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| 1 | The spatial structure of phylogenetic and functional diversity in the United States and Canada: An example using the sedge family (Cyperaceae)显示文摘越过风景的系统地确定的差异是必要的理解 clade 历史和生态的异质怎么贡献生物多样性的起源,分发,和维护。这里,我们在整个 USA 和加拿大在薹家庭(Cyperaceae ) 在所有种类之中制定差异的空间结构。我们首先识别显著种类丰富,种系发生的差异,和功能的特点差异的区域,并且加亮保存优先级的区域。我们然后基于家庭的历史的生物地理学关于这差异的空间结构测试预言。合并发展史,在从联机植物群的功能的特点 mined 的 400000 个腊叶集记录,和一个数据库上,我们发现那种丰富和功能的特点差异在东北美国的山峰,当时沿着墨西哥湾的种系发生的差异山峰。在集合之中的花的周转与距离显著地增加,但是种系发生的周转是两次象纵的坡度同样沿着纬度的坡度快速。这些模式反映 Cyperaceae 的期望的分发,它在热带发源,但是在适度的区域放射了。我们与许多识别集合稀罕, rangerestricted 系,和集合通常从多样的区域缺乏的种类创作了。我们主张这两个度量标准为开发指向的保存策略是有用的。我们使用这里产生建立未来研究优先级的数据,包括测试关于在薹划分的染色体数字,光合的小径,和资源的分发的一系列假设。 | Daniel Spalink Jocelyn Pender Marcial Escudero Andrew L. Hipp Eric H. Roalson Julian R. Starr Marcia J. Waterway Lynn Bohs Kenneth J. Sytsma | 2018 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2018，56，5： | 10 |
| 2 | Numerical modelling of riverbed grain size stratigraphic evolution显示文摘For several decades,quantification of riverbed grain size stratigraphic evolution has been based upon the active layer formulation(ALF),which unfortunately involves considerable uncertainty.While it is the sediment exchange across the bed surface that directly affects the riverbed stratigraphy,it has been assumed in the ALF that the sediment fraction at the lower interface of the active layer is a linear function of the sediment fraction in the flow.Here it is proposed that the sediment fraction of the sediment exchange flux is used directly in estimating the sediment fraction at the lower surface of the active layer.Together with the size-specific mass conservation for riverbed sediment,the modified approach is referred to as the surface-based formulation(SBF).When incorporated into a coupled non-capacity modelling framework for fluvial processes,the SBF leads to results that agree as well or better than those using ALF with laboratory and field observations.This is illustrated for typical cases featuring bed aggradation and degradation due to graded bed-load sediment transport.Systematic experiments on graded sediment transport by unsteady flows are warranted for further testing the modified formulation. | Peng HU Zhi-xian CAO Gareth PENDER Huai-han LIU | 2014 | International Journal of Sediment Research2014，29，3： | 9 |
| 3 | Rangelands of Central Asia:challenges and opportunities显示文摘Rangelands of Central Asia(referring to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in this study), the largest contiguous area of grazed land in the world, serve as an important source of livelihood for pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in this region. They also play an important role in absorbing CO2 as a global carbon sink. However, unsustainable management of rangelands has led to their degradation hugely by downgrading their potential agro-ecological, environmental and socio-economical roles. This paper reviewed the rangeland degradation in Central Asia, a topic which so far has received only scant coverage in the international scientific literature. It also provided examples of successful experiences and outlined possible options that land managers can adopt to enhance the sustainable management of these vast degraded rangelands. The experiences and lessons described in this paper may also be relevant for other degraded rangeland areas, especially in the developing countries. The causes of rangeland degradation within the Central Asian region are numerous, complex and inter-related. Therefore, while addressing the factors associated with improper rangeland management may shed some light on the causes of rangeland degradation, the scope of this paper would not be all-encompassing for the major causes of degradation. There is a need to develop and widely apply the viable and locally accepted and adapted packages of technical, institutional and policy options for sustainable rangeland management. Incentivizing the collective action of small-scale pastoralists who group together to facilitate access to remote pastures can reduce the degree of overgrazing within community pastures, such as those near the settlements. We also found that migratory grazing through pooling of resources among small-scale pastoralists can increase household income. After their independence, most Central Asian countries adopted various rangeland tenure arrangements. However, the building of enhanced capacities of pasture management and effective local rangeland governance structures can increase the likelihood, which will be sustainable and equitable. Finally, this paper presented several promising technical options, aiming at reversing the trend of rangeland degradation in Central Asia. | Alisher MIRZABAEV Mohamed AHMED Jutta WERNER John PENDER Mounir LOUHAICHI | 2016 | Journal of Arid Land2016，8，1： | 8 |
