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| 1 | Operative complications and economic outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Recent management of acute cholecystitis favors same admission(SA)or emergent cholecystectomy based on overall shorter hospital stay and therefore cost savings.We adopted the practice of SA cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis at our tertiary care center and wanted to evaluate the economic benefit of this practice.We hypothesized that the existence of complications,particularly among patients with a higher degree of disease severity,during SA cholecystectomy could negate the cost savings.AIM To compare complication rates and hospital costs between SA vs delayed cholecystectomy among patients admitted emergently for acute cholecystitis.METHODS Under an IRB-approved protocol,complications and charges for were obtained for SA,later after conservative management(Delayed),or elective cholecystectomies over an 8.5-year period.Patients were identified using the acute care surgery registry and billing database.Data was retrieved via EMR,operative logs,and Revenue Cycle Operations.The severity of acute cholecystitis was graded according to the Tokyo Guidelines.TG18 categorizes acute cholecystitis by Grades 1,2,and 3 representing mild,moderate,and severe,respectively.Comparisons were analyzed withχ2,Fisher’s exact test,ANOVA,ttests,and logistic regression;significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS Four hundred eighty-six(87.7%)underwent a SA while 68 patients(12.3%)received Delayed cholecystectomy.Complication rates were increased after SA compared to Delayed cholecystectomy(18.5%vs 4.4%,P=0.004).The complication rates of patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy was similar to the rate for elective cholecystectomy(7.4%,P=0.35).Mortality rates were 0.6%vs 0%for SA vs Delayed.Patients with moderate disease(Tokyo 2)suffered more complications among SA while none who were delayed experienced a complication(16.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001).Total hospital charges for SA cholecystectomy were increased compared to a Delayed approach($44500±$59000 vs$35300±$16700,P=0.019).The relative risk of developing a complication was 4.2x[95%confidence interval(CI):1.4-12.9]in the SA vs Delayed groups.Among eight patients(95%CI:5.0-12.3)with acute cholecystitis undergoing SA cholecystectomy,one patient will suffer a complication.CONCLUSION Patients with Tokyo Grade 2 acute cholecystitis had more complications and increased hospital charges when undergoing SA cholecystectomy.This data supports a selective approach to SA cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. | Christopher P Rice Krishnamurthy B Vaishnavi Celia Chao Daniel Jupiter August B Schaeffer Whitney R Jenson Lance W Griffin William J Mileski | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，48： | 8 |
| 2 | Opposite effects of nitrogen fertilization and plastic film mulching on crop N and P stoichiometry in a temperate agroecosystem显示文摘Aims Crop nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry can influence food nutritive quality and many ecosystem processes.However,how and why N and P stoichiometry respond to long-term agricul-tural management practices(e.g.N fertilization and film mulching)are not clearly understood.Methods We collected maize tissues(leaf,stem,root and seed)and soil sam-ples from a temperate cropland under 30-year continuous N fer-tilization and plastic film mulching treatments,measured their C,N and P concentrations(the proportion(%)relative to the sample mass),and used structural equation models to uncover the re-sponding mechanisms for crop N and P contents(the total amount(g/m2)in crop biomass).Important Findings Long-term N fertilization increased N concentrations in all crop tissues but sharply decreased P concentrations in vegetative tis-sues(leaf,stem