0 mIU/mL. The geometric mean anti-HBs titer of males was 2 029.0 mIU/mL, while that of the females was 2 759.0 mIU/mL. In the age group of 18-29 years, anti-HBs titer was 3 025.0 mIU/mL, while that in the age group of 30-39 years was 2096.0 mIU/mL. In third age group of 40-49 years, antiHBs titer was 1 592.0 mIU/mL. Hyper-responses (antiHBs≥100 mIU/mL) were shown in 88.0% (271/307) of subjects. Eleven (3.5%) subjects responded poorly to the vaccine in the age group of 40-49 years. There was only mild pain at the site of injection otherwise there were no other adverse drug reactions (ADRs).CONCLUSION: This vaccine (Enivac-HB) is safe and efficacious, providing significant protection after the third dose and rapid hepatitis B immunization schedule of 0, 1, and 2 mo can be recommended whenever rapid protection is the goal. | Zahid Hussain Syed S Ali Syed A Husain Mohammad Raish Deepika R Sharma Premashis Kar | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，45： | 3 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员