| 4 | Non-capacity transport of non-uniform bed load sediment in alluvial rivers显示文摘Rivers often witness non-uniform bed load sedim ent transport. For a long tim e, non-uniform bed load transport has been assum ed to be at capacity regime determined exclusively by local flow. Yet whether the capacity assumption for non-uniform bed load transport is justified remains poorly understood. Here, the relative time scale of non-uniform bed load transport is evaluated and non-capacity and capacity models are compared for both aggradation and degradation cases with observed data. As characterized by its relative time scale, the adaptation of non-uniform bed load to capacity regime should be fulfilled quickly. However, changes in the flow and sedim ent inputs from upstream or tributaries hinder the adaptation. Also, the adaptation to capacity regime is size dependent, the finer the sediment size the slower the adaptation is, and vice versa. It is shown that the capacity model may entail considerable errors compared to the non-capacity model. For modelling of non-uniform bed load, non-capacity modelling is recommended, in which the temporal and spatial scales required for adaptation are explicitly appreciated. | CAO Zhi-xian HU Peng PENDER Gareth LIU Huai-han | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Coupled 2D Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Modeling of Megaflood due to Glacier Dam-break in Altai Mountains,Southern Siberia显示文摘One of the largest known megafloods on earth resulted from a glacier dam-break,which occurred during the Late Quaternary in the Altai Mountains in Southern Siberia.Computational modeling is one of the viable approaches to enhancing the understanding of the flood events.The computational domain of this flood is over 9460 km2 and about 3.784 × 106 cells are involved as a 50 m × 50 m mesh is used,which necessitates a computationally efficient model.Here the Open MP(Open Multiprocessing) technique is adopted to parallelize the code of a coupled 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model.It is shown that the computational efficiency is enhanced by over 80% due to the parallelization.The floods over both fixed and mobile beds are well reproduced with specified discharge hydrographs at the dam site.Qualitatively,backwater effects during the flood are resolved at the bifurcation between the Chuja and Katun rivers.Quantitatively,the computed maximum stage and thalweg are physically consistent with the field data of the bars and deposits.The effects of sediment transport and morphological evolution on the flood are considerable.Sensitivity analyses indicate that the impact of the peak discharge is significant,whilst those of the Manningroughness,medium sediment size and shape of the inlet discharge hydrograph are marginal. | HUANG Wei CAO Zhi-xian Paul CARLING Gareth PENDER | 2014 | Journal of Mountain Science2014，11，6： | 5 |
| 6 | Probiotics in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease显示文摘 | Daisy Jonkers John Penders Ad Masclee Marieke Pierik | 2012 | Drugs2012，，6： | 5 |