and root),thereby reducing their C/N ratio and increasing C/P and N/P ratios.The drop in P concentration in vegetative tissues was due to the dilution effect by biomass in-crement and the priority of P supply for seed production.In con-trast,film mulching decreased N concentration but increased P concentrations in most crop tissues,thereby increasing C/N ratio and reducing C/P and N/P ratios.Film mulching increased crop P content by increasing soil temperature and moisture;whereas,mulching showed little effect on crop N content,because a posi-tive effects of soil temperature may have canceled out a negative effect by soil moisture.This indicated a decoupling of P and N uptake by crops under film mulching.In conclusion,N fertiliza-tion and plastic film mulching showed opposite effects of on crop N and P stoichiometry. | Fan Ding Shuangyi Li Xiao-Tao Lü Feike A.Dijkstra Sean Schaeffer Tingting An Jiubo Pei Liangjie Sun Jingkuan Wang | 2019 | Journal of Plant Ecology2019，12，4： | 8 |
| 3 | Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the colon in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘A case is presented of a 36-year-old male with primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated inflammatory bowel disease(PSC-IBD) and two synchronous stage 1 adenocarcinomata of the colon,who was initially treated with a subtotal colectomy with ileostomy.One year later,the patient presented with extensive intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy and peritoneal carcinomatosis,as well as a markedly elevated serum level of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP).Fine needle aspiration biopsy of a porta hepatis lymph node revealed a metastatic hepatoid adenocarcinoma.Subsequent review of the previous colectomy specimen showed that one of the previously identified adenocarcinomata had features suggestive of a hepatoid colonic adenocarcinoma.The patient was subsequently treated with a cytotoxic regimen of FOLFOX(oxaliplatin,leucovorin,5-fluorouracil) and bevacizumab,with stable results being achieved after six months.This case presents the first known report of PSC-IBD associated with synchronous typical and hepatoid adenocarcinomata of the colon and highlights the importance of considering hepatoid adenocarcinoma as a differential diagnosis in patients with an increasing serum AFP level. | Yuanyuan Chen David F Schaeffer Eric M Yoshida | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，35： | 6 |
| 4 | Application of Cydia pomonella expressed sequence tags: Identification and expression of three general odorant binding proteins in codling moth显示文摘幼鳕蛾, Cydia pomonella,是在世界上的梨果水果的最重要的害虫之一,然而,分子的遗传和这个昆虫遗体的生理学糟糕理解。8341 个表示顺序标签的一个联合集会从八个织物特定的 cDNA 图书馆定序的 Roche 454 GS-FLX 被产生。通常认为的化学感应的蛋白质(12 ) 和有气味的东西绑定蛋白质(OBP )(18 ) 被注解,它包括了三通常认为的一般 OBP (GOBP ) ,一个人典型地非常为另外的鳞翅目报导了。为了推进,描绘 CpomGOBPs,我们克隆他们的抄本的 cDNA 拷贝并且在各种各样的纸巾决定了他们的表示模式。为 CpomGOBP1 698nt 抄本克隆并且定序导致了编码区域的 163 氨基酸的预言,并且随后的 RT-PCR 显示抄本主要在天线和 mouthparts 被表示。CpomGOBP3 抄本主要是的 702 nt (169 氨基酸) 在天线, mouthparts,和女腹部表示了的 CpomGOBP2 和小说付小费给的 1289 nt (160 氨基酸) 。这些结果显示定序的那下一代为兴趣的新奇抄本的鉴定是有用的,并且那幼鳕蛾表示为 GOBP 亚科的一个新成员编码的一个抄本。 | Stephen F. Garczynski Brad S. Coates Thomas R. Unruh Scott Schaeffer Derick Jiwan Tyson Koepke Amit Dhingra | 2013 | Insect Science2013，20，5： | 6 |
| 5 | 植物在修复、固定和重建水生、陆生生态系统中的应用显示文摘植物能够吸收或降解污染物来修复受污染的土壤和水体[1-2],还能固定土壤、泥沙防止侵蚀和污染物从固体介质中释放[3]。众多无机和有机污染物都能被对其有耐性且生物量大的植物有效降解。例如,凤眼莲能吸收和净化来自金矿采掘废水的氰化物,这类废水含各种氰化物以及重金属元素的浓度达到导致生物体产生毒性效应的水平。检测表明氰化物对凤眼莲的半数致死剂量(LC50)为13 mg/L,将经过高浓度氰化物废水驯化后的凤眼莲放在野外小型湿地进行试验,结果显示这类植物对氰化物的降解效率更高。放射性同位素试验发现氰化物分子中的C和N原子经过植物代谢合成天冬酰胺,从而将有毒性的氰化物转化为无毒的产物[4]。尾矿场也可以用植物来修复,一方面植物可以过滤污染物浓度很高的渗滤液,另一方面栽种植物可以固定边坡减少侵蚀。将高覆盖度植被的概念应用在一个尾矿场上,通过种植北美黄杉使其全年都维持较高的蒸腾效率来减少渗滤液。而边坡的固定首先需要在坡面安置固定、菱形的新鲜柳条编织成的笼状网格,其后覆上土壤并喷播能在生长期对固定土壤发挥作用的草本、灌木以及树木种子。这项技术同样适用于河岸侵蚀防护。 | Andreas SCHAEFFER 陈忠礼 Mathias EBEL Michael EVANGELOU Henner HOLLERT Martina RO-NICKOLL Burkhard SCHMIDT 袁野 Gottfried LENNARTZ | 2012 | 重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版)2012，29，3： | 4 |
