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| 1 | 文化生态学显示文摘朱利安·斯图尔特是美国文化生态学大家,对考古学和民族学都有开拓性的贡献,本文虽然不长,但较全面系统地阐释了他文化生态学的基本思想。文化生态学认为社会是对周围环境适应的产物,文化生态学的研究即考察社会对其环境的适应过程。但文化生态学并不等于传统意义上的'环境决定论',它还同时考虑除环境之外其它因素对社会的影响,而且它认为社会与环境之间是双向的互动关系,社会固然要适应环境,但也影响乃至改造环境。社会对环境的依赖或适应程度随文化(特别是技术)的发展而变化,发展程度越低的社会(如史前社会)越受到环境的制约,这表现在社会结构等方面,但同时,构成文化的各个变量受环境影响的程度并非同等而是有所区别。随着文化的发展,社会越来越脱离自然环境的束缚,资源利用远远超出自身所在的范围,经济形态趋于专业化,社会结构上也成为一个更大组织的一部分。还要特别注意到的是,斯图尔特对生态因素的考察不仅包括自然环境,还包括了人自身的生物性特征,认为这可能也是影响文化特别是社会结构的基本要素之一。斯图尔特的文化生态学思想对于新考古学有着巨大的影响,特别是他所强调的文化的功能适应方面,对于人类早期社会的解释有十分重要的意义。但是随着考古学的发展,人类文化发展所展现出的复杂性和丰富性,远远超出了文化生态学所能提供的解释。生态因素固然可以很好地解释技术经济和社会结构问题,但对文化中的意识观念领域则无能为力,这是它的局限性。 | 朱利安·H·斯图尔特(Julian H Steward) 潘艳(译) 陈洪波(译) 陈淳(校) | 2007 | 南方文物2007，，2： | 131 |
| 2 | Evolution and future of urban ecological science:ecology in,of,and for the city显示文摘The contrast between ecology in cities and ecology of cities has emphasized the increasing scope of urban ecosystem research.Ecology in focuses on terrestrial and aquatic patches within cities,suburbs,and exurbs as analogs of non-urban habitats.Urban fabric outside analog patches is considered to be inhospi-table matrix.Ecology of the city differs from ecology in by treating entire urban mosaics as social-ecolog-ical systems.Ecology of urban ecosystems incorporates biological,social,and built components.Originally posed as a metaphor to visualize disciplinary evolution,this paper suggests that the contrast has conceptual,empirical,and methodological contents.That is,the contrast constitutes a disciplinary or“local”paradigm shift.The paradigm change between ecology in and ecology of represents increased complexity,moving from focus on biotic communities to holistic social-ecological systems.A third paradigm,ecology for the city,has emerged due to concern for urban sustainability.While ecology for includes the knowledge generated by both ecology in and ecology of,it considers researchers as a part of the system,and acknowledges that they may help envision and advance the social goals of urban sustainability.Using urban heterogeneity as a key urban feature,the three paradigms are shown to contrast in five important ways:disciplinary focus,the relevant theory of spatial heterogeneity,the technology for representing spatial structure,the resulting classification of urban mosaics,and the nature of application to sustainability.Ecology for the city encourages ecologists to engage with other specialists and urban dwellers to shape a more sustainable urban future. | Steward T.A.Pickett Mary L.Cadenasso Daniel L.Childers Mark J.McDonnell Weiqi Zhou | 2016 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2016，2，7： | 7 |
| 3 | Global urbanization as a shifting context for applying ecological science toward the sustainable city显示文摘There is an abundance of conceptual frameworks relevant to sustainability in urban systems.However,to advance urban ecological science and its application to sustainable urban transformations,key existing frameworks must be synthesized.This paper is a conceptual synthesis cast in essay form in order to encompass a broad range of relevant ideas.It starts from the premise that the familiar models of metropolitan and megalopolitan urban structure,of industrially driven urban development,and of the contrasts between urban and non-urban lands are manifestly inadequate representations of evolving global reality.Such inadequacy is illustrated with examples from the United States and from China.Both the form and the interactions involved in contemporary urbanization and urban change suggest the need for a new integrated framework synthesizing two existing yet still evolving concepts:(1)The urban megaregion framework accommodates the spatial extent,interdigitation of contrasting land uses,and the linked spatial relations between nominally urban and nominally rural areas.(2)The new concept of the continuum of urbanity emphasizes the shifts in livelihood and lifestyle driven by regional and global teleconnections and their joint effects on local environments and landscapes.Together these frameworks suggest a common conceptual structure for addressing urban areas of different ages,sizes,forms,and dynamics in both urbanizing and urbanized areas in developing and developed countries and regions.The synthesis of frameworks points to empirical research needs,and has the potential to better match sustainability plans and actions with the diverse urban forms and dynamics now appearing around the world. | Steward T.A.Pickett Weiqi Zhou | 2015 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2015，1，1： | 6 |