| 7 | Well-balanced numerical modelling of non-uniform sediment transport in alluvial rivers显示文摘The last two decades have witnessed the development and application of well-balanced numerical models for shallow flows in natural rivers.However,until now there have been no such models for flows with non-uniform sediment transport.This paper presents a 1D well-balanced model to simulate flows and non-capacity transport of non-uniform sediment in alluvial rivers.The active layer formulation is adopted to resolve the change of bed sediment composition.In the framework of the finite volume Slope Llmiter Centred(SLIC) scheme,a surface gradient method is incorporated to attain well-balanced solutions to the governing equations.The proposed model is tested against typical cases with irregular topography,including the refilling of dredged trenches,aggradation due to sediment overloading and flood flow due to landslide dam failure.The agreement between the computed results and measured data is encouraging.Compared to a non-well-balanced model,the well-balanced model features improved performance in reproducing stage,velocity and bed deformation.It should find general applications for non-uniform sediment transport modelling in alluvial rivers,especially in mountain areas where the bed topography is mostly irregular. | Honglu Qian Zhixian Cao Gareth Pender Huaihan Liu Peng Hu | 2015 | International Journal of Sediment Research2015，30，2： | 4 |
| 8 | Full 2D Hydrodynamic Modelling of Rainfall-induced Flash Floods显示文摘Mountain catchments are prone to flash flooding due to heavy rainfall. Enhanced understanding of the generation and evolution processes of flash floods is essential for effective flood risk management. However, traditional distributed hydrological models based on kinematic and diffusion wave approximations ignore certain physical mechanisms of flash floods and thus bear excessive uncertainty. Here a hydrodynamic model is presented for flash floods based on the full two-dimensional shallow water equations incorporating rainfall and infiltration. Laboratory experiments of overland flows were modelled to illustrate the capability of the model. Then the model was applied to resolve two observed flash floods of distinct magnitudes in the Lengkou catchment in Shanxi Province, China. The present model is shown to be able to reproduce the flood flows fairly well compared to the observed data. The spatial distribution of rainfall is shown to be crucial for the modelling of flash floods. Sensitivity analyses of the model parameters reveal that the stage and discharge hydrographs are more sensitive to the Manning roughness and initial water content in the catchment than to the Green-Ampt head. Most notably, as the flash flood augments due to heavier rainfall, the modelling results agree with observed data better, which clearly characterizes the paramount role of rainfall in dictating the floods. From practical perspectives, the proposed model is more appropriate for modelling large flash floods. | HUANG Wei CAO Zhi-xian QI Wen-jun Gareth PENDER ZHAO Kai | 2015 | Journal of Mountain Science2015，12，5： | 4 |
| 9 | Coupled flood and sediment transport modelling with adaptive mesh refinement显示文摘Coupled flood and sediment transport modelling in large-scale domains has for long been hindered by the high computational cost.Adaptive mesh refinement is one of the viable ways to solving this problem without degrading the accuracy.This goal can be accomplished through mesh adaptation,e.g.,mesh coarsening and refining based on the dynamic regime of the flow and sediment transport along with bed evolution.However,previous studies in this regard have been limited to cases either without involving sediment transport or featuring flow-sediment-bed decoupling and the assumption of sediment transport capacity,which are not generally justified.Here,a coupled hydrodynamic and non-capacity sediment transport model is developed on adaptive non-uniform rectangular mesh.The proposed model is validated against experimental tests and numerical results based on the fixed meshes.It is demonstrated that the proposed model can properly capture shock waves,resolve the wetting/drying transition and reproduce morphological evolution.Compared with models based on the fixed meshes,the proposed model features great advantage in computational efficiency and holds promise for wide applications. | HUANG Wei CAO ZhiXian PENDER Gareth LIU QingQuan CARLING Paul | 2015 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2015，58，8： | 4 |