| 6 | 土壤中有机肥源抗生素抗性基因环境归趋与风险管理研究进展显示文摘抗生素抗性基因——一类新型污染物,已对人类健康和环境安全构成威胁,如何有效应对日益严峻的耐药性危机已成为一项全球性挑战。有机肥源抗生素抗性基因是土壤抗生素抗性基因的主要来源,而土壤参与并主导不同环境单元中抗生素抗性基因演化的多元交互作用,因此,有必要厘清有机肥源抗生素抗性基因在土壤和其他环境介质中的命运、归趋与风险。本文综述了近年来有机肥源抗生素抗性基因在土壤中的分布特征、环境归趋、人体暴露风险以及风险管理方面的研究进展,并提出建议与展望,以期为有效减轻抗生素抗性基因在环境中的危害,遏制抗生素抗性基因的增殖与传播提供理论依据与决策参考。 | 王芳 豆庆圆 付玉豪 梅芝 相雷雷 刘雨 蒋新 SCHAEFFER Andreas 朱永官 TIEDJE James M | 2022 | 农业环境科学学报2022，41，12： | 4 |
| 7 | ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non–st-segment elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Eugene Braunwald Elliott M Antman John W Beasley Robert M Califf Melvin D Cheitlin Judith S Hochman Robert H Jones Dean Kereiakes Joel Kupersmith Thomas N Levin Carl J Pepine John W Schaeffer Earl E Smith David E Steward Pierre Theroux Raymond J Gibbons J | 2000 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2000，，3： | 4 |
| 8 | 混合线性模型下猪群间遗传联系的度量显示文摘采用关联指数(IC)和决定系数(CD)两种方法,度量混合线性模型遗传评估下猪群体间的遗传关联性。结果表明,加拿大安大略省的大约克夏猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪和汉普夏猪4个主要品种群体间具有良好的遗传联系。CD法既组合了数据结构和信息量,又考虑了预测误差方差和遗传变异性,是一个选择判断遗传评估精度的好方法。 | 王爱国 D Laloe LR Schaeffer CGIL | 2000 | 遗传2000，22，5： | 4 |
| 9 | A class of nonharmonic Fourier series显示文摘 | R. J. Duffin A. C. Schaeffer | 1952 | Transactions of the American Mathematical Society1952，，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Energy and carbon embodied in the international trade of Brazil: an input–output approach显示文摘 | Giovani Machado Roberto Schaeffer Ernst Worrell | 2001 | Ecological Economics2001，，3： | 3 |
| 11 | Measuring ecosystem health显示文摘 | Schaeffer D J Henricks E E Kerster H W | 1998 | Environmental Management1998，12，： | 2 |
| 12 | KAI1, a metastasis suppressor gene for prostate cancer on human chromosome 11p11.2显示文摘 | Dong JT Lamb PW Rinker Schaeffer CW | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 13 | Colorectal Glandular-Neuroendocrine Mixed Tumor: Pathologic Spectrum and Clinical Implications显示文摘 | Yunru Li Annie Yau David Schaeffer Anthony Magliocco Xianyong Gui Stefan Urbanski Ranjit Waghray David Owen Zu-hua Gao | 2011 | The American Journal of Surgical Pathology2011，，3： | 2 |
| 14 | Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Canadian Holstein Female Reproduction Traits显示文摘 | J. Jamrozik J. Fatehi G.J. Kistemaker L.R. Schaeffer | 2005 | Journal of Dairy Science2005，，6： | 2 |
| 15 | The consequences of uncertainties in land use, climate and vegetation responses on the terrestrial carbon显示文摘The IPCC SRES narratives were implemented in IMAGE 2.2 to evaluate thefuture condition of the climate system (including the biosphere). A series of scenario experiments was used to assess possible ranges in emissions and concentrations of greenhouse gases, climate change and impacts. These experiments focussed on the role of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The experiments show that the SRES narratives dominate human emissions and not natural processes. In contrary, atmospheric CO2 concentration strongly differs between the experiments. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations range for A1B from 714 to 1009 ppmv CO2 in 2100. The spread of this range is comparable with the full SRES range as implemented in IMAGE 2.2 (515-895 μmol/mol CO2). The most important negative and positive feedback processes in IMAGE 2.2 on the build-up of CO2 concentrations are CO2 fertilisation and soil respiration respectively. Indirect effects of these processes furtherchange land-use patterns, deforestation rates and alter the natural C fluxes. The cumulative effects of these changes have a pronounced influence on the final CO2 concentrations. Our scenario experiments highlight the importance of a proper parameterisation of feedback processes, C-cycle and land use in determining the future states of the climate system. | Rik Leemans Bas Eickhout Bart Strengers Lex Bouwman Michiel Schaeffer | 2002 | Science China(Life Sciences)2002，45，z1： | 2 |