| 4 | Oxidative stress in humans following the Pringle manoeuvre显示文摘BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is induced in the liver by application of the Pringle manoeuvre. Malondialdehyde is a carbonyl compound formed during lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin biosynthesis, which combines with DNA to form a number of adducts. Among them is the DNA ad-duct; 3-(2-deoxybeta-dierythropentafuranosyl) pyr [1,2-alpha]-purin-10(3H) one or M1G. This study was undertaken to determine the suitability of M1G as a novel marker of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver and its correlation with both the length of Pringle clamp application and the overall length of the operation. METHODS: Normal and colorectal liver metastatic tissues were obtained in 12 patients before and after application of the Pringle manoeuvre. All samples were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen at -80 ℃. DNA was extracted and M1G quantification was performed by immunoslotblot analysis. RESULTS: M1G levels in normal liver tissue were 4.0 + 1.0 per 107 nucleotides before the Pringle manoeuvre and 7.4 ± 1.0 per 10 nucleotides after the Pringle manoeuvre (mean ± standard deviation) (P<0.05 by ANOVA). M1G levels in malignant liver tissue were 2.5 ±1.4 per 107 nucleotides before the Pringle manoeuvre and 6. 5 ±1.9 adducts per 10 nucleotides after the Pringle manoeuvre (P <0. 05). Ad-duct levels in normal liver tissue showed a significant correlation with cumulative period of Pringle application. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that the tissue levels of M1G before and after application of the Pringle manoeuvre have been studied. The results show that the Pringle manoeuvre exerts significant oxidative stress in human hepa-tocytes, which is Pringle-time dependent. The results highlight the potential for oxidative DNA adducts levels as a tool for measuring the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury. | Giuseppe Garcea Andreas Gescher William Steward Ashley Dennison David Berry | 2006 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2006，5，2： | 4 |
| 5 | ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non–st-segment elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Eugene Braunwald Elliott M Antman John W Beasley Robert M Califf Melvin D Cheitlin Judith S Hochman Robert H Jones Dean Kereiakes Joel Kupersmith Thomas N Levin Carl J Pepine John W Schaeffer Earl E Smith David E Steward Pierre Theroux Raymond J Gibbons J | 2000 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2000，，3： | 4 |
| 6 | TEMS: results of a specialist centre显示文摘 | S. M. Flexer A. C. Durham-Hall M. A. Steward J. M. Robinson | 2014 | Surgical Endoscopy2014，，6： | 2 |
| 7 | Molecular Testing for Mutations in Improving the Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules显示文摘 | Yuri E. Nikiforov David L. Steward Toni M. Robinson-Smith Bryan R. Haugen Joshua P. Klopper Zhaowen Zhu James A. Fagin Mercedes Falciglia Katherine Weber Marina N. Nikiforova | 2009 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2009，，： | 2 |
| 8 | MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Thyroid Tumors: Biological Significance and Diagnostic Utility显示文摘 | Marina N. Nikiforova George C. Tseng David Steward Donna Diorio Yuri E. Nikiforov | 2008 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2008，，5： | 2 |