| 10 | Experiences and challenges in the health protection of medical teams in the Chinese Ebola treatment center,Liberia:a qualitative study显示文摘Background:Health care workers are at the frontline in the fight against infectious disease,and as a result are at a high risk of infection.During the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa,many health care workers contracted Ebola,some fatally.However,no members of the Chinese Anti-Ebola medical team,deployed to provide vital medical care in Liberia were infected.This study aims to understand how this zero infection rate was achieved.Methods:Data was collected through 15 in-depth interviews with participants from the People’s Liberation Army of China medical team which operated the Chinese Ebola Treatment Center from October 2014 to January 2015 in Liberia.Data were analysed using systematic framework analysis.Results:This study found numerous bio-psycho-socio-behavioural risk factors that directly or indirectly threatened the health of the medical team working in the Chinese Ebola Treatment Center.These factors included social and emotional stress caused by:(1)the disruption of family and social networks;(2)adapting to a different culture;(3)and anxiety over social and political unrest in Liberia.Exposure to Ebola from patients and local co-workers,and the incorrect use of personal protective equipment due to fatigue was another major risk factor.Other risk factors identified were:(1)shortage of supplies;(2)lack of trained health personnel;(3)exposure to contaminated food and water;(4)and long working hours.Comprehensive efforts were taken throughout the mission to mitigate these factors.Every measure was taken to prevent the medical team’s exposure to the Ebola virus,and to provide the medical team with safe,comfortable working and living environments.There were many challenges in maintaining the health safety of the team,such as the limited capability of the emergency command system(the standardized approach to the command,control,and coordination of an emergency response),and the lack of comprehensive international protocols for dealing with emerging infectious disease pandemics.Conclusions:The comprehensive and multidisciplinary measures employed to protect the health of the medical team proved successful even in Liberia’s resource-limited setting.The global health community can learn valuable lessons from this experience which could improve the safety of health care workers in future emergencies.These lessons include:establishing capable command systems;implementing effective coordination mechanisms;providing adequate equipment;providing training for medical teams;investing in the development of global health professionals;and improving research on ways to protect health care workers. | Ying Li Huan Wang Xu-Rui Jin Xiang Li Michelle Pender Cai-Ping Song Sheng-Lan Tang Jia Cao Hao Wu Yun-Gui Wang | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Experimental investigations of graded sediment transport under unsteady flow hydrographs显示文摘自然河的隧道能在不稳定的流动条件下面处于沉积运输率经历重要变化,特别在洪水自记水位计事件期间。目前然而,处于分级的沉积运输率有在不稳定的自记水位计流动性质和时间的可变性之间的相互作用的理解的不同缺乏。在当前的学习,一系列参量的实验被进行调查二等级的沉积床的反应到不同不稳定的自记水位计流动条件的一个范围。全部、部分的水流带来的碎石沉积运输率的调查在自记水位计上在运输揭示了强壮的时间的变化,与尺寸依赖者时间落后在山峰流动条件和山峰水流带来的碎石之间观察的效果搬运率。明确地,粗糙的石子在自记水位计的升起的手足期间增加了活动性,也达到他们的山峰水流带来的碎石运输率在以前,或接近山峰流动条件。由对比,更好的等级趋于在自记水位计的后退的手足期间提高了活动性,与在山峰流动条件过去了以后,测量的山峰运输率。测量从的谷物尺寸分布收集了样品也显示了材料在后退的手足期间在升起的手足和 fining 上变粗的水流带来的碎石,当床的相应图象分析大小出现时,作文在自记水位计上显示出仅仅边缘的变化。全部、部分的沉积收益的计算表明测试的 bimodal 沉积混合在测试的所有自记水位计条件上比单峰的混合以显著地更高的率被搬运。这发现显示单峰的沉积床由于中型的石子在单峰的沉积等级介绍的增加的许多内在地是比 bimodal 床更稳定的。在学习建立的参量的依赖在洪水流动自记水位计下面在自然河的隧道以内在分级的沉积运输过程上的床表面和他们的影响为部分内部小粒的效果的改进理解有清楚的含意。 | Le Wang Alan J.S. Cuthbertson Gareth Pender Zhixian Cao | 2015 | International Journal of Sediment Research2015，30，4： | 4 |
| 12 | Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 by Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Its Implications for Matrix Secretion and Turnover in Chronic Pancreatitis显示文摘 | Fanny Wai-Tsing Shek Robert Christopher Benyon Fiona Mairi Walker Peter Raymond McCrudden Sylvia Lin Foon Pender Elizabeth Jean Williams Penelope Ann Johnson Colin David Johnson Adrian Calvin Bateman David Roger Fine John Peter Iredale | 2002 | The American Journal of Pathology2002，，5： | 2 |