| 16 | The Phenotypic Expression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Differs in the Distribution of Colitis显示文摘 | David F. Schaeffer Lay Lay Win Sara Hafezi-Bakhtiari Maria Cino Gideon M. Hirschfield Hala El-Zimaity | 2013 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2013，，9： | 2 |
| 17 | 粘土矿物参与微生物利用木质素形成矿物-菌体残留物的结构特征研究显示文摘粘土矿物在催化木质素形成腐殖质方面具有重要贡献。为有效阐明微生物-木质素-粘土矿物三者间的关系,探明矿物-菌体残留物的结构特征,采用液体摇瓶培养法,以木质素为碳源,通过添加高岭石和蒙脱石,在接种复合菌剂后启动110d液体培养,期间动态收集矿物-菌体残留物,利用傅里叶红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜技术对其结构特性进行了研究。结果表明:高岭石颗粒边缘多由管状体卷曲而成,在参与微生物利用木质素形成矿物-菌体残留物后,连片状细小颗粒结构进一步团聚,结合更加紧凑,短管状结构增多,但整体仍保持多水高岭石的结构特征;在初始富营养条件下,高岭石能够促进微生物繁衍,使大量菌体聚集于高岭石表面,掩蔽了Si—O和Si—O—Al键,且矿物-菌体残留物中脂族碳结构比例增加;菌体中多糖物质通过含氧官能团与高岭石表面的水化层在多个部位形成氢键,氢键的形成对于高岭石稳定木质素及其降解产物具有重要作用,芳香碳结构比例和多糖类物质含量随培养时间逐渐增加,而后复合菌株对掩蔽在矿物表面的菌体进行二次利用,使高岭石Si—O—Al键重现;蒙脱石多由浑圆的颗粒结构组成,接种微生物可使其表面产生溶蚀,团粒结构遭到破碎;与10d相比,历经30d培养所得矿物-菌体残留物中的多糖类物质增多,使原本归属蒙脱石Si—O—Si及Si—O结构的1 034~1 038cm-1处吸收峰强度增加,而后因多糖类物质与蒙脱石表面羟基发生缔合,又使该处吸收峰强度减弱,同时发生了氢键键合,该作用是蒙脱石-微生物-木质素间相互作用、形成矿物-菌体残留物的主要机制;高岭石在稳定有机碳方面的能力要高于蒙脱石,更易促进HS前体物质的形成。 | 王帅 徐俊平 陈殿元 姜帅 李兴吉 盛炳翰 Schaeffer Sean | 2018 | 光谱学与光谱分析2018，38，9： | 2 |
| 18 | Leukocyte and Bacterial Counts Do Not Correlate With Severity of Symptoms in Men With Chronic Prostatitis: The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study显示文摘 | Anthony J. Schaeffer Jill S. Knauss J. Richard Landis Kathleen J. Propert Richard B. Alexander Mark S. Litwin J. Curtis Nickel Michael P. O’leary Robert B. Nadler Michel A. Pontari Daniel A. Shoskes Scott I. Zeitlin Jackson E. Fowler Carissa A. Mazurick J | 2002 | The Journal of Urology2002，，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Changed degradation behavior of pesticides when present in mixtures显示文摘Soil microorganisms are indispensable for a healthy soil environment,where the fate of pesticides is contingent on microbial activity.Conversely,soil ecosystems can be distorted by all kinds of variables,such as agrochemicals.These crop protection products have been universally in use for decades in agriculture.In modern crop cultivation,fungicides are increasingly applied because of their high and broad effectivity on plant pathogens.While their use can enhance harvest yields,fungicides,particularly broad-spectrum ones,are responsible for the alteration of the soil microflora.Furthermore,successive and combined application of pesticides is an agronomic routine,which aggravates the concurrent existence of synthetic chemicals in the soil and marine environments.Mutual interactions of such different molecules,or their effects on soil life,can negatively impact the dissipation of biodegradable pesticides from the ecosystems.The direct effects of individual agrochemicals on microbial soil parameters,as well as agronomic efficiency and interactions of mixtures have been thoroughly studied over the past 80 years.The indirect impacts of mixtures on soil and aquatic ecosystems,however,may be overlooked.Moreover,the current regulatory risk assessment of agrochemicals is based on fate investigations of individual substances to derive predicted environmental concentrations,which does not reflect real agricultural scenarios and needs to be updated.In this article,we summarized the results from our own experiments and previous studies,demonstrating that the degradation of pesticides is impacted by the co-existence of fungicides by their effects on microbial and enzymatic activities in soil. | Andreas Schaeffer Christiaan Wijntjes | 2022 | Eco-Environment & Health2022，1，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Body traits in rainbow trout: II Estimates of heritability and of phenotypic and genetic correlations显示文摘 | Schaeffer L R | 1989 | Aquaculture1989，80，： | 1 |
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