| 9 | 胰管细胞HCO_3^-分泌:囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节体和SLC26转运体(英文)显示文摘胰管细胞以至少6倍浓度差逆向分泌HCO_3^-(人体浓度约140 mmol/L)。HCO_3^-跨顶膜转运的可能机制包括SLC26阴离子转运体的Cl^--HCO_3^-交换和囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节体(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)对HCO_3^-的传导扩散。SLC26家族成员介导上皮顶膜Cl^--HCO_3^-交换,胰管中检测到SLC26A6和SLC26A3。共表达研究揭示,鼠类slc26a6和slc26a3通过slc26的STAS结构域与CFTR的R结构域相互作用,导致活性互相增强。研究显示这些交换体是产电的:slc26a6介导ICl^--2HCO_3^-交换,slc26a3介导2Cl^--1HCO_3^-交换。近期slc26a6-/-小鼠离体胰管研究显示,slc26a6介导大部分Cl^-依赖的HCO_3^-跨顶膜分泌,与slc26a6的产电性一致。然而,因为人体能分泌非常高浓度的HCO3^-,SLC26A6在胰管HCO_3^-分泌中的作用并不十分清楚。SLC26A6的作用只能在与人类似能分泌约140 mmol/L HCO_3^-的物种,如豚鼠中研究。现有的豚鼠研究数据显示,像slc26a6介导的ICl^--2HCO_3^-交换不可能完成这种高浓度差的HCO_3^-分泌。另一方面,CFTR的HCO_3^-电导性可以在理论上支持HCO_3^-逆向分泌。所以,在豚鼠和人胰腺HCO_3^-的分泌中,CFTR可能比SLC26A6发挥更大作用。 | ISHIGURO Hiroshi STEWARD Martin NARUSE Satoru | 2007 | 生理学报2007，59，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Democratization of ecosystem services--a radical approach for assessing nature's benefits in the face of urbanization显示文摘Objectives:(1)To evaluate how ecosystem services may be utilized to either reinforce or fracture the planning and development practices that emerged from segregation and eco-nomic exclusion;(2)To survey the current state of ecosystem service assessments and synthesize a growing number of recommendations from the literature for renovating ecosys-tem service analyses.Methods:Utilizing current maps of ecosystem service distribution in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality,South Africa,we considered how a democratized process of assessing ecosys-tem services will produce a more nuanced representation of diverse values in society and capture heterogeneity in ecosystem structure and function.Results:We propose interventions for assessing ecosystem services that are inclusive of a broad range of stakeholders'values and result in actual quantification of social and ecological processes.We demonstrate how to operationalize a pluralistic framework for ecosystem service assessments.Conclusion:A democratized approach to ecosystem service assessments is a reimagined path to rescuing a poorly implemented concept and designing and managing future social-ecological systems that benefit people and support ecosystem integrity.It is the responsi-bility of scientists who do ecosystem services research to embrace more complex,pluralistic frameworks so that sound and inclusive scientific information is utilized in decision-making. | Melissa R.McHale Scott M.Beck Steward T.A.Pickett Daniel L.Childers Mary L.Cadenasso Louie Rivers III Louise Swemmer Liesel Ebersohn Wayne Twine David N Bunn | 2018 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2018，4，5： | 2 |
| 11 | Curcumin: The potential for efficacy in gastrointestinal diseases显示文摘 | Glen R.B. Irving Ankur Karmokar David P. Berry Karen Brown William P. Steward | 2011 | Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology2011，，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Thrombospondin-1 protein expression relates to good prognostic indices in dutal carcinoma in situ of the breast显示文摘 | Rice AJ Steward MA Quinn GM | 2002 | J Clin Pathol2002，55，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Increased plasma endothelin-1 in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Kubac J Castello KB | 1991 | J Am Coll Cardiol1991，18，： | 1 |
| 14 | New closure models for CFD modeling of high-density circulating fluidized beds 显示文摘 | CRUZ E STEWARD F R PUGSLEY T | 2006 | Powder Technology2006，169，3： | 1 |
| 15 | MicroRNA expression profiling of thyroid tumors:biological significance and diagnostic utility显示文摘 | Nikiforova MN Tseng GC Steward D | 2008 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2008，93，5： | 1 |
| 16 | A remote-sensing reflectance model for red-tide dinoflagellate off west florida 显示文摘 | Carder K L R G Steward | 1985 | Limnology and oceanography1985，30，： | 1 |
| 17 | Slurry, not paste,will be the fill of the future显示文摘 | SPEARING A J S STEWARD N R | 1992 | Canadian Mining Journal1992，6，： | 1 |
| 18 | An Overview of Polymer Latex Film Formation and Properties 显示文摘 | STEWARD P A HEARN J WILKINSON M C | 2000 | Advance in Colloid and Interface Science2000，，86： | 1 |
| 19 | Etoposide: an update 显示文摘 | Fleming RA Miller AA Steward CF | 1989 | Clin Pharm1989，8，： | 1 |
| 20 | Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations显示文摘 | Hedley M J Steward J W B Chauhan B S | 1982 | Soil Science Society of America Jour- nal1982，46，： | 1 |
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