| 13 | 明渠挟沙水流双层积分模式的双曲性分析显示文摘将明渠挟沙水流双层积分模式的控制方程系分别作为单一系统和两个降阶的双曲性系统,分析、比较其特征值;结合溃坝挟沙水流和水库挟沙水流等两类典型的强分层挟沙水流,研究其双曲性.分析表明,尽管作为单一系统和两个降阶的系统时,特征值在定量上有差异,但在所涉及的参数域内,双曲性仍然得以保持,并不引发Kelvin-Helmholtz失稳现象.作为应用实例,对水库异重流进行数值模拟研究.结果表明,在所应用的参数范围内,显著增加水库清水泄流量并未导致异重流失稳,且可明显提高排沙比,减少水库泥沙淤积. | 李季 曹志先 PENDER Gareth 刘青泉 | 2015 | 中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学2015，45，10： | 2 |
| 14 | Impact of gut microbiome in the development and treatment of pancreatic cancer:Newer insights显示文摘The gut microbiome plays an important role in the variation of pharmacologic response.This aspect is especially important in the era of precision medicine,where understanding how and to what extent the gut microbiome interacts with drugs and their actions will be key to individualizing therapy.The impact of the composition of the gut microbiome on the efficacy of newer cancer therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment has become an active area of research.Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAC)has a poor prognosis even in those with potentially resectable disease,and treatment options are very limited.Newer studies have concluded that there is a synergistic effect for immunotherapy in combination with cytotoxic drugs,in the treatment of PAC.A variety of commensal microbiota can affect the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment in the treatment of PAC.This review will provide newer insights on the impact that alterations made in the gut microbial system have in the development and treatment of PAC. | Ayrton I Bangolo Chinmay Trivedi Ishan Jani Silvanna Pender Hirra Khalid Budoor Alqinai Alina Intisar Karamvir Randhawa Joseph Moore Nicoleta De Deugd Shaji Faisal SuchithBoodgere Suresh Parva Gopani Vignesh K Nagesh Tracy Proverbs-Singh Simcha Weissman | 2023 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2023，29，25： | 2 |
| 15 | Graded and uniform bed load sediment transport in a degrading channel显示文摘Twenty runs of experiments are carried out to investigate non-equilibrium transport of graded and uniform bed load sediment in a degrading channel.Well-sorted gravel and sand are employed to compose four kinds of sediment beds with different gravel/sand contents,i.e.,uniform 100%gravel bed,uniform 100%sand bed,and two graded sediment beds respectively with 53%gravel and 47%sand as well as 22%gravel and 78%sand.For different sediment beds,the experiments are conducted under the same discharges,thereby allowing for the role of sediment composition in dictating the bed load transport rate to be identified.A new observed dataset is generated concerning the flow,sediment transport and evolution of bed elevation and composition,which can be exploited to underpin developments of mathematical river models.The data shows that in a degrading channel,the sand greatly promotes the transport of gravel,whilst the gravel considerably hinders the transport of sand.The promoting and hindering effects are evaluated by means of impact factors defined based on sediment transport rates.The impact factors are shown to vary with flow discharge by orders of magnitude,being most pronounced at the lowest discharge.It is characterized that variations in sand or gravel inputs as a result of human activities and climate change may lead to severe morphological changes in degrading channels. | Zhijing Li Zhixian Cao Huaihan Liu Gareth Pender | 2016 | International Journal of Sediment Research2016，31，4： | 2 |
| 16 | Current spectrum of intestinal obstruction显示文摘 | Me Entee G Pender D Muivin D | 1987 | Br J Surg1987，74，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Industrial structure and aggregate growth显示文摘 | Michael Pender | 2003 | Structural Change and Economic Dynamics2003，14，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Infection of autoreactive B lymphocytes with EBV, causing chronic autoimmune diseases 显示文摘 | | 2003 | Trends Immunol2003，24，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Crossed tasticular ectopia detected by laparoscopy显示文摘 | Pender DJ | 1987 | Br J Urol1987，59，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Recent developments in the immunology of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | MacDonald IT Monteleone G Pender SL | 2003 | Scand J Immunol2003，51，： | 1 |
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